A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey on Blood-Borne Infection Control among Romanian Dental Students
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Setting and Participants
2.2. The Survey
2.3. Study Group
2.4. Demographic Characteristics
2.5. Domain: Knowledge Data
2.6. Data Collection
3. Results
3.1. Demographic Data
3.2. Assessing the Perception of the Level of Knowledge on the Modes of Infection Transmission
3.3. Assessing the Perception of the Knowledge Level about the Persistence of HBV, HCV, and HIV on Surfaces
3.4. Assessing the Perception of the Knowledge Level about the Existence of the HBV Vaccine and Rapid Tests for HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections
3.5. Assessing the Perception of the Knowledge Level Regarding the Accidental Post-Exposure Protocol for HBV-, HCV-, and HIV-Infected Blood
3.6. Assessing the Perception of the Knowledge Level Regarding the Post-Exposure Attitude in the Case of a Patient Contaminated with HBV, HCV, or HIV and the Knowledge on the Technique of One-Hand Needle Cover
4. Discussion
4.1. Assessing the Perception of the Level of Knowledge on How to Transmit Infections
4.2. Assessing the Perception of the Level of Knowledge about the Persistence of HBV, HCV, and HIV on Surfaces
4.3. Assessing the Perception of the Level of Knowledge about the Existence of the HBV Vaccine
4.4. Evaluation of the Perception of the Level of Knowledge Regarding the Accidental Post-Exposure Protocol for HBV-, HCV-, HIV-Infected Patients and the Knowledge on the Technique of One-Hand Needle Cover
4.5. Study Limitations
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gender | Study Year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | M | p | r | Second | Third | p | r | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Q4 = Do you consider that blood-borne infections can be transmitted through direct contact? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 67 (32.36) | 42 (20.28) | 0.475 | 3.521 | 40 (19.32) | 69 (33.33) | 0.785 | 1.734 |
Agree | 46 (22.22) | 29 (14.00) | 29 (14.00) | 46 (22.22) | ||||
Undecided | 7 (3.38) | 9 (4.34) | 8 (3.86) | 8 (3.86) | ||||
Disagree | 4 (1.93) | 2 (0.96) | 2 (0.96) | 4 (1.93) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 0 | 1 (0.48) | 0 | 1 (0.48) | ||||
Q5 = Do you consider that blood-borne infections can be transmitted through indirect contact? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 20 (9.66) | 8 (3.86) | 0.336 | 4.558 | 8 (3.86) | 20 (9.66) | 0.463 | 3.597 |
Agree | 44 (21.25) | 24 (11.59) | 25 (12.07) | 43 (20.77) | ||||
Undecided | 26 (12.56) | 26 (12.56) | 18 (6.66) | 34 (16.42) | ||||
Disagree | 26 (12.56) | 20 (9.66) | 22 (10.62) | 24 (11.59) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 8 (3.86) | 5 (2.41) | 6 (2.89) | 7 (2.59) | ||||
Q6 = Do you consider that protection equipment is mandatory if the patient has no symptoms? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 89 (42.99) | 63 (30.43) | 0.348 | 4.456 | 70 (33.81) | 82 (39.61) | 0.001 * | 18.137 |
Agree | 29 (14.00) | 15 (7.24) | 5 (2.41) | 39 (18.84) | ||||
Undecided | 5 (2.41) | 3 (1.44) | 3 (1.44) | 5 (2.41) | ||||
Disagree | 0 | 2 (0.96) | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 1 (0.04) | 0 | 0 | 1 (0.48) | ||||
Q7 = Do you consider that the patient is obliged to announce to the doctor if he/she is suffering from an infectious disease? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 116 (56.03) | 75 (36.23) | 0.197 | 4.682 | 70 (33.81) | 121 (58.45) | 0.340 | 3.358 |
Agree | 7 (3.38) | 4 (1.93) | 7 (3.38) | 4 (1.93) | ||||
Undecided | 0 | 3 (1.44) | 1 (0.48) | 2 (0.96) | ||||
Disagree | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||||
Q8 = Do you consider that, in general, all patients should be treated as infected? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 81 (39.13) | 50 (2.41) | 0.495 | 3.387 | 47 (22.70) | 84 (40.57) | 0.633 | 2.564 |
Agree | 28 (13.52) | 23 (11.11) | 20 (9.66) | 31 (114.81) | ||||
Undecided | 12 (5.79) | 5 (2.41) | 7 (2.59) | 10 (4.83) | ||||
Disagree | 2 (0.96) | 4 (1.93) | 4 (1.93) | 2 (0.96) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) | 1 (0.48) |
Gender | Study Year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | M | p | r | Second | Third | p | r | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Q9 = What is the persistence time of HBV on a surface? | ||||||||
A few minutes | 11 (5.31) | 12 (5.79) | 0.159 | 5.184 | 6 (2.89) | 17 (8.21) | 0.083 | 6.680 |
A few hours | 42 (20.28) | 34 (16.42) | 24 (11.59) | 52 (25.12) | ||||
Less than 3 days | 45 (21.73) | 28 (13.52) | 36 (17.39) | 37 (17.87) | ||||
More than 7 days | 26 (12.56) | 9 (4.34) | 13 (6.28) | 22 (10.62) | ||||
Q10 = What is the persistence time of HCV on a surface? | ||||||||
A few seconds | 3 (1.41) | 9 (4.34) | 0.039 * | 8.376 | 2 (0.96) | 10 (4.83) | 0.423 | 2.804 |
A few minutes | 20 (9.66) | 18 (8.69) | 16 (7.72) | 22 (10.62) | ||||
At most 10 h | 67 (32.36) | 39 (18.84) | 40 (19.32) | 66 (31.88) | ||||
At least 16 h | 34 (16.42) | 17 (8.21) | 21 (10.14) | 30 (14.49) | ||||
Q11 = What is the persistence time of HIV on a surface? | ||||||||
A few seconds | 11 (5.31) | 15 (7.24) | 0.023 * | 9.576 | 10 (4.83) | 16 (7.72) | 0.071 | 7.042 |
Less than 30 min | 20 (9.66) | 15 (7.24) | 20 (9.66) | 15 (7.24) | ||||
Less than 60 min | 41 (19.80) | 34 (16.42) | 27 (13.04) | 48 (23.18) | ||||
More than 90 min | 52 (25.12) | 19 (9.17) | 22 (10.62) | 49 (23.67) |
Gender | Study Year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | M | p | r | Second | Third | p | r | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Q12 = Does a vaccine against hepatitis B virus exist? | ||||||||
Yes | 87 (42.02) | 62 (29.95) | 0.475 | 1.490 | 65 (31.40) | 84 (40.57) | 0.035 * | 6.727 |
No | 11 (5.31) | 9 (4.34) | 5 (2.41) | 15 (7.24) | ||||
I do not know | 26 (12.56) | 12 (5.79) | 9 (4.34) | 29 (14.00) | ||||
Q13 = Do you know that quick tests exist for detecting HBV infection? | ||||||||
Yes | 73 (35.26) | 60 (28.98) | 0.072 | 5.261 | 53 (25.60) | 80 (38.64) | 0.749 | 0.578 |
No | 9 (4.34) | 7 (3.38) | 5 (2.41) | 11 (5.31) | ||||
I do not know | 42 (20.28) | 16 (7.72) | 21 (10.14) | 37 (17.87) | ||||
Q14 = Do you know that quick tests exist for detecting HCV infection? | ||||||||
Yes | 63 (30.43) | 39 (18.84) | 0.144 | 3.876 | 32 (15.45) | 70 (33.81) | 0.077 | 5.139 |
No | 11 (5.31) | 15 (7.24) | 14 (6.76) | 12 (5.79) | ||||
I do not know | 50 (24.15) | 29 (14.00) | 33 (15.94) | 46 (22.22) | ||||
Q15 = Do you know that quick tests exist for detecting HIV infection? | ||||||||
Yes | 78 (37.68) | 47 (22.70) | 0.151 | 5.297 | 54 (26.08) | 71 (34.29) | 0.282 | 3.815 |
No | 18 (8.69) | 22 (10.62) | 12 (5.79) | 28 (13.52) | ||||
I do not know | 27 (13.04) | 14 (6.76) | 13 (6.28) | 28 (13.52) |
Gender | Study Year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | M | p | r | Second | Third | p | r | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Q16 = Do you consider that you know the post-exposure protocol in the case of existence of contact with a HBV-infected person? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 33 (15.94) | 34 (16.42) | 0.131 | 7.090 | 49 (23.67) | 18 (8.69) | 0.000 * | 54.529 |
Agree | 29 (14.00) | 21 (10.14) | 12 (5.79) | 38 (18.35) | ||||
Undecided | 29 (14.00) | 16 (7.72) | 11 (5.31) | 34 (16.42) | ||||
Disagree | 21 (10.14) | 7 (3.38) | 2 (0.96) | 26 (12.56) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 12 (5.79) | 5 (2.41) | 5 (2.41) | 12 (5.79) | ||||
Q17 = Do you consider that you know the post-exposure protocol in the case of existence of contact with a HCV-infected person? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 26 (12.56) | 37 (17.87) | 0.005 * | 15.031 | 45 (21.73) | 18 (8.69) | 0.000 * | 48.237 |
Agree | 31 (14.97) | 19 (9.17) | 17 (8.21) | 33 (15.94) | ||||
Undecided | 31 (14.97) | 15 (7.24) | 11 (5.31) | 35 (16.90) | ||||
Disagree | 21 (10.14) | 8 (3.86) | 2 (0.96) | 27 (13.04) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 15 (7.24) | 4 (1.92) | 4 (1.93) | 15 (7.240 | ||||
Q18 = Do you consider that you know the post-exposure protocol in the case of existence of contact with a HIV-infected person? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 36 (17.39) | 40 (19.32) | 0.016 * | 12.177 | 53 (25.60) | 23 (11.11) | 0.000 * | 54.574 |
Agree | 35 (16.90) | 17 (8.21) | 12 (5.79) | 40 (19.32) | ||||
Undecided | 23 (11.11) | 18 (8.69) | 11 (5.31) | 30 (14.49) | ||||
Disagree | 20 (9.66) | 5 (2.41) | 1 (0.48) | 24 (11.59) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 10 (4.83) | 3 (1.44) | 2 (0.96) | 11 (5.31) |
Gender | Study Year | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F | M | p | r | Second | Third | p | r | |
N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||||
Q19 = The post-exposure protocol implies testing for HBV, HCV, and HIV at the following intervals of time. | 23 | |||||||
Immediately, at 3 months, and at 6 months | 72 (34.78) | 32 (15.45) | 0.019 * | 11.737 | 37 (17.87) | 67 (32.36) | 0.752 | 1.910 |
At 3 and at 6 months if the patient has no symptoms | 12 (5.79) | 15 (7.24) | 9 (4.34) | 18 (8.690) | ||||
At 3 months, at 6 months and at 9 months if the patient has no symptoms | 19 (9.17) | 22 (10.62) | 19 (9.17) | 22 (10.62) | ||||
I do not know | 19 (9.17) | 10 (4.83) | 12 (5.79) | 17 (8.21) | ||||
I am not testing | 2 (0.96) | 4 (1.93) | 2 (0.96) | 4 (1.93) | ||||
Q20 = Do you consider that the one-hand covering technique of the needle is efficient in preventing blood-borne infections? | ||||||||
Strongly agree | 36 (17.39) | 42 (20.28) | 0.020 * | 11.643 | 40 (19.32) | 38 (18.35) | 0.000 * | 22.679 |
Agree | 46 (22.22) | 17 (8.21) | 29 (14.00) | 34 (16.42) | ||||
Undecided | 25 (12.07) | 12 (5.79) | 7 (3.38) | 30 (14.49) | ||||
Disagree | 12 (5.79) | 9 (4.34) | 2 (0.96) | 19 (9.17) | ||||
Strongly disagree | 5 (2.41) | 3 (1.44) | 1 (0.48) | 7 (3.38) | ||||
Q21 = What is the optimal time to access the epidemiological service after accidental exposure to blood-contaminated objects? | ||||||||
At least one day | 36 (17.39) | 22 (10.62) | 0.380 | 4.196 | 28 (13.52) | 30 (14.49) | 0.164 | 6.514 |
At most one day | 45 (21.73) | 32 (15.45) | 22 (10.62) | 55 (26.57) | ||||
Not more than one hour | 23 (11.11) | 20 (9.66) | 17 (8.21) | 26 (12.56) | ||||
Not more than one week | 15 (7.24) | 4 (1.93) | 9 (4.34) | 10 (4.83) | ||||
Not more than 3 months when we perform analyzes | 5 (2.41) | 5 (2.41) | 3 (1.44) | 7 (3.38) |
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Saveanu, C.I.; Dărăbăneanu, G.; Bobu, L.I.; Anistoroaei, D.; Bamboi, I.; Ciortescu, I.; Saveanu, A.E. A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey on Blood-Borne Infection Control among Romanian Dental Students. Medicina 2022, 58, 1268. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091268
Saveanu CI, Dărăbăneanu G, Bobu LI, Anistoroaei D, Bamboi I, Ciortescu I, Saveanu AE. A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey on Blood-Borne Infection Control among Romanian Dental Students. Medicina. 2022; 58(9):1268. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091268
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaveanu, Catalina Iulia, Gianina Dărăbăneanu, Livia Ionela Bobu, Daniela Anistoroaei, Irina Bamboi, Irina Ciortescu, and Alexandra Ecaterina Saveanu. 2022. "A Cross-Sectional Questionnaire-Based Survey on Blood-Borne Infection Control among Romanian Dental Students" Medicina 58, no. 9: 1268. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58091268