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Metabolites
Volume 9
Issue 11
10.3390/metabo9110253
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Article

Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula

by
Miya Su
1,†,
Arvind K. Subbaraj
2,*,†,
Karl Fraser
2,3,4,
Xiaoyan Qi
1,
Hongxin Jia
1,
Wenliang Chen
1,
Mariza Gomes Reis
2,
Mike Agnew
2,
Li Day
2,
Nicole C. Roy
2,3,4 and
Wayne Young
2,3,4
1
State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy and Food Co. Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China
2
AgResearch Ltd., Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
3
Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand
4
High-Value Nutrition National Science Challenge, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Metabolites 2019, 9(11), 253; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253
Submission received: 27 September 2019 / Revised: 17 October 2019 / Accepted: 18 October 2019 / Published: 28 October 2019
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Abstract

Holistic benefits of human milk to infants, particularly brain development and cognitive behavior, have stipulated that infant formula be tailored in composition like human milk. However, the composition of human milk, especially lipids, and their effects on brain development is complex and not fully elucidated. We evaluated brain lipidome profiles in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula using non-targeted UHPLC-MS techniques. We also compared the lipid composition of human milk and infant formula using conventional GC-FID and HPLC-ELSD techniques. The sphingomyelin class of lipids was significantly higher in brains of rats fed human milk. Lipid species mainly comprising saturated or mono-unsaturated C18 fatty acids contributed significantly higher percentages to their respective classes in human milk compared to infant formula fed samples. In contrast, PUFAs contributed significantly higher percentages in brains of formula fed samples. Differences between human milk and formula lipids included minor fatty acids such as C8:0 and C12:0, which were higher in formula, and C16:1 and C18:1 n11, which were higher in human milk. Formula also contained higher levels of low- to medium-carbon triacylglycerols, whereas human milk had higher levels of high-carbon triacylglycerols. All phospholipid classes, and ceramides, were higher in formula. We show that brain lipid composition differs in weanling rats fed human milk or infant formula, but dietary lipid compositions do not necessarily manifest in the brain lipidome.
Keywords: human milk; infant formula; lipids; composition; rat; brain; lipidomics human milk; infant formula; lipids; composition; rat; brain; lipidomics

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MDPI and ACS Style

Su, M.; Subbaraj, A.K.; Fraser, K.; Qi, X.; Jia, H.; Chen, W.; Gomes Reis, M.; Agnew, M.; Day, L.; Roy, N.C.; et al. Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula. Metabolites 2019, 9, 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253

AMA Style

Su M, Subbaraj AK, Fraser K, Qi X, Jia H, Chen W, Gomes Reis M, Agnew M, Day L, Roy NC, et al. Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula. Metabolites. 2019; 9(11):253. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253

Chicago/Turabian Style

Su, Miya, Arvind K. Subbaraj, Karl Fraser, Xiaoyan Qi, Hongxin Jia, Wenliang Chen, Mariza Gomes Reis, Mike Agnew, Li Day, Nicole C. Roy, and et al. 2019. "Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula" Metabolites 9, no. 11: 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253

APA Style

Su, M., Subbaraj, A. K., Fraser, K., Qi, X., Jia, H., Chen, W., Gomes Reis, M., Agnew, M., Day, L., Roy, N. C., & Young, W. (2019). Lipidomics of Brain Tissues in Rats Fed Human Milk from Chinese Mothers or Commercial Infant Formula. Metabolites, 9(11), 253. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo9110253

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