Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are molecules formed via non-enzymatic reactions between reactive dicarbonyls and macromolecules, including proteins, lipids, or DNA. Mitochondria sense and integrate stress signals and induce changes in cellula...
The growing increases in the global life expectancy and the incidence of chronic diseases as a direct consequence have highlighted a demand to develop effective strategies for promoting the health of the aging population. Understanding conserved mech...
Oxidative damage is one mechanism linking aging with chronic diseases including the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and function called sarcopenia. Thus, mitigating oxidative damage is a potential avenue to prevent or delay the onset of chro...
Oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation are recognized key drivers of diabetic complications. Lysosomal dysfunction, cellular senescence, and inter-organ stress signaling further aggravate the Redox–Inflammation–Organ Stress A...
Background/Objectives: Exercise is a key pillar in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but adherence rates to physical activity are poor. Pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy, termed magnetic mitohormesis (MM), has been shown in...
Mitochondria, essential organelles orchestrating cellular metabolism, have emerged as central players in various disease pathologies. Recent research has shed light on mitohormesis, a concept proposing an adaptive response of mitochondria to minor di...
The antipsychotic drug clozapine demonstrates superior efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia, but its intracellular mode of action is not completely understood. Here, we analysed the effects of clozapine (2.5–20 µM) on metabolic f...
The mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) is a stress response mediated by the expression of genes such as chaperones, proteases, and mitokines to maintain mitochondrial proteostasis. Certain genetically modified mice, which defect mitochon...
Coenzyme Q (CoQ) is an essential endogenously synthesized molecule that links different metabolic pathways to mitochondrial energy production thanks to its location in the mitochondrial inner membrane and its redox capacity, which also provide it wit...
The concept of hormesis describes a phenomenon of adaptive response to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). Similarly, the concept of mitohormesis states that the adaptive program in mitochondria is activated in response to minor stress effects. The m...
In a global aging population, it is important to understand the factors affecting systemic aging and lifespan. Mitohormesis, an adaptive response caused by different insults affecting the mitochondrial network, triggers a response from the nuclear ge...
Muscle function reflects muscular mitochondrial status, which, in turn, is an adaptive response to physical activity, representing improvements in energy production for de novo biosynthesis or metabolic efficiency. Differences in muscle performance a...
Exercise frequently alters the metabolic processes of oxidative metabolism in athletes, including exposure to extreme reactive oxygen species impairing exercise performance. Therefore, both researchers and athletes have been consistently investigatin...
This study compared the metabolic consequences of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) from donor mice that had been either administered pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy or exercised to recipient mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Eight wee...
The direct impact of microgravity exposure on male germ cells, as well as on their malignant counterparts, has not been largely studied. In previous works, we reported our findings on a cell line derived from a human seminoma lesion (TCam-2 cell line...
The impact of magnetic fields on cellular function is diverse but can be described at least in part by the radical pair mechanism (RPM), where magnetic field intervention alters reactive oxygen species (ROS) populations and downstream cellular signal...
Cancer poses a significant global health problem with profound personal and economic implications on National Health Care Systems. The reprograming of metabolism is a major trait of the cancer phenotype with a clear potential for developing effective...
Concurrent optical and magnetic stimulation (COMS) combines extremely low-frequency electromagnetic and light exposure for enhanced wound healing. We investigated the potential mechanistic synergism between the magnetic and light components of COMS b...
Socioeconomic factors have led an increasing number of women to postpone childbirth, thereby elevating the risks of reduced fertility, pregnancy complications, preterm birth, cesarean delivery, and chromosomal abnormalities. While diminished oocyte q...
Maternal metabolic dysfunction adversely influences embryonic muscle oxidative capacity and mitochondrial biogenesis, increasing the child’s long-term risks of developing obesity and metabolic syndrome in later life. This pilot study explored t...
C. elegans are used to study molecular pathways, linking high glucose levels (HG) to diabetic complications. Persistent exposure of C. elegans to a HG environment induces the mitochondrial formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and advanced glyca...
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are broadly implicated in the developmental programs of most tissues. Amongst these tissues, skeletal muscle and adipose are noteworthy for being essential in establishing systemic metabolic balance. TRP ch...
Intracellular reduction-oxidation (RedOx) status mediates a myriad of critical biological processes. Importantly, RedOx status regulates the differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) and matu...
Mitochondria–nucleus (mitonuclear) retrograde signaling via nuclear import of otherwise mitochondrial targeted factors occurs during mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt), a mechanism that counters mitochondrial and cellular stresses....
The variable patterns of DNA methylation in mammals have been linked to a number of physiological processes, including normal embryonic development and disease pathogenesis. Active removal of DNA methylation, which potentially regulates neuronal gen...
Hepatic ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a leading cause of organ dysfunction and failure in numerous pathological and surgical settings. At the core of this issue lies mitochondrial dysfunction. Hence, strategies that prime mitochondria towards...
Aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by progressive decline in tissue and organ function leading to increased risk of disease and mortality. Among diverse factors that contribute to human aging, the mitochondrial dysfunction has emerged as one...
Function of mitochondria largely depends on a characteristic ultrastructure with typical invaginations, namely the cristae of the inner mitochondrial membrane. The mitochondrial signature phospholipid cardiolipin (CL), the F1Fo-ATP-synthase, and the...
In this scoping review, we provide a selective mapping of the global literature on the effects of air pollution on the life-span development of the central nervous system. Our synthesis first defines developmental neurotoxicants and the model effects...
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are byproducts of aerobic respiration and signaling molecules that control various cellular functions. Nrf2 governs the gene expression of endogenous antioxidant synthesis and ROS-eliminating enzymes in response to vario...
Mitochondria are the first-line defense of the cell in the presence of stressing processes that can induce mitochondrial dysfunction. Under these conditions, the activation of two axes is accomplished, namely, (i) the mitochondrial unfolded protein r...
Mitohormesis is a process whereby mitochondrial stress responses, mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), act cumulatively to either instill survival adaptations (low ROS levels) or to produce cell damage (high ROS levels). The mitohormetic nature...