Identification of Three Epichloë Endophytes from Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky in China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Biological Materials and Isolation of Endophytes
2.2. Morphological Examination
2.3. DNA Extraction
2.4. PCR Amplification of the Housekeeping Genes tubB, tefA, and actG of Three Isolates and Purification of PCR Products
2.5. Phylogenetic Analysis
2.6. Alkaloid Gene Detection
3. Results
3.1. Endophyte Characteristics
3.2. Phylogenetic Analyses
3.3. Mating Types and Alkaloid Gene Profiling
Endophyte | Host | Growth on PDA (mm/day) | Length of Conidiogenous Cell (μm) | Conidia Size (μm) | Reference | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Length | Width | |||||
D2-2-B | Hordeum bogdanii | 1.20 ± 0.01a (22 °C) | 12.81 ± 0.66 b | 5.74 ± 0.97 a | 2.48 ± 0.52 a | This study |
D2-1-B | Hordeum bogdanii | 1.13 ± 0.02 a (22 °C) | 13.03 ± 0.56 b | 5.54 ± 0.97 a | 2.28 ± 0.53 b | This study |
D2-1-H | Hordeum bogdanii | 0.61 ± 0.04 b (22°C) | 18.80 ± 1.02 a | 4.96 ± 0.83 b | 2.36 ± 0.43 ab | This study |
Epichloë sp. HboTG-1 | Hordeum bogdanii | nt | nt | nt | nt | [40] |
Epichloë sp. HboTG-2 | Hordeum bogdanii | 0.83 ± 0.06 | 17.4 ± 6.2 | 5.9 ± 1 | 3.1 ± 0.5 | [41] |
Epichloë sp. HboTG-3 | Hordeum bogdanii | 0.99 ± 0.09 | 21.8 ± 5.7 | 7.4 ± 1 | 4.47 ± 0.4 | [41] |
Epichloë sp. HbrTG-1 | Hordeum brevisubulatum | nt | nt | nt | nt | [40] |
Epichloë sp. HbrTG-2 | Hordeum brevisubulatum | nt | nt | nt | nt | [40] |
Epichloë tembladerae | Hordeum comosum | 0.5 (24 °C) | 19.8 ± 0.73 | 8.7 ± 0.17 | 3.2 ± 0.09 | [42] |
Hordeum comosum | 0.94 (24 °C) | 22.3 ± 1.9 | 8.5 ± 0.18 | 3.4 ± 0.15 | [42] | |
Epichloë bromicola | Hordelymus europaeus | 1.43–1.67 (24 °C) | 20.2 ± 4.7 | 4.2 ± 0.4 | 2.1 ± 0.2 | [43] |
Hordeum brevisubulatum | 0.77 ± 0.02 (22 °C) | 19.50 ± 1.06 | 5.17 ± 0.06 | 2.87 ± 0.17 | [44] | |
Hordeum bogdanii | 1.21 ± 0.1 (23 °C) | 14.0 ± 3.5 | 4.6 ± 0.4 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | [41] | |
Hordeum bogdanii | 0.99 ± 0.1 (23 °C) | 19.5 ± 5.7 | 5.0 ± 0.5 | 2.7 ± 0.3 | [41] | |
Epichloë elymi | Elymus sp. | 1.95–2.86 (24 °C) | 17 ± 3 | 4.0 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.2 | [37] |
Epichloë chisosa | Stipa eminens | 0.26 (20 °C) | 10–30 | 5–9 | 2.5–4 | [45] |
Epichloë typhina | Dactylis glomerata | 1.86–3 (25 °C) | 13–33 | 4.1 ± 0.5 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | [46] |
Epichloë typhina subsp. clarkii | Holcus lanatus | 1.22 (23~24 °C) | 33.8 ± 6 | 4.4 ± 0.4 | 1.9 ± 0.1 | [39] |
Epichloë aotearoae | Echinopogon ovatus | <0.31 (22 °C) | nt | nt | nt | [27] |
Epichloë glyceriae | Glyceria striata | 2.48–3 (24 °C) | 31 ± 5 | 3.8–6.2 | 2.2–2.8 | [37] |
Epichloë brachyelytri | Brachyelytrum erectum | 0.76–2.43 (24 °C) | 16 ± 3 | 4.1 ± 0.6 | 2.8 ± 0.3 | [37] |
Epichloë baconii | Agrostis capillaris | 0.75 (23~24 °C) | 24.8 ± 3.7 | 4.4 ± 0.6 | 1.75 ± 0.25 | [39] |
Epichloë uncinata | Lolium pretense | <0.43 (25 °C) | 9–18 | 5–13 | 1–2 | [38] |
Epichloë coenophialum | Festuca arundinacea | 0.29 (20 °C) | 12–34 | 7–11 | 2–3 | [47] |
Epichloë festucae | Festuca rnbra | 1–2.67 (24 °C) | 12–25 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | [48] |
Epichloë novae-zelandiae | Poa matthewsii | 0.14–0.17 (24 °C) | 14–40 | 3.3–5.7 | 1.8–3.1 | [49] |
Epichloë scottii | Melica uniflora | 1.24–1.29 (20 °C) | 14.1 ± 2.8 | 4.5 ± 0.4 | 3.0 ± 0.25 | [50] |
Gene | Present or Absent in Endophyte Genome | Gene | Present or Absent in Endophyte Genome | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D2-1-H | D2-2-B | D2-1-B | D2-1-H | D2-2-B | D2-1-B | ||
Mating-Type Genes | Loline (LOL) Genes | ||||||
mtAC | + | + | + | lolC | + | + | + |
mtBA | + | + | + | lolF | - | - | - |
Segments of perA Gene | lolD | - | - | - | |||
PerA-A1 | + | + | + | lolT | - | - | - |
PerA-T1 | + | + | + | lolA | - | - | - |
PerA-C | + | + | + | lolU | - | - | - |
PerA-A2 | + | + | + | lolO | - | - | - |
PerA-M | + | + | + | lolE | - | - | - |
PerA-T2 | + | + | + | lolN | - | - | - |
PerA-R* | + | + | + | lolM | - | - | - |
PerA-ΔR* | - | - | - | lolP | - | - | - |
Ergot Alkaloid (EAS) Genes | Indole-Diterpene (IDT/LTM) Genes | ||||||
dmaW | - | - | - | idtG | - | - | - |
easF | + | + | + | idtB | - | - | - |
easE | + | + | + | idtM | - | - | - |
easC | - | - | - | idtC | - | - | - |
easD | + | + | + | idtS | - | - | - |
easA | - | - | - | idtP | - | - | - |
easG | + | + | + | idtO | - | - | - |
cloA | - | - | - | idtF | - | - | - |
lpsA | + | + | + | idtK | - | - | - |
lpsB | + | + | + | idtE | - | - | - |
easH | - | - | - | idtJ | - | - | - |
lpsC | - | - | - | ||||
easO | - | - | - |
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Wang, T.; Chen, T.; White, J.F.; Li, C. Identification of Three Epichloë Endophytes from Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky in China. J. Fungi 2022, 8, 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8090928
Wang T, Chen T, White JF, Li C. Identification of Three Epichloë Endophytes from Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky in China. Journal of Fungi. 2022; 8(9):928. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8090928
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Tian, Taixiang Chen, James F. White, and Chunjie Li. 2022. "Identification of Three Epichloë Endophytes from Hordeum bogdanii Wilensky in China" Journal of Fungi 8, no. 9: 928. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof8090928