Esterification of Lignin Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Fatty Acid Chloride, and Its Composite Film with Poly(lactic acid)
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Lignin Isolation
2.3. Lignin Esterification
2.4. Preparation of Composite Film
2.5. Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
2.6. Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC)
2.7. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
2.8. Morphology
2.9. Phase Analysis
2.10. Tensile Testing
2.11. Water Absorption
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Code | Loading of PC * (Equivalent/Lignin OH) | Mn (g/mol) | Mw (g/mol) | PDI (Mn/Mw) |
---|---|---|---|---|
DL | - | 1943 | 6580 | 3.4 |
EDL(0.5) | 0.5 | 2541 | 9177 | 3.6 |
EDL(1.0) | 1.0 | 2149 | 11,704 | 5.5 |
EDL(1.5) | 1.5 | 2088 | 13,659 | 6.5 |
Sample | Maximum Water Absorption Amount (%) | Diffusion Coefficient | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Short-Term (Ds) | Long-Term (Dl) | ||||
Ds × 1012/m2 s−1 | R2 | Dl × 1012/m2 s−1 | R2 | ||
Neat PLA | 1.8 | 10.6 | 0.978 | 5.0 | 0.920 |
DL/PLA (10/90) | 2.7 | 4.6 | 0.999 | 2.0 | 0.993 |
DL/PLA (30/70) | 3.7 | 3.7 | 0.990 | 1.2 | 0.987 |
DL/PLA (50/50) | 4.2 | 3.3 | 0.989 | 0.9 | 0.994 |
EDL(1.5)/PLA (10/90) | 1.9 | 2.1 | 0.994 | 1.2 | 0.927 |
EDL(1.5)/PLA (30/70) | 1.5 | 3.0 | 0.995 | 1.3 | 0.986 |
EDL(1.5)/PLA (50/50) | 1.2 | 2.6 | 0.989 | 0.9 | 0.967 |
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Park, C.-W.; Han, S.-Y.; Bandi, R.; Dadigala, R.; Lee, E.-A.; Kim, J.-K.; Cindradewi, A.W.; Kwon, G.-J.; Lee, S.-H. Esterification of Lignin Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Fatty Acid Chloride, and Its Composite Film with Poly(lactic acid). Polymers 2021, 13, 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132149
Park C-W, Han S-Y, Bandi R, Dadigala R, Lee E-A, Kim J-K, Cindradewi AW, Kwon G-J, Lee S-H. Esterification of Lignin Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Fatty Acid Chloride, and Its Composite Film with Poly(lactic acid). Polymers. 2021; 13(13):2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132149
Chicago/Turabian StylePark, Chan-Woo, Song-Yi Han, Rajkumar Bandi, Ramakrishna Dadigala, Eun-Ah Lee, Jeong-Ki Kim, Azelia Wulan Cindradewi, Gu-Joong Kwon, and Seung-Hwan Lee. 2021. "Esterification of Lignin Isolated by Deep Eutectic Solvent Using Fatty Acid Chloride, and Its Composite Film with Poly(lactic acid)" Polymers 13, no. 13: 2149. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13132149