Epileptogenesis and Tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma: Which Relationship?
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Current Evidence on the Pathogenesis of GBM-Related Epilepsy
2.1. Aberrant Glutamate Release by Glioma Cells Promotes Both Epileptogenesis and Tumor Growth
2.2. Low Expression of Glutamine Synthetase (GS) as a Marker of Epilepsy and Overall Survival in GBM
2.3. γ-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA)-Ergic Signaling Promotes Epileptogenesis but Slows Tumor Progression
2.4. Altered Aquaporin-4 Channel Expression May Favor Epileptogenesis and Glioma Invasiveness
2.5. Decreased Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α (HIF-1α)/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 5B (STAT5B) Signaling May Promote Epileptogenesis and Reduce Hypoxia-Induced Tumor Growth
3. Discussion and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
STUDIED MECHANISMS |
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CHALLENGES |
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References
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Rossi, J.; Cavallieri, F.; Biagini, G.; Rizzi, R.; Russo, M.; Cozzi, S.; Giaccherini, L.; Pisanello, A.; Valzania, F. Epileptogenesis and Tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma: Which Relationship? Medicina 2022, 58, 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101349
Rossi J, Cavallieri F, Biagini G, Rizzi R, Russo M, Cozzi S, Giaccherini L, Pisanello A, Valzania F. Epileptogenesis and Tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma: Which Relationship? Medicina. 2022; 58(10):1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101349
Chicago/Turabian StyleRossi, Jessica, Francesco Cavallieri, Giuseppe Biagini, Romana Rizzi, Marco Russo, Salvatore Cozzi, Lucia Giaccherini, Anna Pisanello, and Franco Valzania. 2022. "Epileptogenesis and Tumorigenesis in Glioblastoma: Which Relationship?" Medicina 58, no. 10: 1349. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58101349