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Keywords = Tongshu

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15 pages, 3942 KiB  
Article
Research on Differentiated Lightning Protection of Overhead Distribution Lines under Continuous Lightning Strikes
by Duanjiao Li, Wenxing Sun, Kunyu Song, Ruifeng Zhu, Zhenxin Zhong, Tongshu Ding and Jiachen Gao
Energies 2024, 17(18), 4568; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17184568 - 12 Sep 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
Distribution lines are an important component of a power system. Lightning disasters have serious adverse effects on the reliability of the power supply in distribution networks. In response to the current lack of research on lightning protection in distribution networks under continuous lightning [...] Read more.
Distribution lines are an important component of a power system. Lightning disasters have serious adverse effects on the reliability of the power supply in distribution networks. In response to the current lack of research on lightning protection in distribution networks under continuous lightning strikes, we built a transient simulation model and calculated the lightning withstanding level and lightning outage rate of distribution lines under continuous lightning strikes. In addition, the impact of different factors on the lightning withstanding level and lightning outage rate of distribution lines under continuous lightning strikes was calculated for different lightning protection strategies. Finally, differentiated lightning protection strategies based on the lightning outage rate calculation were proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress and Challenges in Power and Smart Grid)
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16 pages, 2051 KiB  
Article
Clonality Analysis for the Relationship between the Pulmonary Combined Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and “the So-Called Reported Histologic Transformation”
by Haiyue Wang, Yanli Zhu, Wei Sun, Xin Yang, Xinying Liu, Kaiwen Chi, Xiaozheng Huang, Lixin Zhou, Weijing Cai and Dongmei Lin
Cancers 2023, 15(23), 5649; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15235649 - 29 Nov 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1434
Abstract
Histologic transformation (HT) is common following targeted therapy in adenocarcinoma. However, whether the transformed tumor is a new component or a combined neuroendocrine carcinoma (C-NEC) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between pulmonary C-NEC and HT. Macro-dissection was performed on different [...] Read more.
Histologic transformation (HT) is common following targeted therapy in adenocarcinoma. However, whether the transformed tumor is a new component or a combined neuroendocrine carcinoma (C-NEC) remains controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between pulmonary C-NEC and HT. Macro-dissection was performed on different components of surgically resected C-NEC samples. Molecular alterations and clonal evolution were analyzed using whole exome sequencing (WES). The gene statuses for TP53 and RB1 were determined using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and WES to analyze the relationship between C-NEC and reported HT. Sixteen combined small-cell lung cancer patients and five combined large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma patients were enrolled. The frequency of p53 and Rb inactivation, assessed using IHC in NEC and non-NEC components, was 76.2/76.2% and 66.7/61.9%, respectively. The expression consistency between the components was 81.0 and 85.7% for p53 and Rb, respectively. The frequencies of TP53, RB1, and EGFR mutations, assessed using WES in NEC and non-NEC components, were 81.0/81.0%, 28.6/28.6%, and 42.9/42.9%, respectively. The concordance rates for TP53, RB1, and EGFR were 90.5, 71.4, and 90.5%, respectively. The consistency rate between IHC and WES was 81.0 and 61.9% for TP53 and RB1, respectively. The different components had a common clonal origin for the 21 C-NECs in the clonal analysis, consistent with previous studies on HT. Our study shows that IHC is more sensitive for Rb detection and C-NEC, and the reported HT may be due to differences in evaluations between pathologist and clinicians. Assessing the p53/Rb and EGFR status for such cases would help in recognizing potential transformation cases or uncovering potential combined components. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cancer Pathophysiology)
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11 pages, 793 KiB  
Article
The Voice of Peace: Philosophical Musicality as a Promoter of Peace in Confucianism
by Galia Patt-Shamir
Religions 2022, 13(11), 1063; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel13111063 - 4 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2144
Abstract
The main focus of this article is the explanatory power that music has in Confucianism according to the Analects (Lunyu 論語) and The Classic of Rites (Liji 禮記), which is reaffirmed in the Song Dynasty by Zhou Dunyi in the chapters [...] Read more.
The main focus of this article is the explanatory power that music has in Confucianism according to the Analects (Lunyu 論語) and The Classic of Rites (Liji 禮記), which is reaffirmed in the Song Dynasty by Zhou Dunyi in the chapters on music in Tongshu (通書, The Penetrating Book). The article suggests that Tongshu’s chapters on music demonstrate the non-linear and non-metaphysical musical nature of Confucianism. According to this suggestion, the chapters introduce a dynamic, living model for the Confucian Way, on its own terms. This musical model supports the early Confucian vision of a multifaceted person, progressing in a multi-dimensional Way within a multi-layered polysemic world. Progressing along the Way, self-cultivation appears as one’s task to develop the various musical potentialities inherent in her or himself. The article opens with the epistemological idea of “musical knowledge” acquired by attuned hearing that winds up in a creative, peacemaking heart. Next, it introduces the ontological idea of a government that models cosmic harmony, depicting the leader as having an orchestral conductor’s aptitude; last, it presents a pragmatic perspective on the idea of musical education through the rules of propriety, depicting the practitioner as a skillful music player. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue War and Peace in Religious Culture)
10 pages, 1410 KiB  
Article
An R2R3-MYB Transcription Factor OsMYBAS1 Promotes Seed Germination under Different Sowing Depths in Transgenic Rice
by Xiaomin Wang, Rong Wu, Tongshu Shen, Zhenan Li, Chengyong Li, Bangkui Wu, Hongye Jiang and Guangwu Zhao
Plants 2022, 11(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11010139 - 5 Jan 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3088
Abstract
MYB-type transcription factors play essential regulatory roles in seed germination and the response to seedling establishment stress. This study isolated a rice R2R3-MYB gene, OsMYBAS1, and functionally characterized its role in seed germination by generating transgenic rice plants with the overexpression and [...] Read more.
MYB-type transcription factors play essential regulatory roles in seed germination and the response to seedling establishment stress. This study isolated a rice R2R3-MYB gene, OsMYBAS1, and functionally characterized its role in seed germination by generating transgenic rice plants with the overexpression and knockout of OsMYBAS1. Gene expression analysis suggested that OsMYBAS1 was highly expressed in brown rice and root, respectively. Subcellular localization analysis determined that OsMYBAS1 was localized in the nucleus. No significant differences in seed germination rate were observed among wild-type (WT) and transgenic rice plants at the 0-cm sowing depth. However, when sown at a depth of 4 cm, higher germination rates, root lengths and seedling heights were obtained in OsMYBAS1-overexpressing plants than in WT. Furthermore, the opposite results were recorded between the osmybas1 mutants and WT. Moreover, OsMYBAS1-overexpressing plants significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity and suppressed the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) content at the 4-cm sowing depth. These results indicate that the MYB transcription factor OsMYBAS1 may promote rice seed germination and subsequent seedling establishment under deep-sowing conditions. These findings can provide valuable insight into rice seed-quality breeding to facilitate the development of a dry, direct-seeding production system. Full article
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31 pages, 45540 KiB  
Article
Local PM2.5 Hotspot Detector at 300 m Resolution: A Random Forest–Convolutional Neural Network Joint Model Jointly Trained on Satellite Images and Meteorology
by Tongshu Zheng, Michael Bergin, Guoyin Wang and David Carlson
Remote Sens. 2021, 13(7), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs13071356 - 1 Apr 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 11234
Abstract
Satellite-based rapid sweeping screening of localized PM2.5 hotspots at fine-scale local neighborhood levels is highly desirable. This motivated us to develop a random forest–convolutional neural network–local contrast normalization (RF–CNN–LCN) pipeline that detects local PM2.5 hotspots at a 300 m resolution using [...] Read more.
Satellite-based rapid sweeping screening of localized PM2.5 hotspots at fine-scale local neighborhood levels is highly desirable. This motivated us to develop a random forest–convolutional neural network–local contrast normalization (RF–CNN–LCN) pipeline that detects local PM2.5 hotspots at a 300 m resolution using satellite imagery and meteorological information. The RF–CNN joint model in the pipeline uses three meteorological variables and daily 3 m/pixel resolution PlanetScope satellite imagery to generate daily 300 m ground-level PM2.5 estimates. The downstream LCN processes the estimated PM2.5 maps to reveal local PM2.5 hotspots. The RF–CNN joint model achieved a low normalized root mean square error for PM2.5 of within ~31% and normalized mean absolute error of within ~19% on the holdout samples in both Delhi and Beijing. The RF–CNN–LCN pipeline reasonably predicts urban PM2.5 local hotspots and coolspots by capturing both the main intra-urban spatial trends in PM2.5 and the local variations in PM2.5 with urban landscape, with local hotspots relating to compact urban spatial structures and coolspots being open areas and green spaces. Based on 20 sampled representative neighborhoods in Delhi, our pipeline revealed an annual average 9.2 ± 4.0 μg m−3 difference in PM2.5 between the local hotspots and coolspots within the same community. In some cases, the differences were much larger; for example, at the Indian Gandhi International Airport, the increase was 20.3 μg m−3 from the coolest spot (the residential area immediately outside the airport) to the hottest spot (airport runway). This work provides a possible means of automatically identifying local PM2.5 hotspots at 300 m in heavily polluted megacities and highlights the potential existence of substantial health inequalities in long-term outdoor PM2.5 exposures even within the same local neighborhoods between local hotspots and coolspots. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing of Air Pollutants and Carbon Emissions in Megacities)
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12 pages, 3092 KiB  
Letter
A Flow-Measuring Algorithm of Arc-Bottomed Open Channels through Multiple Characteristic Sensing Points of the Flow-Velocity Sensor in Agricultural Irrigation Areas
by Yu Han, Tongshu Li, Shiyu Wang and Jian Chen
Sensors 2020, 20(16), 4504; https://doi.org/10.3390/s20164504 - 12 Aug 2020
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2645
Abstract
Precise flow measurement in the open channel is a key prerequisite to implementation of modern agricultural efficient water use. The channel with an arc-bottomed shape is the most common channel type in irrigation area at present. The paper has verified the log-law is [...] Read more.
Precise flow measurement in the open channel is a key prerequisite to implementation of modern agricultural efficient water use. The channel with an arc-bottomed shape is the most common channel type in irrigation area at present. The paper has verified the log-law is along the normal line rather than along the vertical line in arc-bottom channel. By conducting the velocity distribution log-law, this paper derives the expression of the multiple characteristic sensing points location of the flow-velocity sensor in the channel section, which is along the normal line. Based on this, a new algorithm to estimate the discharge of the arc-bottomed channel flow is proposed. We have also developed the experiment of the arc-bottomed channels (including semicircular channels, arc-bottom trapezoidal channels and U-shaped channels) and utilize the data to verify the method. The results indicate that the sensing locations expression of the flow velocity measuring sensor such as acoustic doppler velocimetry and propeller is suitable for improving discharge estimation’s accuracy of the arc-bottomed channels. This method could be extensively used in estimating discharge of irrigation and drainage channels in agricultural water conservancy projects. It will enhance the efficiency and accuracy of water resources management departments in irrigation areas, which also meet the strategic requirements of agricultural sustainable development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Flow and Wind Sensors)
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13 pages, 2308 KiB  
Article
Study on Unsteady Flow Based on Optimized Water Distribution Model in Irrigation District
by Jingjing Wu, Jian Chen, Yu Han and Tongshu Li
Sustainability 2020, 12(4), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/su12041580 - 20 Feb 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2481
Abstract
The canal delivery system is the main infrastructure of agricultural irrigation. The efficiency of water use in agriculture can be achieved by mastering the dynamic process of unsteady flow in the channel. In this study, an unsteady flow model for the calculation of [...] Read more.
The canal delivery system is the main infrastructure of agricultural irrigation. The efficiency of water use in agriculture can be achieved by mastering the dynamic process of unsteady flow in the channel. In this study, an unsteady flow model for the calculation of the water flow transition information of the river channel during the water distribution process was established, based on the water distribution scheme given by the backtracking-search algorithm (BSA). This model was more suitable for areas with inefficient channel systems. The research areas included the main irrigation channels in Xiying City, which is one of the typical agricultural areas in northwestern China. The scheme obtained by optimal solution proposed for Xiying Irrigation District was feasible. According to the results of the flow simulations, the sluice gate calculation correlation could determine the change process of the gate opening of each channel, which provided a basis to realize the modernization of the irrigation area. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Environments: Issues, Processes, and Solutions)
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17 pages, 4509 KiB  
Article
Study on the Characteristic Point Location of Depth Average Velocity in Smooth Open Channels: Applied to Channels with Flat or Concave Boundaries
by Tongshu Li, Jian Chen, Yu Han, Zhuangzhuang Ma and Jingjing Wu
Water 2020, 12(2), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/w12020430 - 5 Feb 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3146
Abstract
Based on the flow partition theory, we derive a mathematical expression by using the log-law for the characteristic point location (CPL) of depth average velocity in channels with flat or concave boundaries. It can manifest the position of the characteristic points in the [...] Read more.
Based on the flow partition theory, we derive a mathematical expression by using the log-law for the characteristic point location (CPL) of depth average velocity in channels with flat or concave boundaries. It can manifest the position of the characteristic points in the vertical direction relative to the channel side wall or bed. Taking rectangular and semi-circular channels as research objects, we put forward a method to calculate the discharge of channels with CPL. Additionally, we carried out some experiments on rectangular and semi-circular channel sections. CPL’s analytic expression is validated against experimental results through comparison of velocity and discharge. The proposed formulation of characteristic point location could be extensively employed in flow measurements of flat and concave boundary channels, which has practical application value in simplifying the flow measurement steps of open channels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical and Mathematical Fluid Mechanics)
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15 pages, 3163 KiB  
Article
A Simplified Computational Model for the Location of Depth Average Velocity in a Rectangular Irrigation Channel
by Zhuangzhuang Ma, Zhangsheng Wu, Tongshu Li, Yu Han, Jian Chen and Liangpei Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(16), 3222; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163222 - 7 Aug 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2920
Abstract
Flow measurements in open channels have often utilized velocity-area methods. Thus, estimations of the average velocity in a cross-section of rural canals play an important role in the flow measurement of an irrigation district. This paper derives a model for calculating depth average [...] Read more.
Flow measurements in open channels have often utilized velocity-area methods. Thus, estimations of the average velocity in a cross-section of rural canals play an important role in the flow measurement of an irrigation district. This paper derives a model for calculating depth average velocity. This model considers the classical logarithmic formula describing the velocity distribution and flow partitioning theory, which is aimed at finding out a location that represents the depth average velocity (LDAV) along the vertical line from boundary to water surface. Subsequently, the average flow velocity of the whole channel can be further determined by using the velocity-area method in different regions. Moreover, the LDAV has different expressions in different sub-regions according to flow partitioning theory under various aspect ratios. The results are verified by experiments under different experimental conditions, and the formula is highly applicable and has a high theoretical significance and practical value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Earth Sciences)
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12 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Bisphenol A Exposure and Sperm ACHE Hydroxymethylation in Men
by Xiuxia Song, Maohua Miao, Xiaoyu Zhou, Dekun Li, Youping Tian, Hong Liang, Runsheng Li and Wei Yuan
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16(1), 152; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010152 - 8 Jan 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5860
Abstract
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to impact human sperm quality. The epigenetic mechanisms underlying the effect remain unknown. The acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) gene is a sperm-expressed gene encoding the acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase and participates in the apoptosis of cells, including [...] Read more.
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to impact human sperm quality. The epigenetic mechanisms underlying the effect remain unknown. The acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) gene is a sperm-expressed gene encoding the acetylcholine hydrolyzing enzyme acetylcholinesterase and participates in the apoptosis of cells, including sperm. This study aimed to examine whether BPA exposure is associated with the hydroxymethylation level of the sperm ACHE gene. A total of 157 male factory workers were studied, among whom 74 had BPA exposure in the workplace (BPA exposure group) and 83 had no BPA exposure in the workplace (control group). Urine samples were collected for BPA measurement and semen samples were collected to assay for ACHE hydroxymethylation. Sperm ACHE hydroxymethylation level was higher in the BPA exposure group (p = 0.041) compared to the control group. When subjects were categorized according to tertiles of detected BPA level, higher ACHE hydroxymethylation levels were observed for the lowest, middle, and top tertiles compared to those with BPA below the limit of detection (LOD). In a linear regression analysis adjusted for confounders, a positive linear association between urine BPA concentration and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) rate of the sperm ACHE gene was observed, although the association did not reach statistical significance in all categories after being stratified by the BPA tertile. In conclusion, 5hmC of the sperm ACHE gene was positively associated with BPA exposure, which may provide supportive evidence for BPA’s effects on male fertility or other health endpoints. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Endocrine Disruptors Exposure on Human Health)
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