Search Results (93)

Background: Live-streaming e-commerce has emerged as a significant retail channel, especially in the apparel industry, characterized by high impulse-driven purchase rates and elevated product returns. Reverse logistics processes associated with these returns generate considerable environmental impacts that require systematic evaluation. Methods: This study performs a gate-to-gate Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) using SimaPro software, with a functional unit of 1 kg for one pair of returned jeans. Secondary inventory data were obtained primarily from the Ecoinvent database and supplemented with literature-based estimates for transport distances and packaging masses. Results: Key hotspots analyzed include transportation modes, packaging materials, and waste disposal pathways. Transportation mode selection was the dominant environmental hotspot, with air freight exhibiting the highest impacts across most midpoint and endpoint categories. Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) packaging and landfill disposal of textile waste were also major contributors to global warming, ozone formation, and resource depletion. Conclusions: The findings underscore the necessity of integrating Circular Supply Chain (CSC) principles into reverse logistics network design for live-streaming platforms. Optimizing transportation modes and packaging choices can effectively balance operational responsiveness with environmental sustainability. This study offers empirical evidence and practical decision-supporting insights for more sustainable return management in high-return digital retail environments. Full article

This paper integrates the Elastic Net-TVP-VAR-BK framework and constructs a high-dimensional multilayer frequency-domain network, including short-, medium-, and long-term layers, to investigate extreme risk spillovers among 56 industries in the Chinese stock market. We examine the topology of the multilayer network at the system, cross-sector, and industry levels, as well as from both static and dynamic perspectives. Using daily data on 56 industry indices from 1 March 2007 to 30 September 2024, our empirical results show that: (1) All multilayer network topologies, including edge structures, node characteristics, and spillover strengths, exhibit significant frequency heterogeneity, and the dynamic topology of the three-layer network shows fluctuations and directional differences during critical periods. (2) In most periods, the short-term layer exhibits stronger average spillover intensity and denser inter-industry linkages, suggesting that short-horizon risk transmission plays a more prominent role in rapid contagion. However, the medium- and long-term layers remain important for identifying persistent and structural risk transmission. (3) At the industry level, capital markets and textiles, apparel, and luxury goods within the short-term layer, food products, household products, and road and rail in the medium-term layer as well as construction and engineering, industrial conglomerates, trading companies and distributors, metals and mining, and distributors in the long-term layer, all demonstrate high cross-industry systemic importance and total systemic importance, thereby establishing themselves as key nodes within their respective frequency domains. The findings provide theoretical support for policymakers in formulating strategies to address market risks and offer important references for investors in asset allocation and risk management decisions. Full article

The global fashion industry, particularly in production-intensive markets like China, faces pressing environmental challenges due to low utilization rates of post-consumer textiles, positioning the upcycling of secondhand clothing as a pivotal issue for sustainable transformation. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), this study examines the drivers of corporate participation in secondhand clothing upcycling at the organizational level, with a focus on how corporate attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control shape behavioral intention and actual practice. Using data from a survey of 408 Chinese apparel firms and analyzing it via structural equation modeling, the findings reveal that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control each exert a significant positive influence on upcycling intention, which in turn strongly predicts actual upcycling behavior; the model demonstrates good overall fit. Beyond confirming the explanatory relevance of TPB in organizational sustainability decision-making, this study also develops a practical “value–pressure–capability” framework through sub-dimensional analysis. According to this framework, corporate upcycling engagement is motivated by perceived economic and brand value, moderated by external pressures from industry norms and policy signals, and enabled through technological innovation and resource support that lower implementation barriers. The research offers an evidence-based theoretical and practical pathway for policymakers and industry stakeholders seeking to advance the circular fashion economy, with implications for similarly structured economies in East Asia. Full article

This study investigates the sustainability of competitiveness in the textile and apparel industry across Asia following the 2005 conclusion of the Agreement on Textiles and Apparel (ATC). It aims to evaluate how sectoral competitiveness is understood and maintained beyond cost savings alone. A systematic review of the literature was conducted using PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analyzing 48 peer-reviewed journal articles from reputable sources published between 2001 and 2024. The selection process involved multiple stages of screening and thematic categorization, focusing on individual country case studies, competitiveness measures, indicators, analytical frameworks, and methodological approaches. A Risk of Bias assessment was conducted using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) to evaluate the methodological quality of the included studies. The findings highlight seven strategic pillars for sustaining competitiveness in the textile and apparel industry: shifting toward higher value-added manufacturing; integration into Global Value Chains (GVCs); technological innovation; adaptability; supply chain collaboration and organizational networks; responsible manufacturing; and government support. Moreover, the review includes a Co-occurrence analysis of all seven pillars. The analysis shows that supply chain collaboration and organizational networks serve as central pillars, often combined with adaptability and technological innovation. These findings demonstrate that maintaining industrial competitiveness in the textile and apparel industry no longer depends solely on cost efficiency but increasingly relies on strategic capabilities, ecosystem collaboration, and institutional support. The study offers a comprehensive framework to enhance the long-term competitiveness of textile manufacturing, particularly in Asia, contributing to the broader literature on transforming industries to stay competitive. Full article

Children’s skin is uniquely vulnerable, requiring specialised design solutions that transcend traditional aesthetics. This exploratory study investigates the importance of paediatric dermatology in informing functional fashion design through expert medical perspectives. Using a qualitative approach, data were gathered from a purposive cohort of paediatric dermatologists and immunoallergologists and analysed through inductive thematic analysis. Findings identify four core themes: the physiological immaturity of children’s skin (notably the prevalence of atopic dermatitis), clothing’s role as a symptomatic aggravator rather than a primary aetiology, the clinical risks posed by chemical additives in synthetic textile processes, and the therapeutic potential of natural fibres and biofunctional agents. The data also highlights significant diagnostic constraints in paediatric patch testing, emphasising the necessity of proactive material safety. The findings suggest that integrating healthcare expertise into human-centred design may support the development of safer paediatric clothing solutions, ensuring that fashion industry innovation meets the physiological requirements of children. By transitioning from hazardous synthetic processes to biocompatible textiles, such as undyed natural fibres and medicinal plant-derived dyes, the industry can transform apparel from a potential irritant into a secondary protective barrier. This provides initial insights for developing clothing that safeguards the skin barrier and improves the overall wellbeing of vulnerable populations. Full article

Textile materials represent a versatile class of engineering substrates widely used in apparel, domestic products, and medical protective systems. Despite their extensive application, large-scale textile production has seen limited integration of fundamentally new functionalization strategies. In recent years, however, advances in materials science have enabled the development of textiles with tailored electrical, adaptive, and biological functionalities. This review summarizes recent progress in the functionalization of textile materials with a focus on approaches relevant to engineering and industrial implementation. Particular attention is given to conductive textiles designed for operation under extreme environmental conditions, including low-temperature climates. Methods for integrating electrically conductive elements into fibrous structures are discussed, highlighting their potential for sensing, thermal regulation, and energy-related applications such as powering portable electronic devices. Inkjet printing is presented as a scalable technique for high-resolution deposition of conductive patterns while preserving the mechanical integrity and aesthetic properties of textile substrates. In addition, adaptive and stimuli-responsive textile systems are reviewed, including materials capable of responding to thermal, optical, or chemical stimuli, with applications in camouflage, wearable systems, and multifunctional surfaces. The review further addresses the development of bioactive textiles, emphasizing antibacterial functionalization using organic and inorganic agents to mitigate the spread of pathogenic microorganisms. The relevance of such materials has been underscored by recent global viral outbreaks. Overall, this work aims to provide a materials science perspective on emerging textile functionalization strategies and to facilitate the transition of these technologies from laboratory-scale research to practical engineering applications. Full article

This study analyzes how sustainability research in the textile and apparel industry is structured and argues that technological innovation—while essential for sustainable transformation—cannot generate meaningful impact when pursued in isolation. Its effectiveness depends on alignment with environmental assessment, ethical and institutional mechanisms, and circular strategies. A review of 133 publications (2020–2024) examining titles, keywords, abstracts, and conclusions identified these four thematic axes as the core framework shaping current research. Findings show that technological innovation is the most extensively addressed dimension, yet its industrial and policy influence remains limited when not connected to standardized assessment tools, governance systems, or consumer use-phase behaviors. When the four dimensions operate collectively, technological advances achieve stronger empirical validation, institutional coherence, and circular-system integration. By addressing a key gap in prior literature—which has typically examined these dimensions separately rather than as an integrated system—this study clarifies how their coordinated interaction conditions sustainability transition pathways. The integrated framework provides a theoretical basis for understanding constraints and mediators within sustainability transitions and suggests that future research and policy should adopt system-level strategies that intentionally strengthen linkages across the four dimensions to accelerate sustainable transformation. Full article

The increased consumption of apparel has resulted in a corresponding increase in the volume of waste textiles, with polyester–cotton blended textiles accounting for as much as 80% of the total. However, extant recycling methodologies are beset by challenges, including high cost and difficulty in separation. Mycelium has been shown to possess the ability to degrade complex components in culture substrates. The present study explores the feasibility of using polyester–cotton yarn as a substrate for mycelium composite materials, thus offering an innovative approach to the treatment of waste blended textiles. Five mycelium composite materials with varying polyester–cotton ratios were prepared and tested for mechanical strength, moisture resistance, and biodegradability. ANOVA analysis confirmed that all properties of the mycelium composites were significantly influenced by the polyester–cotton matrix ratio, with partial eta-squared (ηp²) exceeding 84% across all properties. The most significant effect was observed in compressive strength (ηp² > 99%). Experiments identified a 65:35 polyester–cotton ratio as yielding optimal comprehensive properties: namely, a compressive strength of 0.221 MPa and flexural strength of 0.791 MPa, coupled with excellent moisture resistance and biodegradability. This provides data support for the development of textile-based mycelium composite products. In light of the aforementioned performance studies and material characteristics, the development of three series of experiential home products was undertaken. Design evaluations were conducted to explore the potential application of mycelium composites, which could have significant implications for promoting sustainable development in the textile and apparel industry and advancing innovative designs for mycelium composite materials. Full article

With the growing adoption of CLO 3D in the fashion industry and educational settings, the need for accurate material representation and fit simulation in virtual environments is increasing. This study aimed to evaluate whether CLO 3D, without the aid of physical samples, can reliably simulate clothing pressure for compression wear made from different materials. Unlike previous CLO 3D studies that focused on design or pattern accuracy, this study critically examined material-specific simulation limitations and proposed technical enhancements. Two types of leggings with varying spandex content were tested across five yoga poses using the CLO 3D software(version 2024.2.214). The results showed that CLO 3D did not detect differences in clothing pressure caused by variations in spandex content. Furthermore, the pressure values remained constant across different poses for both fabrics, failing to reflect realistic mechanical differences. The highest total clothing pressure was recorded in the Lunge pose (277.02 kPa), and the lowest in the Plow pose (241.37 kPa). These findings suggest that the current simulation engine lacks sensitivity to fabric-specific mechanical properties and movement-based variation. To address these limitations, this study proposes five optimization functions for CLO 3D, including material property input, technical textile databases, environmental condition settings, AI-based comfort prediction, and data management tools. These proposals are expected to strengthen the scientific validity, functional realism, and user-centered applicability of CLO 3D in designing sportswear, medical compression garments, and customized apparel. Full article

The fashion industry is facing increasing challenges related to textile waste and environmental pollution, driving the need for sustainable material innovations. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a biodegradable and non-polluting biomaterial, has emerged as a promising alternative for the sustainable transformation of fashion materials. Investigations into printing and dyeing techniques are expected to provide methodological frameworks for the design and functional application of BC materials, promoting their adoption and development in the fashion sector. This study, using the kombucha culture method, systematically investigated the cultivation, purification, plasticization, and drying processes of BC as a fashion material, examined its color characteristics using plant and reactive dyeing, and evaluated the effects of pattern printing and the feasibility of traditional plant pigment stencil printing, digital printing, and cyanotype printing on BC. Based on these printing and dyeing methods, digital printing combined with reactive dyeing—offering richer print effects, a wider color gamut, and higher rubbing fastness—was selected to realize the fashion design series Photosynthesis using BC as the primary material. This research contributes methodological insights into the integration of bio-based materials in fashion design and promotes the advancement of sustainable practices within the textile and apparel industries. Full article

Infant clothing represents a critical yet overlooked exposure pathway for heavy metals, with significant implications for child health and sustainable consumption. This study investigates cadmium (Cd) and chromium (Cr) contamination in 33 textile samples, integrating in vitro bioaccessibility assays, cytotoxicity analysis, and risk assessment models to evaluate dermal exposure risks. Results reveal that 80% of samples exceeded OEKO-TEX Class I limits for As (mean 1.01 mg/kg), Cd (max 0.25 mg/kg), and Cr (max 4.32 mg/kg), with infant clothing showing unacceptable hazard indices (HI = 1.13) due to Cd (HQ = 1.12). Artificial sweat extraction demonstrated high bioaccessibility for Cr (37.8%) and Ni (28.5%), while keratinocyte exposure triggered oxidative stress (131% ROS increase) and dose-dependent cytotoxicity (22–59% viability reduction). Dark-colored synthetic fabrics exhibited elevated metal loads, linking industrial dye practices to health hazards. These findings underscore systemic gaps in textile safety regulations, particularly for low- and middle-income countries reliant on cost-effective apparel. We propose three policy levers: (1) tightening infant textile standards for Cd/Cr, (2) incentivizing non-toxic dye technologies, and (3) harmonizing global labeling requirements. By bridging toxicological evidence with circular economy principles, this work advances strategies to mitigate heavy metal exposure while supporting Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 3 (health), 12 (responsible consumption), and 12.4 (chemical safety). Full article

This paper presents research in the field of computer-aided 3D clothing design, focusing on an investigation of three methods for determining the mechanical properties of woven fabrics and their impact on 3D clothing simulations in the context of sustainable apparel development. Five mechanical parameters were analyzed: tensile elongation in the warp and weft directions, shear stiffness, bending stiffness, specific weight, and fabric thickness. These parameters were integrated into the CLO3D CAD software v.2025.0.408, using data obtained via the KES-FB system, the Fabric Kit protocol, and the AI-based tool, SEDDI Textura 2024. Simulations of women’s blouse and trousers were evaluated using dynamic tests and validated by real prototypes measured with the ARAMIS optical 3D system. Results show average differences between digital and real prototype deformation data up to 6% with an 8% standard deviation, confirming the high accuracy of 3D simulations based on the determined mechanical parameters of the real fabric sample. Notably, the AI-based method demonstrated excellent simulation results compared with real garments, highlighting its potential for accessible, sustainable, and scalable fabric digitization. Presented research is entirely in line with the current trends of digitization and sustainability in the textile industry. It contributes to the advancement of efficient digital prototyping workflows and emphasizes the importance of reliable mechanical characterization for predictive garment modeling. Full article

This study focuses on the shift to a circular economy (CE) in the textile, apparel, and fashion (TAF) sectors, which generate tons of waste annually. Thus, embracing CE practices is essential for contributing to UN Sustainable Development Goals. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating PRISMA for systematic literature selection, BERTopic modeling and AI-driven SDG mapping, and case study analysis to explore emerging CE themes, implemented circular practices, and systemic barriers. Machine-learning-based SDG mapping reveals strong linkages to SDG 9 and SDG 12, emphasizing technological advancements, industrial collaborations, and circular business models. Moderately explored SDGs, namely, SDG 8, SDG 6, and SDG 7, highlight research on labor conditions, water conservation, and clean energy integration. Reviewing 655 peer-reviewed papers, the BERTopic modeling extracted six key themes, including sustainable recycling, circular business models, and consumer engagement, whereas case studies highlighted regulatory frameworks, stakeholder collaboration, and financial incentives as critical enablers. The findings advance institutional theory by demonstrating how certifications, material standards, and regulations drive CE adoption, reinforcing SDG 12 and SDG 16. The natural resource-based view is extended by showing that technological resources alone are insufficiently aligned with SDG 9. Using the Antecedents–Decisions–Outcomes framework, this study presents a structured, AI-driven roadmap for scaling CE in the TAF industry, addressing systemic barriers, and supporting global sustainability goals, highlighting how multistakeholder collaboration, digital traceability, and inclusive governance can improve the impact of CE. The results recommend that CE strategies should be aligned with net-zero targets, carbon credit systems, and block-chain-based supply chains. Full article

The widespread phase-out of long-chain per- and poly-fluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has created an urgent need for durable, fluorine-free water-repellent finishes that match the performance of legacy chemistries while minimising environmental impact. Here, the performance of an eco-friendly hybrid organic–inorganic treatment obtained by the in situ hydrolysis–condensation of triethoxy(octyl)silane (OS) in an amino-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (APT-PDMS) aqueous dispersion was investigated. The sol was applied to plain-weave cotton and polyester by a pad-dry-cure process and benchmarked against a commercial fluorinated finish. Morphology and chemistry were characterised by SEM–EDS, ATR-FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy; wettability was assessed by static contact angle, ISO 4920 spray ratings, and AATCC 193 water/alcohol repellence; and durability, handle, and breathability were evaluated through repeated laundering, bending stiffness, and water-vapour transmission rate measurements. The silica/PDMS coating formed a uniform, strongly adherent nanostructured layer conferring static contact angles of 130° on cotton and 145° on polyester. After five ISO 105-C10 wash cycles, the treated fabrics still displayed a spray rating of 5/5 and AATCC 193 grade 7, outperforming or equalling the fluorinated control, while causing ≤5% loss of water-vapour permeability and only a marginal increase in bending stiffness. These results demonstrate that the proposed one-step, water-borne sol–gel process affords a sustainable, industrially scalable route to high-performance, durable, water-repellent finishes for both natural and synthetic textiles, offering a viable alternative to PFAS-based chemistry for outdoor apparel and technical applications. Full article

A significant proportion of waste generated by the fashion industry is either landfilled or incinerated, primarily due to the high cost and complexity of collecting and separating mixed textile materials. While research in textile recycling often emphasizes post-consumer waste, less attention is given to pre-consumer waste, particularly cutting surpluses generated during apparel manufacturing—a labour-intensive sector with low automation and operational inefficiencies. This study addresses this gap by presenting a case study on the implementation of an automated system for collecting, transporting, sorting, and storing textile surpluses in an apparel manufacturing environment. The research aims to identify the barriers, benefits, and sustainability impact of such automation. Using both qualitative and quantitative data, the system is evaluated through key performance indicators including time reduction, ergonomic improvement, and process reliability. Results suggest that automation enhances intralogistics, reduces non-value-added labour, and enables better utilization of human resources. This case study offers a practical framework for apparel manufacturers to assess the potential of automating textile-waste handling, helping to justify such investments based on labour use, process variability, and environmental benefits. The study contributes to the broader discourse on sustainable manufacturing and supports the apparel industry’s shift toward digital transformation and circular economy practices. Full article