Search Results (198)

Background: Dental patient-centred outcomes are essential in clinical practice and research. To enhance feasibility, Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) instruments often need to reduce administration time. In Serbia, longer OHIP versions exist (OHIP-14, OHIP-EDENT), but the ultrashort OHIP-5 has not yet been available. Aim: This cross-sectional study aimed to translate, culturally adapt, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the five-item Serbian version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP5-Srb). Materials and Methods: The OHIP5-Srb was translated using a standard forward–backward procedure. Participants were recruited between June and September 2025 using a convenience sampling approach. Psychometric testing—including internal consistency, exploratory (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and convergent and known-groups validity—was conducted on 236 participants (mean age 47.4 years). Test–retest reliability was evaluated in 35 dental students, and responsiveness in 45 patients undergoing dental treatment. Results: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.784, indicating adequate internal consistency. Test–retest reliability was excellent (mean ICC = 0.96; all inter-item correlations > 0.20). Convergent validity was supported by a strong negative correlation between OHIP5-Srb summary scores and a single-item measure of overall oral/dental health (Spearman’s rho = −0.861, p < 0.01). Known-group validity was confirmed by significant differences between removable denture wearers and individuals with natural teeth (and/or fixed partial dentures), after adjusting for age, and between participants perceiving a need for dental treatment and those who did not. EFA indicated a one-factor structure explaining 55.1% of variance. The one-factor model was confirmed by CFA and showed good fit (χ² = 15.08, df = 5; CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.092; SRMR = 0.04). Responsiveness analysis demonstrated significant decreases in OHIP5-Srb scores following various dental treatments. Conclusions: The OHIP5-Srb is unidimensional, reliable, valid, and responsive. Its brevity and robust psychometric properties make it suitable for assessing self-perceived oral health-related quality of life in the Serbian urban population, particularly when minimizing respondent burden is critical. Full article

Introduction: Oral health in children is essential for their overall well-being, influencing nutrition, language development, and self-esteem. Dental caries represent one of the most prevalent chronic diseases in childhood. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the association between parents’ self-perceived knowledge of oral health and the presence of dental caries in their children. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted with 1052 children aged 4 to 14 years and their parents in Quito, Ecuador. Parents completed validated questionnaires (OHIP-14, OIDP, CPQ, and OHQoL-UK) to assess their self-perceived oral health knowledge. Clinical examinations were performed to detect cavitated carious lesions. Statistical analysis included Chi-square tests and odds ratio (OR) calculations. Results: A significant association was found between lower parental knowledge and higher prevalence of dental caries in children (Chi-square = 16.245, p = 0.0062; OR = 18.18, 95% CI [1.80–183.75]). Most caries cases were found in children whose parents rated their knowledge as “good” or “very good,” suggesting a gap between perceived and actual knowledge. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for targeted educational strategies that address both knowledge and behavioral practices in oral health, especially among parents with low self-perceived knowledge. Full article

Background/Objectives: Tooth colour perception is critical to aesthetic outcomes in restorative dentistry and patient satisfaction. Psychological and gender-related factors may modulate individual colour perception. This study evaluates the influence of gender and emotional state on tooth colour self-perception in healthy adults. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 adults (50 women, 50 men; mean age 32.2 years) without anterior restorations or systemic disease. Tooth shade was assessed by (i) operator visual matching using the VITA Classical A1–D4 guide, (ii) patient self-selection with the same guide, and (iii) spectrophotometric measurement (Spectroshade Micro). Emotional state was measured using the abbreviated Profile of Mood States (POMS-SF); the OHIP-14 was administered to characterise oral health–related quality of life. Statistical analyses included the Chi-squared test, Kendall’s τ, and t-test, with p < 0.05 considered significant. Results: A significant association between gender and the magnitude of patient–operator discrepancy was found (p = 0.013): women showed higher rates of complete agreement or two-step differences, whereas men more frequently exhibited one-step differences. Positive mood parameters (feeling active, energetic, satisfied) correlated with greater patient–operator agreement (τ = 0.17–0.23, p < 0.05). Significant association was neither observed between patient self-selection and spectrophotometric measurement (p = 0.225), nor between facial undertone, facial colour contrast, or depressive mood levels. Conclusions: Gender and emotional state influence subjective tooth colour perception. Positive mood is associated with improved agreement between perceived and clinically assessed colour. These findings support a personalised, gender- and mood-informed approach to shade selection and patient management in aesthetic dentistry. Full article

Background/Objectives: The Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) is the most widely used tool for OHRQoL assessment. The measure has several versions, but there is no comprehensive summary of available Oral Health Impact Profile variants. The purpose of this scoping review is to identify and summarize Oral Health Impact Profile versions for the adult population available in the literature. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched on 25–28 May 2025 to find papers presenting the Oral Health Impact Profile versions’ development process. Records written in English without any time restrictions were included. The Joanna Briggs Institute framework for scoping reviews was applied. The PRISMA-ScR approach was followed. Results: In total, 11 generic OHIP scales (the OHIP version that was not targeted at any specific condition) and 16 condition-specified OHIP scales were found. The analysis revealed a wide variety of number of items (from 49 to 5), recall period (from one year to one week), rating scale (4-0; 5-0; 5-1; 6-1; 1, 0, and −1), dimensionality of scale (7, 4, or 3 dimensions, 2–6 factors, or unidimensional), and validation process. Conclusions: Differences in OHIP features have to be taken into account during a comparison of results from different studies. Due to the availability of various tools, the idea of creating new versions of the OHIP should be considered with caution. Researchers should carefully select the appropriate OHIP version for their purposes, as the process of adapting the tool to a new language and culture is time-consuming and expensive. Full article

Background: To examine the association between the number and location of missing teeth and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) as well as self-assessed general health in a convenience sample of Austrian dental patients, and to evaluate the applicability of the OHIP-G 14 and OHIP-G 12 instruments in this context. Methods: An anonymous questionnaire was distributed to adult patients in the waiting area of a single Austrian dental practice. It included the German version of the OHIP-14, a visual analog scale (EQ-5D VAS) for self-assessed general health, and demographic questions. A dentist clinically assessed the number and location of missing teeth using the FDI tooth numbering system. Regression models were used to evaluate the impact of anterior and posterior tooth loss on both outcome measures. The role of tooth replacement was also explored. A sensitivity analysis was conducted using the OHIP-G 12, a modified version excluding two items from the OHIP-14. Results: OHRQoL was significantly associated with the number of missing anterior teeth, while self-assessed general health was associated only with missing posterior teeth. These associations were consistent across models using OHIP-G 14 and OHIP-G 12. Tooth replacement, as assessed, showed no significant influence on either outcome. Age initially correlated with both outcomes but lost significance after controlling for the number of missing teeth. Conclusions: The hypothesis that anterior tooth loss negatively affects OHRQoL was supported. The association between posterior tooth loss and general health perception was not expected and requires further investigation. The OHIP-G 12 proved to be a valid and efficient alternative in this setting. Full article

Background and Objectives: This study is aimed at evaluating periodontal health in patients with psoriasis and investigating its impact on dermatology-specific and oral health-related quality of life. Materials and Methods: A total of 226 individuals were enrolled, including 113 patients with clinically diagnosed psoriasis and 113 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. The periodontal parameters recorded included plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL). Oral health-related quality of life was assessed using the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14), while dermatology-specific quality of life was evaluated with the Psoriasis Quality of Life Questionnaire (PQLQ). Psoriasis severity was measured by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI). Results: Patients with psoriasis demonstrated significantly poorer periodontal parameters compared to controls, with higher PI (p = 0.006), PD (p = 0.001), and CAL (p = 0.041), as well as a lower number of teeth (p = 0.027). No significant differences in GI were observed (p = 0.331). Subdomain analysis of OHIP-14 indicated significantly greater functional limitation in the psoriasis group (p = 0.001), although no differences were detected in other domains. Positive and significant correlations were found among all the OHIP-14 subscales in both groups, and PQLQ scores were strongly correlated with OHIP-14 outcomes in the psoriasis group (p < 0.05). PASI scores tended to be higher among patients with periodontitis than those with gingivitis or periodontal health, but this difference did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.257). Conclusions: Psoriasis patients exhibited poorer periodontal status and reduced oral health-related quality of life compared to healthy individuals. However, differences in oral hygiene habits may also have contributed to these findings. Our findings suggest an association between psoriasis and impaired periodontal health, but due to the cross-sectional design, a causal relationship cannot be established. Full article

Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) questionnaires characterize the impact of oral conditions. However, similar summary scores of abbreviated instruments may obscure differences in how oral diseases affect specific OHRQoL components. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare summary scores and item profiles (defined as all item prevalence scores) in two patient populations using short forms of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Methods: The psychometric properties of the Hungarian OHIP-14 (14 items) and OHIP-5 (5 items) were evaluated for reliability and validity. The summary scores and item prevalence were then compared between patients undergoing surgical procedures (n = 30) and operative dental procedures (n = 22). Significant differences emerged in the OHIP-14 items “Taste worse” (9% vs. 33%, p = 0.03) and “Painful aching” (91% vs. 47%, p < 0.001). Results: For OHIP-5, only “Painful aching” differed significantly. Both short forms showed acceptable psychometric performance (test–retest reliability: 0.87 and 0.86; Cronbach’s alpha: 0.88 and 0.66; validity with self-reported oral health: r = 0.48 and r = 0.51). Conclusions: Summary scores provide an overall assessment of OHRQoL, but item profiles reveal clinically relevant differences between patient groups. Combining both perspectives enhances the interpretability of short OHIP instruments and supports more targeted clinical and research applications. Full article

Successful health management in older adults requires adequate nutrition, which is often compromised by oral health issues like edentulism. Tooth loss can reduce masticatory function, especially when rehabilitation treatments fail. The present study aims to generate initial information on the potential effects of the placement of mandibular mini-implants in patients with complete maxillary and mandibular dentures on mandibular kinetics, electromyographic activity, and quality of life. Participants with complete dentures, adequate mandibular bone height, and good general health were recruited. All underwent cone beam computed tomography for diagnosis and planning to place two mandibular mini-implants. Mandibular movements were analyzed using electromagnetic articulography and electromyography before treatment and five months after implant placement. Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was assessed using the OHIP-7sp at baseline and six months post-treatment. Five subjects were included (mean age 69.7 ± 10.8 years). All mini-implants demonstrated a 100% initial success rate. At five months, significant improvements were observed in the vertical range of maximum opening, as well as in the area, trajectory, and range of frontal and sagittal movement envelopes (p < 0.05)—along with increased movement symmetry. OHRQoL also improved, with greater esthetic satisfaction, communication, and social engagement. Mandibular mini-implants improved mandibular movements and prosthetic stability, enhancing patients’ oral health-related quality of life without altering muscle activity. Full article

Introduction: Oral implantology, a modern approach to rehabilitating edentulous patients, has advanced significantly with digital technologies, notably computer-guided surgery. This technique is considered precise and predictable. However, it is essential to assess this technique from the patient’s perspective, focusing on its impact on quality of life and satisfaction. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL up to January 2025. Clinical trials and case series studies were included. Studies conducted on partially or fully edentulous patients were selected for inclusion. The studies included static or dynamic guided oral implant treatments, as well as conventional treatments, and evaluated patient-reported outcomes, specifically perceived satisfaction and quality of life. A qualitative synthesis of the findings was performed, and the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale (NOS). Results: A total of twelve studies were included. The most commonly used questionnaires for evaluation were the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHQoL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP). Computer-guided implantology appears to be a valid and predictable technique for dental implant placement. It is associated with a reduced intraoperative and postoperative pain. Some studies, however, did not identify significant differences compared with conventional implant surgery. Conclusions: Guided oral implantology is a viable option for oral rehabilitation in edentulous patients, offering benefits in surgical precision, pain reduction, and patient experience. Its effects on surgical time and overall patient satisfaction, however, warrant further investigation. Full article

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) and dental care experiences of adults with Cerebral Palsy (CP). Methods: In 2023, adults with CP and their caregivers from four Australian states completed questionnaires, including the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14). Non-parametric tests were conducted to analyze associations between demographic and CP-related variables and OHRQoL. Results: A total of 69 respondents participated, including n = 22 adults with CP and n = 47 caregivers of adults with CP. Most adults with CP were diagnosed with a spastic motor type (46/69, 66%), with bilateral spasticity being the most common (30/46, 65%). The mean OHIP-14 score was 10.3 ± 9.3 (mean ± SD). Nearly 70% reported challenges cleaning their teeth, over 25% lacked a dentist, more than 60% found dental exams challenging, and nearly 50% required specialized dental care. In bivariate analysis, OHIP-14 was associated with daily oral care routines (p = 0.012) and “simple dental check-up” (p = 0.017). There was a statistically significant relationship between socio-economic status and scores for the handicap dimension (p = 0.040). Higher OHIP-14 scores were associated with greater levels of impairment regarding gross motor (p = 0.199), manual functioning limitations (p = 0.001), speech (p = 0.123), and communication function scales (p = 0.319). Conclusion: Adults with CP reported challenges participating in and maintaining oral health and accessing dental care, influenced by physical, functional, and socio-economic factors. These findings indicate the need for inclusive care and strategies to support access to services. Full article

Objective: This retrospective study aims to assess the impact of bite-raising on patients’ quality of life and to compare the outcomes of anterior versus posterior build-ups. Materials and Methods: A total of 94 young adolescents treated with fixed orthodontic were selected and divided into two groups: the anterior bite raisers group (ABG) and the posterior bite raisers group (PBG). To enable comparison with untreated individuals, a control group (CG) of 50 subjects was also included. Pain intensity was assessed using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS), while oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) was measured through the OHIP-14 questionnaire (Italian validated version) before treatment and during each appointment for the first 3 months after build-ups placement. Results: Patients undergoing orthodontic treatment without bite raisers (CG) reported lower OHIP-14 scores compared to those with anterior (ABG) and posterior (PBG) bite raisers. In both ABG and PBG, the most commonly reported side effects included difficulty eating, oral pain, and feelings of embarrassment in social situations—similar to those reported by the control group. However, participants in the ABG also reported challenges in pronouncing certain words. Furthermore, the ABG experienced higher levels of physical pain, physical disability, and psychological discomfort compared to both the PBG and CG. Patients in the ABG reported more build-ups detachments or breakages than patients in PBG (ABG 32% vs. PBG 18%, p < 0.01). Build-ups were removed due to adequate overbite correction significantly before in the ABG (4.2 ± 0.9 months) than in the PBG (6.1 ± 1.4 months, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Anterior bite raisers have a significantly greater impact on patients’ quality of life compared to posterior bite raisers, leading to increased difficulties in eating and speech, higher levels of physical pain and disability, greater psychological discomfort, and more intense pain following build-ups placement. Full article

The evidence for photobiomodulation in reducing postoperative pain after endodontic instrumentation is classified as low or very low certainty, indicating a need for further research. Longitudinal pain assessments over 24 h are crucial, and studies should explore these pain periods. Background/Objectives: This double-blind, randomized controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of PBM on pain following single-visit endodontic treatment of maxillary molars at 4, 8, 12, and 24 h. Primary outcomes included pain at 24 h; secondary outcomes included pain at 4, 8, and 12 h, pain during palpation/percussion, OHIP-14 analysis, and frequencies of pain. Methods: Approved by the Research Ethics Committee (5.598.290) and registered in Clinical Trials (NCT06253767), the study recruited adults (21–70 years) requiring endodontic treatment in maxillary molars. Fifty-eight molars were randomly assigned to two groups: the PBM Group (n = 29), receiving conventional endodontic treatment with PBM (100 mW, 333 mW/cm², 9 J distributed at 3 points near root apices), and the control group (n = 29), receiving conventional treatment with PBM simulation. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale. Results: Statistical analyses used chi-square and Mann–Whitney tests, with explained variance (η²). Ten participants were excluded, leaving 48 patients for analysis. No significant differences were observed in postoperative pain at 24, 4, 8, or 12 h, or in palpation/percussion or OHIP-14 scores. Pain frequencies ranged from 12.5% to 25%. Conclusions: PBM does not influence post-treatment pain in maxillary molars under these conditions. These results emphasize the importance of relying on well-designed clinical trials to guide treatment decisions, and future research should focus on personalized dosimetry adapted to the anatomical characteristics of the treated dental region to enhance the accuracy and efficacy of therapeutic protocols. Full article

Objective: To compare the effect of different bone augmentation procedures, namely, autogenous bone blocks (ABBs) versus guided bone regeneration (GBR), on patient-reported outcomes (PROMs). Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. A MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science search was conducted by two independent reviewers in combination with a free-hand search in relevant journals until June 2025. Outcomes were PROMs to enhance our understanding of the evolution of these procedures. Results: The electronic search yielded 6291 articles. After title screening, 67 articles were further analyzed for abstract review, which resulted in 14 articles eligible for full-text reading. Six articles were finally included based on the exclusion and inclusion criteria with a total of 295 patients. The overall study quality was low, since only two RCTs could be included. One study demonstrated a high risk of bias. Different PROMs were examined and compared such as pain, edema, neurosensory disturbance, Patient-Reported Predominant Symptom, OHIP-14, postoperative analgesic usage, willingness to repeat, and likelihood to recommend. Meta-analysis was not achievable due to a lack of direct comparisons and heterogeneity in terms of PROMs. Evaluation points varied between pretreatment and up to nearly 10-years of follow-up. Conclusions: Despite significant heterogeneity and reporting, this systematic review concluded that ABB and GBR are well-tolerated procedures. Trends such as transient postoperative pain and swelling with a minor occurring of neurosensory disturbances were reported in a few studies. Overall, a good perception of postoperative recovery was reported for both treatment modalities. Good quality of life was noted related to GBR procedures. Patient-reported outcomes were only analyzed for patients who completed the entire follow-up period. This may introduce bias, as patients who dropped out and were more likely to experience complications were not represented, potentially resulting in a more favorable portrayal of the outcomes. Further well-conducted prospective studies with a long follow-up are needed for an evidence-based evaluation and comparison of PROMs for these procedures. Full article

Objectives: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic, painful, idiopathic condition of the oral cavity, characterized by the absence of visible pathological changes on the oral mucosa and normal laboratory findings. Recent evidence from the literature supports the classification of BMS as a neuropathic condition. It has been proposed that oxidative stress may contribute to neuropathic pain. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is an antioxidant that exhibits neuroprotective properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of N-acetyl cysteine in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Methods: Eighty female patients with previously diagnosed BMS were randomly assigned to one out of two groups. One group received N-acetyl cysteine (600 mg/twice a day) and the other received placebo, for an eight-week period. The outcome was measured by the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) quality of life questionnaire and Numeric Pain Rating Scale, for burning and discomfort, both before and after completing the therapy. Results: Both groups experienced a significant reduction in burning and discomfort sensations, along with a significant improvement in oral health-related quality of life. However, the difference between the treatment and control group was not statistically significant. Conclusions: NAC does not significantly improve the oral health-related quality of life, burning sensations, and discomfort in BMS subjects compared to placebo. Full article

Tooth wear is a growing oral health concern with implications for function, esthetics, and psychological well-being, ultimately affecting oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). While clinical indices assess tooth wear severity, they fail to capture patient-reported outcomes (PROs) and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs). This narrative review aims to identify and synthesize the use of PROs and PROMs used in adults with tooth wear and to map their assessed domains against the Wilson and Cleary model of health outcomes, highlighting gaps and guiding the development of condition-specific instruments. A comprehensive search of the literature was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, and Embase. Studies involving PROMs in adults with tooth wear were included. Extracted data encompassed psychometric properties and domains assessed. PROMs such as the OHIP, OES, OIDP, and QMFQ have been frequently used, focusing on functional limitation, esthetic perception, and psychological distress. However, no single instrument comprehensively addresses all relevant domains of the Wilson and Cleary model. Moreover, variation in tools and constructs limits comparability across studies and clinical settings. Existing PROMs capture only partial aspects of the patient experience related to tooth wear. When mapping these instruments to a validated theoretical model, significant gaps become evident, especially in terms of general health perceptions and overall quality of life metrics. To improve the evaluation and management of tooth wear in clinical settings, it is essential to create a condition-specific PROM based on a solid conceptual framework. Full article