Relation between Handgrip Strength and Quality of Life in Patients with Arthritis in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Demographic and Clinical Characteristics
2.3. Measurement of HGS
2.4. Evaluation of HRQOL
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristics | Arthritis (n = 2365) | Control (n = 11,601) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 65.06 ± 0.25 | 54.87 ± 0.16 | <0.0001 * |
Sex | <0.0001 * | ||
Male | 21.79 (0.97) | 53.83 (0.45) | |
Female | 78.21 (0.97) | 46.17 (0.45) | |
HGS (kg) | 24.39 ± 0.2 | 32.54 ± 0.12 | <0.0001 * |
Weak HGS | 36.19 (1.16) | 18.84 (0.5) | <0.0001 * |
Low income | 36.93 (1.26) | 14.47 (0.54) | <0.0001 * |
Education ≥ 10 years | 33.47 (1.25) | 71.71 (0.7) | <0.0001 * |
Smoking | <0.0001 * | ||
Non smoker | 77.39 (1.05) | 53.68 (0.5) | |
Ex-smoker | 14.77 (0.88) | 25.6 (0.45) | |
Current smoker | 7.84 (0.73) | 20.72 (0.5) | |
Drinking | <0.0001 * | ||
Non | 44.35 (1.23) | 24.97 (0.52) | |
Low risk | 52.36 (1.25) | 65.1 (0.57) | |
High risk | 3.29 (0.48) | 9.93 (0.32) | |
Aerobic physical activity | 34.07 (1.19) | 44.29 (0.63) | <0.0001 * |
Diabetes mellitus | 19.75 (1.04) | 13.86 (0.38) | <0.0001 * |
Hypertension | 52.77 (1.19) | 35.2 (0.58) | <0.0001 * |
Hypercholesterolemia | 36.12 (1.11) | 24.26 (0.49) | <0.0001 * |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.93 ± 0.08 | 24.06 ± 0.04 | <0.0001 * |
Waist circumference (cm) | 85.25 ± 0.24 | 83.38 ± 0.11 | <.0001 * |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 125.63 ± 0.4 | 120.15 ± 0.21 | <0.0001 * |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.99 ± 0.24 | 77.35 ± 0.13 | <0.0001 * |
Glucose | 104.54 ± 0.63 | 103.56 ± 0.28 | 0.1489 |
Cholesterol | 193.19 ± 0.97 | 196.39 ± 0.44 | 0.0022 * |
High-density lipoprotein | 50.03 ± 0.32 | 50.13 ± 0.14 | 0.7748 |
EQ-5D | |||
Mobility | 40.53 (1.15) | 9.37 (0.33) | <0.0001 * |
Self-care | 9.09 (0.66) | 2.2 (0.15) | <0.0001 * |
Usual activities | 21.16 (0.95) | 4.84 (0.23) | <0.0001 * |
Pain/discomfort | 49.84 (1.21) | 18.24 (0.43) | <0.0001 * |
Anxiety/depression | 18.17 (0.95) | 7.13 (0.29) | <0.0001 * |
n | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | Model 3 § | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Controls | 11,601 | 32.54 ± 0.12 | 29.99 ± 0.08 | 30 ± 0.08 |
Patients with arthritis | 2365 | 24.39 ± 0.2 | 29.56 ± 0.14 | 29.54 ± 0.15 |
p-value | <0.0001 * | 0.0049 * | 0.0035 * |
n | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | Model 3 § | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Healthy controls with normal HGS | 9012 | 0.971 ± 0.001 | 0.956 ± 0.001 | 0.956 ± 0.001 |
Healthy controls with weak HGS | 2589 | 0.925 ± 0.003 | 0.933 ± 0.003 | 0.933 ± 0.003 |
Arthritis patients with normal HGS | 1438 | 0.889 ± 0.004 | 0.905 ± 0.004 | 0.905 ± 0.004 |
Arthritis patients with weak HGS | 927 | 0.829 ± 0.007 | 0.862 ± 0.006 | 0.862 ± 0.006 |
p-value | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * |
Dimension of the EQ-5D | Groups | Model 1 † | Model 2 ‡ | Model 3 § |
---|---|---|---|---|
Mobility | Healthy control with normal HGS | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Healthy control with weak HGS | 4.202 (3.642–4.847) | 1.976 (1.663–2.347) | 1.969 (1.659–2.337) | |
Arthritis patients with normal HGS | 7.521 (6.447–8.774) | 3.351 (2.811–3.994) | 3.367 (2.823–4.015) | |
Arthritis patients with weak HGS | 16.086 (13.524–19.134) | 4.608 (3.768–5.636) | 4.596 (3.758–5.62) | |
p-value | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | |
Self-care | Healthy control with normal HGS | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Healthy control with weak HGS | 5.233 (3.995–6.855) | 2.49 (1.808–3.429) | 2.466 (1.788–3.402) | |
Arthritis patients with normal HGS | 5.481 (3.981–7.547) | 2.619 (1.836–3.734) | 2.652 (1.857–3.787) | |
Arthritis patients with weak HGS | 12.349 (9.411–16.205) | 3.872 (2.754–5.445) | 3.866 (2.748–5.438) | |
p-value | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | |
Usual activity | Healthy control with normal HGS | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Healthy control with weak HGS | 4.106 (3.373–4.998) | 2.043 (1.626–2.567) | 2.036 (1.62–2.56) | |
Arthritis patients with normal HGS | 6.343 (5.188–7.754) | 3.066 (2.451–3.836) | 3.088 (2.466–3.868) | |
Arthritis patients with weak HGS | 11.744 (9.436–14.615) | 3.775 (2.942–4.844) | 3.763 (2.934–4.826) | |
p-value | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | |
Pain /discomfort | Healthy control with normal HGS | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Healthy control with weak HGS | 1.868 (1.651–2.115) | 1.426 (1.245–1.633) | 1.417 (1.237–1.624) | |
Arthritis patients with normal HGS | 4.434 (3.864–5.087) | 2.898 (2.505–3.351) | 2.901 (2.508–3.356) | |
Arthritis patients with weak HGS | 6.562 (5.514–7.809) | 3.663 (2.995–4.481) | 3.662 (2.993–4.48) | |
p-value | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | <.00001 * | |
Anxiety /depression | Healthy control with normal HGS | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) | 1 (ref.) |
Healthy control with weak HGS | 1.947 (1.656–2.289) | 1.464 (1.229–1.743) | 1.46 (1.226–1.739) | |
Arthritis patients with normal HGS | 3.088 (2.565–3.718) | 2.025 (1.656–2.475) | 2.029 (1.659–2.481) | |
Arthritis patients with weak HGS | 3.933 (3.186–4.856) | 2.205 (1.734–2.805) | 2.196 (1.726–2.794) | |
p-value | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * | <0.0001 * |
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Chang, S.-Y.; Han, B.-D.; Han, K.-D.; Park, H.-J.; Kang, S. Relation between Handgrip Strength and Quality of Life in Patients with Arthritis in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018. Medicina 2022, 58, 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020172
Chang S-Y, Han B-D, Han K-D, Park H-J, Kang S. Relation between Handgrip Strength and Quality of Life in Patients with Arthritis in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018. Medicina. 2022; 58(2):172. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020172
Chicago/Turabian StyleChang, So-Youn, Byoung-Duck Han, Kyung-Do Han, Hyo-Jin Park, and Seok Kang. 2022. "Relation between Handgrip Strength and Quality of Life in Patients with Arthritis in Korea: The Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2015–2018" Medicina 58, no. 2: 172. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58020172