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Review

Progress towards Sustainable Control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Olive Groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy)

by
Marco Scortichini
1,*,
Stefania Loreti
2,
Nicoletta Pucci
2,
Valeria Scala
2,
Giuseppe Tatulli
2,
Dimitri Verweire
3,
Michael Oehl
3,
Urs Widmer
3,
Josep Massana Codina
3,
Peter Hertl
3,
Gianluigi Cesari
4,
Monica De Caroli
5,
Federica Angilè
5,
Danilo Migoni
5,
Laura Del Coco
5,
Chiara Roberta Girelli
5,
Giuseppe Dalessandro
5 and
Francesco Paolo Fanizzi
5
1
Research Centre for Olive, Fruit Trees and Citrus Crops, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00134 Roma, Italy
2
Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), 00156 Roma, Italy
3
Invaio Sciences, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
4
Agrifound Italia, 50122 Firenze, Italy
5
Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Monteroni-Lecce, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Pathogens 2021, 10(6), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060668
Submission received: 28 April 2021 / Revised: 19 May 2021 / Accepted: 26 May 2021 / Published: 29 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress on Understanding and Management of Xylella fastidiosa Infections)
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Abstract

Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca is the causal agent of “olive quick decline syndrome” in Salento (Apulia, Italy). On April 2015, we started interdisciplinary studies to provide a sustainable control strategy for this pathogen that threatens the multi-millennial olive agroecosystem of Salento. Confocal laser scanning microscopy and fluorescence quantification showed that a zinc-copper-citric acid biocomplex—Dentamet®—reached the olive xylem tissue either after the spraying of the canopy or injection into the trunk, demonstrating its effective systemicity. The biocomplex showed in vitro bactericidal activity towards all X. fastidiosa subspecies. A mid-term evaluation of the control strategy performed in some olive groves of Salento indicated that this biocomplex significantly reduced both the symptoms and X. f. subsp. pauca cell concentration within the leaves of the local cultivars Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò. The treated trees started again to yield. A 1H-NMR metabolomic approach revealed, upon the treatments, a consistent increase in malic acid and γ-aminobutyrate for Ogliarola salentina and Cellina di Nardò trees, respectively. A novel endotherapy technique allowed injection of Dentamet® at low pressure directly into the vascular system of the tree and is currently under study for the promotion of resprouting in severely attacked trees. There are currently more than 700 ha of olive groves in Salento where this strategy is being applied to control X. f. subsp. pauca. These results collectively demonstrate an efficient, simple, low-cost, and environmentally sustainable strategy to control this pathogen in Salento.
Keywords: olive quick decline syndrome; real-time PCR; NMR metabolomic; endotherapy; sustainable development goals of the United Nations olive quick decline syndrome; real-time PCR; NMR metabolomic; endotherapy; sustainable development goals of the United Nations

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MDPI and ACS Style

Scortichini, M.; Loreti, S.; Pucci, N.; Scala, V.; Tatulli, G.; Verweire, D.; Oehl, M.; Widmer, U.; Codina, J.M.; Hertl, P.; et al. Progress towards Sustainable Control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Olive Groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy). Pathogens 2021, 10, 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060668

AMA Style

Scortichini M, Loreti S, Pucci N, Scala V, Tatulli G, Verweire D, Oehl M, Widmer U, Codina JM, Hertl P, et al. Progress towards Sustainable Control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Olive Groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy). Pathogens. 2021; 10(6):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060668

Chicago/Turabian Style

Scortichini, Marco, Stefania Loreti, Nicoletta Pucci, Valeria Scala, Giuseppe Tatulli, Dimitri Verweire, Michael Oehl, Urs Widmer, Josep Massana Codina, Peter Hertl, and et al. 2021. "Progress towards Sustainable Control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Olive Groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy)" Pathogens 10, no. 6: 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060668

APA Style

Scortichini, M., Loreti, S., Pucci, N., Scala, V., Tatulli, G., Verweire, D., Oehl, M., Widmer, U., Codina, J. M., Hertl, P., Cesari, G., De Caroli, M., Angilè, F., Migoni, D., Del Coco, L., Girelli, C. R., Dalessandro, G., & Fanizzi, F. P. (2021). Progress towards Sustainable Control of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca in Olive Groves of Salento (Apulia, Italy). Pathogens, 10(6), 668. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10060668

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