Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Immunopathology of Schistosoma mansoni Infection
2.1. The Host Immune Response
2.2. The Granuloma Architecture
3. Eosinophil Dynamics within the Granuloma
3.1. Eosinophil Recruitment and Accumulation
3.2. Differential Distribution of Eosinophils within the Granuloma
3.3. Are Eosinophils Produced Locally in Schistosoma mansoni Granulomas?
3.4. Eosinophil Degranulation Mechanisms
3.5. Eosinophil Interaction with Other Cell Populations
4. Eosinophils in Natural Models of Schistosomiasis
5. Eosinophils in Schistosoma mansoni Infection: Effector or Immunomodulatory Cells?
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations:
ΔdblGATA | Lineage-ablated delta bone marrow progenitors |
BALB/C | Albin Laboratory-Mouse |
Bregs | Lymphocyte B Regulatory |
CCL2 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 2 |
CCL3 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 3 |
CCL4 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 4 |
CCL5 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5 |
CCL7 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 7 |
CCL11 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 11 |
CCL17 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 17 |
CCL22 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 22 |
CCL24 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 24 |
CCL26 | C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 26 |
CD11c | Marker for dendritic cells |
CD4+ T | Lymphocyte T Cluster of Differentiation 4 |
ECM | Extracellular Matrix |
ECP | Eosinophil Cationic Protein |
EDN | Eosinophil-Derived Neurotoxin |
EP | Exudative-Productive stage of granuloma development |
EPO | Eosinophil Peroxidase |
GM-CSF | Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor |
IL | Interleukin |
IL-1 | Interleukin Type 1 |
IL-2 | Interleukin Type 2 |
IL-4 | Interleukin Type 4 |
IL-5 | Interleukin Type 5 |
IL-6 | Interleukin Type 6 |
IL-10 | Interleukin Type 10 |
IL-12 | Interleukin Type 12 |
IL-13 | Interleukin Type 13 |
IL-17 | Interleukin Type 17 |
IL-33 | Interleukin Type 33 |
IL-4Rα | Interleukin Type 4 Receptor-Alpha |
IL-5Rα | Interleukin 5 Receptor Alpha |
IFN-γ | Interferon Gamma |
MBP | Major Basic Protein |
MIF | Migration inhibitory factor |
MMP9 | Matrix Metallopeptidase 9 |
NE | Necrotic-Exudative stage of granuloma development |
P | Productive stage of granuloma development |
PE | Pre-Granulomatous Exudative stage of granuloma development |
PMD | Piecemeal Degranulation |
RELM-α | Resistin-Like Molecule-alpha |
SEA | Soluble Egg Antigens |
TEM | Transmission Electron Microscopy |
TGF-α | Transforming Growth Factor alpha |
TGF-β | Transforming Growth Factor beta |
TgPHIL | Transgenic mice that lack eosinophils |
Th1 | Lymphocyte T Helper Type 1 |
Th2 | Lymphocyte T Helper Type 2 |
TNF-α | Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha |
Tregs | Lymphocyte T Regulatory |
WSI | Whole Slide Image |
WT | Wild-Type |
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Malta, K.K.; Palazzi, C.; Neves, V.H.; Aguiar, Y.; Silva, T.P.; Melo, R.C.N. Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context. Microorganisms 2022, 10, 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102022
Malta KK, Palazzi C, Neves VH, Aguiar Y, Silva TP, Melo RCN. Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context. Microorganisms. 2022; 10(10):2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102022
Chicago/Turabian StyleMalta, Kássia K., Cinthia Palazzi, Vitor H. Neves, Yasmin Aguiar, Thiago P. Silva, and Rossana C. N. Melo. 2022. "Schistosomiasis Mansoni-Recruited Eosinophils: An Overview in the Granuloma Context" Microorganisms 10, no. 10: 2022. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10102022