Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833
Agent | Manufacturer | Shell Composition | Gas Core Composition | Mean Bubble Diameter (µm) | Bubble Concentration (Bubbles/mL) | Use in Identified Studies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definity®/Luminity® | Lantheus Medical Imaging | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.1–3.3 | 1.2 × 1010 | Used in n = 42 preclinical studies (typical doses: 10–20 µL/kg) and n = 6 clinical studies (typical dose: 4 µL/kg) |
Optison® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | SF6 | 2.0–4.5 | 5–8 × 108 | Used in n = 14 preclinical studies (typical doses: 50–100 µL/kg but significantly varied in mouse studies) |
SonoVue®/Lumason® | Bracco Diagnostics | Lipid-protein | C3F8 | 2.5 | 1–5 × 108 | Used in n = 29 preclinical studies (typical doses 25–150 µL/kg) and n = 2 clinical studies (typical dose: 100 µL/kg) |
Usphere Prime® | Trust Bio-sonics | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.0 | 2.8 × 1010 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
Sonazoid® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | C4F10 | 2.0–3.0 | 9 × 108 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
Agent | Manufacturer | Shell Composition | Gas Core Composition | Mean Bubble Diameter (µm) | Bubble Concentration (Bubbles/mL) | Use in Identified Studies |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Definity®/Luminity® | Lantheus Medical Imaging | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.1–3.3 | 1.2 × 1010 | Used in n = 42 preclinical studies (typical doses: 10–20 µL/kg) and n = 6 clinical studies (typical dose: 4 µL/kg) |
Optison® | GE Healthcare | Protein | C3F8 | 3.0–4.5 | 5–8 × 108 | Used in n = 14 preclinical studies (typical doses: 50–100 µL/kg but significantly varied in mice studies) |
SonoVue®/Lumason® | Bracco Diagnostics | Lipid | SF6 | 1.5–2.5 | 1.5–5.6 × 108 | Used in n = 29 preclinical studies (typical doses 25–150 µL/kg) and n = 2 clinical studies (typical dose: 100 µL/kg) |
Usphere Prime® | Trust Bio-sonics | Lipid | C3F8 | 1.0 | 2.8 × 1010 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
Sonazoid® | GE Healthcare | Lipid | C4F10 | 2.0–3.0 | 9 × 108 | Used in n = 1 preclinical study |
Reference
- Gandhi, K.; Barzegar-Fallah, A.; Banstola, A.; Rizwan, S.B.; Reynolds, J.N.J. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
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Gandhi, K.; Barzegar-Fallah, A.; Banstola, A.; Rizwan, S.B.; Reynolds, J.N.J. Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833. Pharmaceutics 2023, 15, 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005
Gandhi K, Barzegar-Fallah A, Banstola A, Rizwan SB, Reynolds JNJ. Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833. Pharmaceutics. 2023; 15(1):5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005
Chicago/Turabian StyleGandhi, Kushan, Anita Barzegar-Fallah, Ashik Banstola, Shakila B. Rizwan, and John N. J. Reynolds. 2023. "Correction: Gandhi et al. Ultrasound-Mediated Blood–Brain Barrier Disruption for Drug Delivery: A Systematic Review of Protocols, Efficacy, and Safety Outcomes from Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Pharmaceutics 2022, 14, 833" Pharmaceutics 15, no. 1: 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15010005