Developing a Chromatographic 99mTc Generator Based on Mesoporous Alumina for Industrial Radiotracer Applications: A Potential New Generation Sorbent for Using Low-Specific-Activity 99Mo
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Solution pH
2.2. Thermodynamic Studies
2.3. Adsorption Isotherms
2.4. Preparation of 99Mo/99mTc Generator
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Materials
3.2. Instrumentation
3.3. Static Equilibrium Studies
Data Presentation
3.4. Application of Mesoporous Alumina in Preparing a 99Mo/99mTc Generator
3.5. Elution Performance of 99mTc Eluate
3.6. Recovery of 99Mo from the Spent Generator
4. Summary and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Sample Availability
Abbreviations
AA | Alfa Aesar |
M | Merk |
N.A | Not Available |
SA | Sigma-Aldrich |
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Adsorbent | Temperature (K) | ΔG° (kJ/mol) | ΔH° (kJ/mol) | ΔS° (kJ/mol∙K) |
---|---|---|---|---|
M-Sauer | 298 | −10.508 | −8.934 | 0.005 |
313 | −10.588 | |||
323 | −10.640 | |||
333 | −10.693 | |||
AA-11501 | 298 | −10.602 | −7.225 | 0.011 |
313 | −10.772 | |||
323 | −10.885 | |||
333 | −10.998 | |||
SA-267740 | 298 | −9.563 | 5.877 | 0.052 |
313 | −10.340 | |||
323 | −10.859 | |||
333 | −11.377 | |||
SA-199966 | 298 | −9.503 | 9.208 | 0.063 |
313 | −10.444 | |||
323 | −11.072 | |||
333 | −11.700 | |||
SA-517747 | 298 | −10.405 | 22.132 | 0.109 |
313 | −12.043 | |||
323 | −13.135 | |||
333 | −14.227 | |||
SA-544833 | 298 | −10.975 | 4.089 | 0.051 |
313 | −11.733 | |||
323 | −12.238 | |||
333 | −12.744 | |||
SA-799300 | 298 | −9.787 | 7.756 | 0.059 |
313 | −10.670 | |||
323 | −11.258 | |||
333 | −11.847 |
Isotherm Model | Parameter | M-Sauer | AA-11501 | SA-267740 | SA-199966 | SA-517747 | SA-544833 | SA-799300 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Freundlich | nf | 5.046 | 4.332 | 4.484 | 5.485 | 4.637 | 4.561 | 5.066 |
Kf (mg1−nLn/g) | 11,698.05 | 10,581.47 | 9779.30 | 12,073.05 | 19,643.67 | 11,720.94 | 12,051.36 | |
R2 | 0.93 | 0.96 | 0.97 | 0.96 | 0.99 | 0.98 | 0.95 | |
Langmuir | nL (mg/g) | 53,211.56 | 58,393.90 | 55,956.60 | 45,611.11 | 99,583.12 | 64,505.84 | 53,278.67 |
KL (L/mg) | 0.0234 | 0.0253 | 0.0115 | 0.0350 | 0.0290 | 0.0152 | 0.0258 | |
R2 | 0.94 | 0.8 | 0.89 | 0.83 | 0.9 | 0.94 | 0.89 | |
Temkin | AT (L/g) | 1.5688 | 1.48864 | 11.7524 | 22.3752 | 9.66192 | 2.26332 | 1.983 |
bT (KJ/mol) | 0.00428 | 0.00376 | 0.00588 | 0.00665 | 0.00293 | 0.00395 | 0.00431 | |
R2 | 0.97 | 0.92 | 0.81 | 0.88 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.98 |
Elution No. | 99mTc Growth Period, h | Quality Control of the Eluted 99mTc | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
99mTc Elution Yield, % | R.C. Purity, (99mTcO4−, %) | Chemical Purity | |||
Al Content, µg/mL | pH Value | ||||
1 | 24 | 84.6 | >99 | <1 | 6 |
2 | 24 | 84.5 | 6 | ||
3 | 24 | 85.0 | 6 | ||
4 | 24 | 84.6 | 6 | ||
5 | 24 | 83.7 | 6 | ||
6 | 24 | 85.0 | 6 | ||
7 | 24 | 83.8 | 6 | ||
8 | 24 | 83.5 | 6 | ||
9 | 24 | 83.4 | 6.5 | ||
10 | 48 | 84.0 | 6.5 | ||
12 | 24 | 82.9 | 6.5 |
No. | Name | Supplier | Description | Particle Size | Surface Area | pH |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | M-Neutral | Merck | Activity stage I, neutral | 63–200 µm | 120 m2/g | 6.8–7.8 |
2 | M-Sauer | Merck | Activity stage I, acidic | 63–200 µm | 120 m2/g | 3.5–4.5 |
3 | AA-11501 | Alfa Aesar | Activated, acidic | 60 mesh | 150 m2/g | 4.5 ± 0.5 |
4 | AA-46064 | Alfa Aesar | Activated, acidic | 50–200 µm | N.A | N.A |
5 | AA-11502 | Alfa Aesar | Activated, neutral | 60 mesh | 150 m2/g | N.A |
6 | SA-267740 | Sigma-Aldrich | Weakly acidic | 150 mesh | 155 m2/g | 6.0 |
7 | SA-199966 | Sigma-Aldrich | Activated, acidic | 50–300 mesh | 155 m2/g | 4.5 ± 0.5 |
8 | SA-769290 | Sigma-Aldrich | Ultra-dry | 63 µm | 120–190 m2/g | N.A |
9 | SA-199974 | Sigma-Aldrich | Activated, neutral | 40–160 µm | 205 m2/g | 7.0 ± 0.5 |
10 | SA-517747 | Sigma-Aldrich | Nano mesoporous (Pore size = 3.8 nm) | N.A | N.A | N.A |
11 | SA-544833 | Sigma-Aldrich | Nanopowder | <50 nm | >40 m2/g | N.A |
12 | SA-799300 | Sigma-Aldrich | Activated, acidic | 50–300 mesh | 155 m2/g | 4.5 ± 0.5 |
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Nawar, M.F.; El-Daoushy, A.F.; Ashry, A.; Türler, A. Developing a Chromatographic 99mTc Generator Based on Mesoporous Alumina for Industrial Radiotracer Applications: A Potential New Generation Sorbent for Using Low-Specific-Activity 99Mo. Molecules 2022, 27, 5667. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175667
Nawar MF, El-Daoushy AF, Ashry A, Türler A. Developing a Chromatographic 99mTc Generator Based on Mesoporous Alumina for Industrial Radiotracer Applications: A Potential New Generation Sorbent for Using Low-Specific-Activity 99Mo. Molecules. 2022; 27(17):5667. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175667
Chicago/Turabian StyleNawar, Mohamed F., Alaa F. El-Daoushy, Ahmed Ashry, and Andreas Türler. 2022. "Developing a Chromatographic 99mTc Generator Based on Mesoporous Alumina for Industrial Radiotracer Applications: A Potential New Generation Sorbent for Using Low-Specific-Activity 99Mo" Molecules 27, no. 17: 5667. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27175667