Health Promotion Actions and School Violence—A Cluster Analysis from Finnish Comprehensive Schools
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Context of the Study
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Measures
- (1)
- Commitment(Student participation in school meals);
- (2)
- Management (Pupil welfare group meetings; Monitoring of absences; Check on the health and safety of school environment and welfare promotion among the learning community);
- (3)
- Monitoring and needs assessment (Monitoring of bullying, Monitoring of smoking and alcohol and drug use, Monitoring of disciplinary procedures, Monitoring of accidental injuries, Health and welfare monitoring, Reporting of data on pupil health and well-being, Content of the comprehensive health assessment, Monitoring of absences);
- (4)
- Resources(Teacher resources, Classroom assistant resources, School health nurse resources, School physician resources, School psychologist resources, School social work resources);
- (5)
- Common practices (Prevention of smoking and alcohol and drug use, Prevention of harassment and violence, Processing of bullying incidents, Absences, Prevention of accidents and injuries, Guidelines, School meals);
- (6)
- Participation (Parent association and peer pupil scheme, Parents’ possibilities to influence, Pupils’ possibilities to influence, Description of pupil welfare services on school website/in school brochure, Home-school collaboration);
- (7)
- Other core functions (Measures to promote physical activity during the school day, Participation in school meals).
2.2. Data Analysis
3. Results
Clusters’ Description
4. Discussion
5. Strengths and Limitations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
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School Characteristics | Total (%) | |
School type | 1–6 | 1249 (61.2) |
7–9 | 234 (11.5) | |
1–9 | 557 (27.3) | |
Type of municipality | Urban | 1204 (53.1) |
Suburban | 529 (23.3) | |
Rural | 535 (23.6) | |
Student count | Median | 174 |
Range | 3–1374 | |
Q1–Q3 | 66–351 |
Total (%) | ||
---|---|---|
Pupil threatened school personnel with violence or was violent towards them | No | 773 (34.1) |
Yes | 1223 (53.9) | |
Unknown | 272 (12.0) | |
Violence between pupils | No | 388 (17.1) |
Yes | 1613 (71.1) | |
Unknown | 267 (11.8) | |
Personnel’s inappropriate behavior towards a pupil (e.g., violence, harassment, bullying) | No | 1588 (70.1) |
Yes | 311 (13.7) | |
Unknown | 369 (16.3) |
Cluster | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 No Violence | 2 Adolescent Violence | 3 Not Known | 4 Peer Violence | 5 All Violence | Total (%) | ||
Pupil threatened school personnel with violence or was violent towards them | No | 337 | 0 | 4 | 432 | 0 | 773 (34.1) |
Yes | 44 | 851 | 1 | 0 | 327 | 1223 (53.9) | |
Unknown | 2 | 0 | 252 | 13 | 5 | 272 (12.0) | |
Violence between pupils | No | 383 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 4 | 388 (17.1) |
Yes | 0 | 842 | 4 | 440 | 327 | 1613 (71.1) | |
Unknown | 0 | 9 | 252 | 5 | 1 | 267 (11.8) | |
Personnel’s inappropriate behavior towards a pupil (e.g., violence, harassment, bullying) | No | 352 | 851 | 3 | 382 | 0 | 1588 (70.1) |
Yes | 22 | 0 | 2 | 44 | 243 | 311 (13.7) | |
Unknown | 9 | 0 | 252 | 19 | 89 | 369 (16.3) | |
Schools per cluster | 383 | 851 | 257 | 445 | 332 | 2268 (100.0) | |
Student count | Median | 63 | 247.5 | 123 | 126 | 351 | 174 |
Range | 3–997 | 6–1134 | 9–972 | 15–738 | 21–1374 | 3–1374 | |
Q1–Q3 | 39–117 | 126–408 | 51–270 | 57–270 | 188–521 | 66–351 |
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Share and Cite
Ellonen, N.; Pasanen, M.; Wiss, K.; Mielityinen, L.; Lähteenmäki, E.; Joronen, K. Health Promotion Actions and School Violence—A Cluster Analysis from Finnish Comprehensive Schools. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2022, 19, 12698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912698
Ellonen N, Pasanen M, Wiss K, Mielityinen L, Lähteenmäki E, Joronen K. Health Promotion Actions and School Violence—A Cluster Analysis from Finnish Comprehensive Schools. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2022; 19(19):12698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912698
Chicago/Turabian StyleEllonen, Noora, Miko Pasanen, Kirsi Wiss, Laura Mielityinen, Elina Lähteenmäki, and Katja Joronen. 2022. "Health Promotion Actions and School Violence—A Cluster Analysis from Finnish Comprehensive Schools" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19: 12698. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912698