Predictors of Epicardial Fat Volume Decrease after Dapagliflozin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Patients
2.2. Ethics Statement
2.3. Methods
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Baseline Values | Changes after 6 Months | Δ* | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 99.15 ± 16.07 | 94.13 ± 14.81 | −5 | <0.001 * |
BMI (kg/m2) | 34.55 ± 4.79 | 32.85 ± 4.76 | −1.7 | <0.001 * |
Waist (cm) | ||||
Men | 115.03 ± 12.30 | 112.93 ± 11.71 | −2.1 | 0.02 * |
Women | 115.05 ± 10.03 | 114.75 ± 11.23 | - | 0.92 |
TC (mg/dL) | 192.58 ± 61.68 | 184.43 ± 46.45 | - | 0.45 |
TG (mg/dL) | 171 (55; 887) | 143 (58; 1397) | - | 0.29 |
HDLc (mg/dL) | ||||
Men | 38 (17; 89) | 42 (19; 90) | +4 | 0.01 * |
Women | 39.90 ± 12.14 | 45.15 ± 12.82 | - | 0.19 |
LDLc (mg/dL) | 107 (50; 262) | 96 (33; 202) | - | 0.18 |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.16 ± 1.28 | 4.72 ± 1.11 | - | 0.07 |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | 197 (93; 438) | 155 (74; 294) | −42 | <0.001 * |
HbA1c (%) | 8.66 ± 1.18 | 7.86 ± 1.26 | −0.8 | 0.001 * |
EFV (cm3) | 37.80 ± 17.22 | 20.73 ± 7.09 | −17.1 | <0.001 * |
L4VFV (cm3) | 39.18 ± 29.17 | 43.27 ± 18.43 | - | 0.39 |
AIP | 0.28 ± 0.33 | 0.20 ± 0.34 | −0.08 | 0.04 * |
CRR | 4.77 (2.27; 13.08) | 3.89 (2.03; 11.47) | −0.9 | 0.04 * |
AC | 3.77 (1.27; 12.08) | 2.89 (1.03; 10.47) | −0.9 | 0.04 * |
TyG index | 5.24 ± 0.39 | 5.03 ± 0.37 | −0.2 | 0.01 * |
VAI | ||||
Women | 3.32 (1.27; 14.69) | 3.15 (1.14; 29.34) | - | 0.44 |
Men | 2.81 (0.96; 22.58) | 2.21 (0.47; 43.90) | - | 0.20 |
Conicity index | 1.38 ± 0.08 | 1.40 ± 0.07 | +0.1 | 0.03 * |
CAP (Db/m) | 361 (240; 400) | 310 (190; 400) | −51 | <0. 001 * |
Fibroscan (kPa) | 6.95 (3.50; 43.80) | 6.40 (3.30; 15.30) | - | 0.09 |
Variable | Correlation Coefficient, Significance Level | AIP | CRR | TyG | VAI Women | VAI Men |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | r | −0.03 | −0.01 | −0.03 | 0.04 | −0.10 |
p | 0.80 | 0.9 | 0.79 | 0.85 | 0.56 | |
Waist (cm) | r | −0.08 | 0.75 | −0.07 | 0.09 | −0.02 |
p | 0.55 | <0.001 * | 0.62 | 0.68 | 0.88 | |
BMI (kg/m2) | r | −0.12 | −0.04 | −0.11 | 0.02 | −0.01 |
p | 0.40 | 0.76 | 0.42 | 0.92 | 0.94 | |
Age (years) | r | −0.08 | −0.24 | −0.01 | −0.23 | 0.10 |
p | 0.57 | 0.08 | 0.91 | 0.32 | 0.58 | |
Diabetes duration (years) | r | −0.04 | −0.21 | −0.06 | −0.28 | 0.07 |
p | 0.76 | 0.12 | 0.66 | 0.22 | 0.68 | |
TC (mg/dL) | r | 0.35 | 0.66 | 0.49 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
p | 0.01 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.22 | 0.11 | |
TG (mg/dL) | ρ | 0.90 | 0.58 | 0.92 | 0.93 | 0.89 |
p | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | |
HDLc (mg/dL) | ρ | −0.63 | −0.61 | −0.24 | −0.70 | −0.54 |
p | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.08 | <0.001 * | 0.001 * | |
LDLc (mg/dL) | ρ | 0.13 | 0.59 | 0.21 | 0.27 | −0.07 |
p | 0.35 | <0.001 * | 0.13 | 0.24 | 0.67 | |
Glycemia (mg/dL) | ρ | 0.33 | 0.19 | 0.62 | 0.20 | 0.31 |
p | 0.01 * | 0.16 | <0.001 * | 0.40 | 0.08 | |
HbA1c (%) | r | 0.41 | 0.31 | 0.45 | 0.37 | 0.33 |
p | 0.003 * | 0.02 * | <0.001 * | 0.10 | 0.06 | |
Uric acid (mg/dL) | r | −0.08 | −0.25 | −0.05 | −0.19 | −0.16 |
p | 0.56 | 0.09 | 0.71 | 0.45 | 0.38 | |
EFV decrease (%) | r | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.16 |
p | 0.04 * | 0.04 * | 0.01 * | 0.16 | 0.38 | |
EFV (cm3) | r | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.14 | −0.12 |
p | 0.57 | 0.43 | 0.45 | 0.55 | 0.50 | |
L4VFV (cm3) | r | 0.10 | 0.58 | 0.15 | −0.05 | 0.19 |
p | 0.48 | <0.001 * | 0.28 | 0.82 | 0.29 | |
L4VFV decrease (%) | ρ | −0.03 | −0.04 | −0.06 | −0.24 | 0.06 |
p | 0.81 | 0.77 | 0.65 | 0.29 | 0.73 | |
CAP (dB/m) | ρ | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.33 | 0.14 |
p | 0.13 | 0.53 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.46 | |
Fibroscan (kPa) | ρ | 0.07 | 0.14 | 0.16 | 0.30 | −0.04 |
p | 0.62 | 0.34 | 0.29 | 0.21 | 0.81 |
Coefficients for EFV Decrease (%). | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline Independent Variables | Unstandardized Coefficients | Standardized Coefficients | t | p | |
B | Std. Error | Beta | |||
Age | −0.27 | 0.45 | −0.09 | −0.61 | 0.54 |
Diabetes duration | 0.08 | 0.88 | 0.01 | 0.09 | 0.93 |
Weight | −0.07 | 0.29 | −0.04 | −0.26 | 0.79 |
BMI | −0.29 | 0.97 | −0.04 | −0.30 | 0.76 |
Waist | −0.58 | 0.40 | −0.20 | −1.45 | 0.15 |
TC | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 1.35 | 0.18 |
TG | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.22 | 1.55 | 0.12 |
HDLc | 0.41 | 0.38 | −0.15 | −1.07 | 0.28 |
LDLc | 0.14 | 0.10 | 0.20 | 1.40 | 0.16 |
Uric acid | −5.90 | 4 | −0.22 | −1.47 | 0.14 |
CRR | 4.35 | 2.13 | 0.28 | 2.04 | 0.04 * |
AIP | 28.54 | 13.78 | 0.29 | 2.07 | 0.04 * |
Conicity index | −119.26 | 55.2 | −0.29 | −2.16 | 0.03 * |
TyG index | 27.38 | 11.35 | 0.33 | 2.41 | 0.02 * |
VAI | |||||
Women | 0.89 | 1.95 | 0.11 | 0.46 | 0.65 |
Men | 1.70 | 1.32 | 0.23 | 1.29 | 0.20 |
Glycemia | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.22 | 1.59 | 0.11 |
HbA1c | 3.96 | 3.86 | 0.14 | 1.03 | 0.31 |
EFV | 1.38 | 0.18 | 0.73 | 7.50 | <0.001 * |
L4VFV | −0.36 | 0.15 | −0.32 | −2.38 | 0.02 * |
L4VFV decrease (%) | −0.04 | 0.02 | −0.31 | −2.31 | 0.02 * |
Left atrium volume | −0.97 | 0.32 | −0.40 | −3.08 | 0.003 * |
Right ventricle diameter | −48.72 | 22.90 | −0.33 | −2.13 | 0.04 * |
CAP | 0.05 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.48 | 0.63 |
Fibroscan | 0.04 | 0.70 | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.95 |
Characteristics | AIP | CRR | TyG Index | VAI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Area under ROC | 0.903 | 0.772 | 0.957 | 0.898 |
p value | <0.001 | 0.004 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Youden index J | 0.732 | 0.595 | 0.904 | 0.712 |
Associated criterion | >0.02 | >4.03 | >4.93 | >1.98 |
Sensitivity | 85.71% | 72.09% | 90.48% | 83.72% |
Specificity | 87.50% | 87.50% | 100% | 87.50% |
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Braha, A.; Albai, A.; Timar, B.; Cipu, D.; Vasiluță, L.; Potre, O.; Timar, R. Predictors of Epicardial Fat Volume Decrease after Dapagliflozin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Medicina 2022, 58, 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010021
Braha A, Albai A, Timar B, Cipu D, Vasiluță L, Potre O, Timar R. Predictors of Epicardial Fat Volume Decrease after Dapagliflozin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Medicina. 2022; 58(1):21. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010021
Chicago/Turabian StyleBraha, Adina, Alin Albai, Bogdan Timar, Daniela Cipu, Lucian Vasiluță, Ovidiu Potre, and Romulus Timar. 2022. "Predictors of Epicardial Fat Volume Decrease after Dapagliflozin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes" Medicina 58, no. 1: 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010021