Search Results (2,734)

The Amazonian region comprises a set of ecosystems that play an essential role in stabilizing global climate and regulating carbon and water cycles. However, several environmental issues of anthropogenic origin threaten climate stability in this region: agribusiness, illegal mining, illegal timber exports, pesticide use, and biopiracy, among others. These actions lead to deforestation, soil erosion, fauna biodiversity loss, water resource contamination, land conflicts, violence against indigenous peoples, and epidemics. The present study aims to feature the current degradation process faced by the Amazonian biome and identify strategic alternatives based on science to inhibit and minimize the degradation of its biodiversity and water resources. This applied research, based on a systematic review, highlighted the complexity, fragility, and importance of the functioning of the Amazonian ecosystem. Although activities such as mining and agriculture notoriously cause soil degradation, this research focused on the scenarios of biodiversity and water resource degradation. The dynamics of the current Amazon degradation process associated with human activity and climate change advancement were also described. Ultimately, the study emphasizes that, given the invaluable importance of the Amazon’s biodiversity and natural resources for global climate balance and food and water security, anthropogenic threats endanger its sustainability. Beyond the well-known human-induced impacts on the forest and life, the findings highlight the need for strategies that integrate forest conservation, sustainable land management, and public policies focused on the region’s sustainable development. These strategies, supported by partnerships, include reducing deforestation and burning, promoting environmental education, engaging local communities, enforcing public policies, and conducting continuous monitoring using satellite remote sensing technology. Full article

This thought piece exposes the gap in the operationalised support in England for young people within the justice system who have special educational needs and disabilities. It exposes inequity within the system which serves to create barriers for justice-involved young people, who are likely to already be disengaged from education, in accessing appropriate provision. It presents gaps in key educational advice and practice relating to access to Education, Health and Care Plans as a route to support for justice-involved young people, identifying a negative bias for this group of children who are already marginalised. Within the context of an English Special Educational Needs system which is widely recognised as broken, and an ongoing parliamentary consultation into ways to improve the situation, this piece suggests key changes to reduce the inequitable access to special education provision for young people accommodated in the secure estate. These suggestions make a contribution to the agenda of English politicians and the Department of Education. Full article

Access to healthcare services in rural areas of Peru remains a challenge, with marked differences compared to urban areas. Despite the importance of primary healthcare (PHC) in these communities, the rural population has a negative perception of the role of nursing staff. This study aimed to assess the perceptions of residents in the highland communities of Huata and Ichu, Province of Puno, located in southern Peru, regarding the role of nursing professionals. The general perception of the residents was first analyzed, followed by an evaluation of two dimensions (Fieldwork and Health Education), which allowed for the development of the REFCO (Role of the Nursing professional in the community) scale. The sample included 329 rural adults, mainly between 30 and 59, predominantly female, with incomplete secondary education. The results showed an unfavorable perception (54%) of nursing staff performance. The fieldwork dimension reported low visibility of nursing activities in the community, such as home visits and health programs. The second dimension demonstrated that educational interventions were perceived as infrequent and of low impact, with insufficient adaptation to local needs. These results highlight the need to strengthen the presence and educational strategies of nursing staff in alignment with the cultural and demographic realities of rural communities. Furthermore, it suggests a greater need for interinstitutional collaboration and a more personalized approach to community activities to improve the perception and effectiveness of healthcare services in these areas. Full article

Background: Bronchiolitis accounts for a substantial number of pediatric hospitalizations and its epidemiology closely parallels that of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), its principal etiological agent. International guidelines recommend supportive therapy based primarily on oxygen supplementation and hydration. Methods: This study aimed to assess, across three pediatric wards, the impact of internal monitoring and targeted educational interventions on adherence to bronchiolitis management guidelines. Focus was placed on evaluating the effectiveness of tailored strategies in enhancing the appropriateness of treatment practices. Each center independently developed an audit and feedback strategy aligned with local practices and available resources. In Center 1, monthly staff meetings included guideline refreshers throughout the epidemic season. Center 2 appointed two attending physicians to monitor treatment prescriptions and report deviations. Center 3 established an internal protocol through staff consensus, followed by monthly review sessions. In this retrospective analysis, all consecutive patients admitted with bronchiolitis during the winter seasons of 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 (Period 2) were compared with those admitted in 2021–2022 (Period 1). Results: A total of 623 infants under 24 months of age were included, 451 (72%) of whom tested positive for RSV. Their median length of hospital stay was 6 days; 26 infants (4%) required intensive care, and no deaths were recorded. A comparative analysis of the treatment modalities used—high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) oxygen therapy, inhaled medications, corticosteroids, and antibiotics—revealed a reduced use of non-recommended therapies (e.g., nebulized β2-agonists, steroids, and antibiotics) in Period 2, alongside heterogeneous patterns in HFNC use. Center-specific strategies, tailored to team dynamics and resource availability, effectively promoted greater adherence to evidence-based guidelines. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that structured internal interventions can lead to more appropriate bronchiolitis management and the improved standardization of care. Full article

This study examines the role of Buddhism in the vitality of local languages as an asset of indigenous traditions, focusing on two geographically disconnected minority language communities: Tai Phake in the state of Assam, India, and Wutun (Ngandehua) in the Qinghai province of China. The investigation addresses various factors related to the ecology of speech communities discussed in connection with religion. The data are based on longitudinal observations from personal fieldwork in the respective locations over the past two decades. The descriptive and comparative analysis applies an ecology-based typology of minority language situations to assess the contribution of individual factors in three different domains (speakers, language, and setting) to the vitality of the Tai Phake and Wutun languages. The results reveal several areas in which Buddhism as a cultural authority has noticeably contributed to language preservation. The effects of Buddhism are considered significant in enhancing demographic stability, social setting, attitudes, awareness of historical legacy, education in monasteries, and sustainable economics. In contrast, religion does not account for the vitality of these local languages in situations where a low degree of dialectal variation does not complicate intergenerational transmission of language, the minority status of the speech community is unique, and space for language in the institutionalised domain of use is insufficiently provided. Full article

This study examines students’ learning for action towards sustainability when addressing a local environmental problem related to mining through an Inquiry-Based Science Education (IBSE) approach. A total of 54 eighth-grade students (ages 13–15) from a rural middle school participated in this study. Data collection included written group productions and group interviews, which were analysed using inductive and deductive processes. The results revealed three levels of the students’ learning for action: “What” (problem identification), “Why” (reasons for action), and “How” (local action). All groups successfully identified the environmental problem, and 64% demonstrated understanding of the reasons for action, showing concern for future generations and environmental preservation. At the “How” level, 50% of the groups recognised the importance of local action, 34% actively planned and implemented actions, and 29% developed specific competences for action, including systemic thinking, argumentation, and communication skills. This research demonstrates that using the IBSE approach to address relevant local problems facilitates the development of action competences for sustainability. Digital technologies emerged as important tools for the students’ actions. The study also provides a framework for understanding and analysing students’ learning for action. Full article

Background/Objectives: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a leading cause of cervical cancer. Despite the proven effectiveness of vaccination programs, global coverage remains uneven, with significant disparities across regions due to various socioeconomic, cultural, and political factors. This study explores the primary barriers to HPV vaccination worldwide and proposes recommendations to improve access to screening and vaccination programs. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted, analyzing studies published in the past ten years from databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Embase, following the PRISMA methodology. Study selection involved multiple researchers, with discrepancies resolved through consultation. The quality of the included studies was assessed using CASP checklists. The protocol was registered on Open Science Framework (OSF). Results: Out of 2119 records, eight studies were included. The findings indicate that the main barriers to HPV vaccination include insufficient public awareness, cultural and religious resistance, financial constraints, and limited access in rural and underserved areas. Additionally, political factors, such as low prioritization of HPV vaccination and the absence of supportive policies, were identified as significant obstacles. Multidisciplinary and cross-cultural collaboration, along with the integration of HPV vaccination into existing health programs, was suggested as a strategic approach to improve vaccine uptake. Conclusions: Barriers to HPV vaccination, including limited awareness, inadequate healthcare infrastructure, and socioeconomic factors, vary across regions but must be addressed to improve global coverage. Targeted interventions such as health education, inclusive policies, and culturally sensitive campaigns can significantly boost vaccine uptake. Strengthening local health systems and fostering international collaboration are key strategies to overcoming these barriers and ensuring equitable access to HPV vaccination. Full article

Evidence-based and theory-informed interventions focusing on parents of children with disabilities in low-income countries are scarce. This study examined the feasibility of Tiyanjane, a 12-week pilot intervention developed to promote parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities in Malawi. A mixed-method approach was employed based on five aspects of Bowen’s feasibility framework: acceptability, demand, implementation, practicality, and limited efficacy. Twenty-one participants (13 caregivers, four teachers, and four local leaders) participated in the study. Standardised measures, namely the Parent and Family Adjustment Scale (PAFAS) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), were employed to evaluate changes in parental practices, adjustments, and perceived social support. Qualitative data were collected using focus groups and in-depth interviews to assess the feasibility of the intervention. Tiyanjane showed promise in promoting parental involvement in the education of children with disabilities. The intervention demonstrated high fidelity, achieving 100% retention and 95% attendance. Local resources, commitment from participants and facilitators, and strong family school–community ties enabled the practicality and execution of the intervention. Significant improvements were observed in the PAFAS and MSPSS scores across the assessed post-intervention outcomes. Minor logistical issues including resource and implementation challenges were reported. Tiyanjane was feasible for the facilitators and participants in the Malawian context. Further studies are needed to assess the programme’s adaptation, integration, and expansion in other contexts before scaling up. Full article

This study explores the relationship between climate change awareness (CCA) and consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for urban short food chains (USFC), focusing on the mediating role of biospheric, egoistic, and altruistic environmental concerns. A structured questionnaire was conducted with 230 respondents in Tirana, Albania, and the results were analysed using the PROCESS macro in SPSS 25.0. The findings reveal that CCA increases all three environmental concerns; however, only the altruistic concern significantly mediates USFC participation, particularly by limiting food waste (effect size = 0.502, p = 0.002). In contrast, egoistic concern negatively affects WTP, highlighting a value–action gap in sustainable behaviour. Reducing ultra-processed food consumption emerges as a key driver of engagement, linking personal and environmental health to local food choices. Gender moderates these relationships; despite showing high ecological concern, women express lower WTP due to household and budgetary considerations. Supporting the model, the survey data show that 88% of respondents are willing to pay a premium, typically 10–20% more, for food products from their preferred origin, and 88% are also willing to participate in the Tirana USFC initiative. The highest WTP (30%) is reported among highly educated women with children aged three to five. These findings highlight the need for targeted urban food policies that account for sustainability’s psychological and demographic dimensions. Full article

This study aimed to examine the habits, attitudes, and consumption patterns of food supplements (FS) among gym users in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, with respect to gender, age, and training experience. Understanding these behaviors is essential given the rising global trend in FS use, often without professional guidance, which can have implications for individual health and public awareness. By investigating local patterns, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the motivations and risks associated with supplement consumption, contributing to evidence-based recommendations and policy-making in the field of fitness and nutrition. Methods: Cross-sectional data were collected from various fitness centers using an online questionnaire composed of 21 questions divided into three segments. A total of 614 participants (mean ± SD: 32.77 ± 9.82 years), including both male (67.8%) and female (32.2%) gym users, took part in the study. Results: Participants predominantly belonged to the 36–45 age group, with 70.0% (p < 0.001) reporting more than one year of regular gym attendance, and 40.4% indicating regular FS consumption (p < 0.05). Supplements were mainly used to support faster recovery (29.1%, p < 0.05) and muscle growth (25%, p < 0.05). Magnesium was the most commonly used supplement, equally favored across genders and age groups. Creatine, fish oil capsules, and multivitamins were also frequently consumed (p < 0.05). Self-prescription emerged as the predominant method of FS use (40.3%, p < 0.05), followed by advice from gym coaches (21.8%), with only 5.6% of participants receiving guidance from a nutritionist. Conclusions: The findings highlight a societal trend toward self-directed FS use, often influenced by informal sources, underscoring the importance of further research and the development of targeted, evidence-based educational strategies. Males reported higher FS consumption, with younger users more focused on muscle gain and older individuals prioritizing health maintenance. The reliance on non-expert recommendations raises concerns about the safety and effectiveness of FS usage in the fitness community. Full article

Amid urbanization, many forest farmers have migrated for work, leading to a shortage of young labor in forestry. Socialized prevention and control (SPC) measures have emerged as a new forestry model. By integrating forestland property rights theory, SPC economic principles, and collaborative disaster governance, this study compares the econometrics methods of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) and structural equation models (SEMs) to address correlation and endogeneity issues. It aims to understand forest farmers’ willingness to pay for SPC services, purchase forest insurance, and join as forest rangers. The findings offer theoretical and practical insights that address current challenges and rationalize SPC promotion costs, filling gaps in the existing literature. The results indicate that high-quality foresters with more home-planted forests are more inclined to hire SPC companies, while better-educated farmers are less likely to purchase forest insurance. Western forest farmers, highly reliant on forests, show greater willingness to become rangers under village committee organization. Farmers organized by committees or with prevention experience suggest SPC costs around USD $65/ha and forest premiums at USD $5/ha, with high-quality farmers proposing a ranger salary of USD $190/month. Recommendations include collecting SPC funds from farmers and supplementing through local finances; enhancing the forest insurance system; monitoring SPC companies; and recruiting young, skilled rangers. Full article

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted routine childhood vaccinations schedules, posing significant challenges among underserved communities. Understanding how different sociodemographic groups in Tennessee perceive and navigate childhood vaccination barriers is critical for developing strategies to improve vaccination rates and reduce vulnerability to vaccine-preventable diseases. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted to explore barriers to vaccination across diverse sociodemographic groups in Tennessee. Data were collected from caregivers/parents of children aged 18 years and younger across all 95 counties in Tennessee at community events and through partnerships with schools and other local organizations. Parental responses were analyzed to identify barriers in access, concern, and importance domains. The distribution of barriers across different sociodemographic groups such as race, income, education level, and insurance status was identified. Descriptive statistics, non-parametric tests, and log-binomial regressions were used to address the research objectives. Results: This study found that the most prominent barriers to childhood vaccination were concerns regarding vaccine safety and side effects. Significant differences in vaccine barriers were observed across racial and ethnic groups for access barriers (p < 0.001), concern barriers (p = 0.006), and importance barriers (p < 0.001). Parents with lower education levels, children without health insurance, and lower-income families faced disproportionate challenges across two of the three barrier domains studied (access and perceived importance of vaccines). Additionally, concern barriers (aPR = 0.998, p < 0.001) and importance barriers (aPR = 0.997, p < 0.001) were strongly associated with the parent-reported prevalence of up-to-date vaccination status. Conclusions: Addressing parental vaccination barriers related to concern, access, and perceived importance is crucial, particularly for underserved populations including low-income families, uninsured parents, racial/ethnic minorities, and those with limited education. A sustained, equity-focused approach integrating scientific communication, community engagement, and policy interventions is essential for increasing vaccine uptake and ensuring equitable vaccination access. Full article

Fossil plant localities are potential geosites, but related information is limited for some paleofloristic domains. Four geosites representing Visean (Mississippian, Carboniferous) plant-bearing deposits are reported from two areas of the Moscow Basin (central eastern Laurussia). These are the Mountainous Msta area in the northwestern segment of this basin and the Tula Region in its southern segment. The localities were examined in the field and characterized with criteria related to geoheritage properties (e.g., geoheritage types, physical view, accessibility, vulnerability, and research importance). One of these localities has already been established as a geosite (official status of protected area) and three other localities are proposed as geosites in this work (two of them are situated in the planned protected area). It is established that all considered geosites represent notable assemblages of Visean plants, with some exhibiting unique preservation and interesting sedimentary features, such as the “Tula pipes”. Essentially, the localities are small natural outcrops and abandoned quarries with perfect accessibility. They have potential for future research projects, as well as for geological education and tourism. Presently, their vulnerability is only potential, but it can increase due to touristic exploitation in the nearest future; thus, this property requires special attention. More generally, these geosites are important sources of the knowledge of the Early Carboniferous equatorial vegetation in eastern Laurussia. Full article

Rural areas face increasing threats from water-related disasters yet often lack the infrastructure and resources available in urban areas for effective disaster response and recovery. Understanding and improving rural resilience—the ability to withstand and recover from disasters—is critical for sustainable rural development, especially under pressures from the climate. This study introduces a practical, indicator-based framework to evaluate rural resilience by analyzing five key aspects: stability, hazards, exposure, vulnerability, and adaptability. Using Zhejiang Province in China as a case study, we examined changes in rural resilience from 2000 to 2020. Our findings reveal that regions with a strong economic foundation, diversified livelihoods, and well-developed healthcare and education infrastructure exhibit higher resilience, while those with high exposure to hazards and economic dependency on agriculture remain vulnerable. The study highlights the crucial role of adaptive capacity in driving long-term resilience, emphasizing targeted investments in rural healthcare, education, infrastructure, and economic diversification. By providing data-driven insights, this research contributes to SDG 11 by offering practical strategies for policymakers and local communities to enhance disaster preparedness and rural sustainability. Moreover, the framework developed here can be adapted and applied to other rural regions facing similar hazards globally, enhancing disaster preparedness and promoting sustainable rural development. Full article

Before the Anthropocene, Bedouin communities in Southern Israel were based on a clan structure—a kin-based social network; clans were culturally and socially homogenous communities with a strong authority structure. Work consisted of subsistence activities necessary for physical survival. Group-based authority and cooperative problem solving were adaptive in this ecology. Throughout the Anthropocene, the Bedouin of Southern Israel have had to adapt to diverse urban environments, expanded educational opportunity, and exposure to media emanating from different cultures. Our study explored the implications of these ecological shifts for epistemic thinking by comparing three generations of 60 Bedouin families: adolescent girls, their mothers, and their grandmothers (N = 180). Families were evenly divided among three residence types differing in degree of urbanization and degree of population homogeneity: unrecognized Bedouin villages consisting of single clans; recognized Bedouin villages, towns, or cities, consisting of multiple clans; and ethnically diverse cities. Results: Across the generations, media exposure and formally educated parents have weakened the epistemic authority of family elders, in turn weakening clan identity. Ethnically diverse cities have weakened extended family identity. At the same time, personal knowledge and professional expertise have gained new cultural importance. These changes in epistemology and identity are adaptive in the ecological environments that have multiplied in the Anthropocene era. Local identity was strongest both in diverse cities, with their many attractions, and in unrecognized villages, where the population continues to occupy ancestral lands. Full article