Search Results (5,984)

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors for refeeding syndrome (RFS) in preterm infants and evaluate its relationship with preterm morbidities. Methods: Preterm infants born before 30 weeks of gestation were retrospectively evaluated. RFS was diagnosed as phosphorus <4 mg/dL and/or calcium >11 mg/dL on postnatal day 7. Demographic and clinical findings were compared between preterm infants with and without RFS. Results: A total of 174 infants who met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. RFS was diagnosed with 60 infants (34.5%). The mean gestational age (GA) was 27 (range, 25–28) weeks in the RFS group and 28 (range, 26–30) weeks in the non-RFS group (p = 0.038). Mean birth weight (BW) in each group was 790 (range, 630–1000) grams and 1033 (range, 800–1310) grams, respectively (p < 0.001). The RFS group had a lower rate of antenatal steroid (ANS) administration, lower APGAR, length of hospital stay, and higher rates of small for gestational age status, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and patent ductus arteriosus (p < 0.05). On postnatal day 7, the RFS group had lower phosphorus and higher calcium levels (p < 0.001). After adjustment for GA, BW, Apgar score, and ANS, the frequency of RDS was higher among infants with RFS (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Preterm infants with RDS were more likely to develop RFS. Our results suggest that these infants require more frequent laboratory testing and closer follow-up to monitor for RFS and ensure timely electrolyte support. Full article

Background: Postoperative atrial fibrillation (POAF) is the most frequent arrhythmic complication following cardiac surgery, affecting nearly 20–30% of patients. While conventional risk factors such as age, hypertension, and atrial enlargement are well known, emerging evidence suggests that cancer itself constitutes a significant, yet underrecognized, contributor to POAF risk. Objective: This review aims to systematically examine the association of cancer with POAF, explore underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, and discuss clinical implications for risk stratification and management in cardiac surgical patients with concurrent or historical malignancies. Methods: A comprehensive review of recent literature was conducted using PubMed and Scopus databases. Studies focusing on the epidemiology, mechanisms, and clinical management of POAF in patients with cancer were evaluated. AI-assisted tools (OpenAI’s ChatGPT) were used for formatting the graphical abstract. Results: Lung, breast, gastrointestinal, hematologic, and prostate cancers demonstrate the strongest association with POAF. The arrhythmogenic mechanisms include systemic inflammation, hypercoagulability, direct cardiotoxicity from cancer therapies, autonomic dysregulation, and paraneoplastic syndromes. Integration of oncologic variables into perioperative cardiovascular care is essential for precision risk assessment and outcome optimization. In a recent prospective cardiac surgery cohort, active or historical cancer independently conferred ~4-fold higher odds of POAF (adjusted OR: 3.85, 95% CI: 1.54–9.66), with cancer present in 15% of POAF cases versus 4% of non-POAF patients. Conclusions: Cancer represents a pivotal and multifactorial risk factor for POAF after cardiac surgery. Recognizing its role calls for a multidisciplinary approach that aligns oncologic and cardiovascular care to mitigate arrhythmic risk and improve surgical outcomes. Full article

Background/Objectives: High-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) has gained increasing attention in dermatology as a non-invasive imaging technique capable of visualizing cutaneous structures with high resolution. In cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCL), including mycosis fungoides (MF)/Sézary syndrome (SS), HFUS may provide an objective method for assessing disease activity and monitoring treatment response. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of HFUS in detecting therapy-induced changes in subepidermal low-echogenic band (SLEB) thickness. Methods: We conducted a prospective, single-center study between May 2021 and May 2025. Thirty-three patients with histologically confirmed MF (n = 31) or SS (n = 2) underwent HFUS at baseline and after 4–8 weeks of treatment. SLEB thickness was measured before (E1) and after early treatment (E2). Patients received systemic agents, phototherapy, or topical regimens. Statistical analysis included mixed-model ANOVA with repeated measures to assess SLEB changes, and post hoc tests were applied to explore the influence of therapy type, age, and gender. Results: Among 31 evaluable patients with MF, HFUS revealed a significant reduction in SLEB thickness after treatment (0.90 ± 1.10 mm vs. 0.69 ± 0.89 mm; F(1,29) = 8.88, p = 0.006, η² = 0.23). The type of early therapy (systemic vs. topical) did not significantly affect outcomes (p = 0.452). Age emerged as a relevant factor: patients ≥ 66 years exhibited higher baseline SLEB values and a significant reduction post-treatment (p < 0.001), whereas no comparable effect was observed in younger patients. Gender did not significantly influence SLEB changes. Conclusions: HFUS is a sensitive and clinically applicable imaging tool for monitoring treatment response in MF/SS. Reductions in SLEB thickness were observed across therapeutic modalities and aligned with early clinical improvement. HFUS may serve as a valuable adjunct to standard clinical and histopathological evaluation in the routine management of MF/SS. Full article

Dietary flavonoids are emerging as multifunctional bioactive compounds with significant implications for the prevention and management of chronic diseases. Integrating the latest experimental, clinical, and epidemiological evidence, this review provides a comprehensive synthesis of flavonoid classification, chemistry, dietary sources, and bioavailability, with special attention to their structural diversity and core mechanisms. Mechanistic advances related to antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-obesity, neuroprotective, cardioprotective, and anticancer activities are highlighted, focusing on the modulation of critical cellular pathways such as PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and AMPK. Evidence from in vitro and in vivo models, supported by clinical data, demonstrates flavonoids’ capacity to regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, metabolic syndrome, adipogenesis, cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, and angiogenesis. An inverse correlation between flavonoid-rich dietary patterns and the risk of obesity, cancer, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative diseases is substantiated. However, translational challenges persist, including bioavailability and the optimization of delivery strategies. In conclusion, a varied dietary intake of flavonoids constitutes a scientifically grounded approach to non-communicable disease prevention, though further research is warranted to refine clinical applications and elucidate molecular mechanisms. Full article

Introduction and Objectives: Local recurrence (LR) in patients treated with surgery for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a significant clinical challenge that requires thorough investigation. Our study aimed to identify the relative risk factors and explore the optimal clinical management of LR. Materials and Methods: We conducted a non-randomized, observational, retrospective multicentric registry involving multiple Italian urological centers. We included patients treated with surgery (either nephron-sparing or radical nephrectomy) who later developed LR, defined as recurrence in the ipsilateral kidney or renal fossa. Patients with hereditary syndromes or metastatic disease at the time of LR diagnosis were excluded. Results: We reported 135 cases of LR with the following characteristics: most primary lesions were monofocal (85.7%), with a median size of 42 mm (23–53), the median R.E.N.A.L. score was 7 (6–8), and the median Padua score was 7 (6–9). Patients were treated with robot-assisted techniques in 59% of cases, laparoscopic surgery in 32.4%, and open surgery in 8.6%. Nephron-sparing surgery was performed in 75.2% of cases. Ischemia occurred in 61% of the cases, with a median ischemia time of 21 min (15.5–24). Intraoperative complications occurred in 3.8% of cases, while postoperative complications were reported in 13.8%, all of which were grade ≤3 according to the Clavien–Dindo classification. The primary tumors were pT1a in 43.5% of cases, pT1b in 26.3%, pT2 in 14.7% and pT3 in 15.5%. Histologically, 84% of cases were clear cell, 11.3% papillary type 1 or 2, and 3.7% chromophobe. Sarcomatoid/rhabdoid variants were present in 10.5% of cases. The median rate of LR was 1.3% (range 0.2–3.6), while the median time to LR was 18 months (12–39). LR occurred in the ipsilateral kidney in 70.5% of cases and in the ipsilateral renal fossa in 29.5%. The median rate of PSM in LR cases at initial surgery was 2.4% (range 0–4.3), while the median rate of negative surgical margin (NSM) in LR cases at initial surgery was 0.1 (0–0.3). Following LR diagnosis, most patients (49.2%) underwent surgery, 29.1% received cryoablation or radiotherapy, 17.1% received systemic treatment alone, and 4.6% followed a watchful waiting/active surveillance approach. At a median follow-up of 62 months, the highest oncological control in terms of 5-year cancer-specific survival and overall survival rates was achieved in surgically treated patients. The PSM, the histological variant, and their combination were found to be independent variables correlated with the occurrence of LR, with relative risks of 3.62, 2.71, and 8.12, respectively. Conclusions: LR after nephron-sparing or radical nephrectomy represents a significant clinical dilemma. Known risk factors are not always sufficient to predict recurrence, emphasizing the necessity of consistent radiological follow-up per guideline recommendations. Early detection of recurrence and a multidisciplinary approach involving expert centers are crucial for optimizing patient outcomes. Full article

Background: Cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) is a high-frequency congenital disease. Besides genetic background, maternal environmental factors may be involved in its incidence. We examined the effects of unbalanced diets and the intake of dietary supplements during pregnancy on the incidence of non-syndromic CL/P (NSCLP) via a case–control study design with multiple case groups. The case group diagnosed with NSCLP included 281 patients, 217 from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) data and 64 from the Aichi Gakuin University Hospital from 2011 to 2014. The control group comprised 87,477 (excluding cases with multiple births, chromosomal abnormalities, or complications) of the 104,062 fetal records registered in JECS. Results: The results revealed a significantly increased risk of NSCLP (aOR 2.86, 95% CI 1.63–5.00) in mothers who avoided two or more food items out of the investigated five, i.e., milk and dairy products, eggs, soy, fish, and beef. No association was identified in mothers who avoided one food. Conclusions: Providing nutritional support when multiple foods are avoided in daily food habits may be effective in reducing the occurrence of NSCLP. Full article

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) worldwide. Currently, approximately sixty percent of patients are cured with R-CHOP as frontline treatment, while the remaining patients experience primary refractory or relapsed (R/R) disease. Recently, the introduction of Pola-R-CHP as front-line therapy has represented a major advance in the management of DLBCL, resulting in improved outcomes. Prognosis of R/R DLBCL patients is poor, particularly for those eligible neither for chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy nor autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT), representing a significant unmet clinical need. The advent of bispecific monoclonal antibodies (BsAbs), such as bispecific T-cell engagers (BiTEs), dual affinity retargeting (DART) molecules and IgG-like bispecific antibodies, offers a novel promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of DLBCL, both as frontline treatment and in the R/R setting. BsAbs simultaneously engage two different antigens, a tumor-associated antigen and an immune cell antigen, redirecting T-cells against malignant cells and enhancing the immune response. Most BsAbs developed for the treatment of NHLs engage T-cells via CD3 and malignant B-cells via CD20, a surface antigen expressed on most lymphomatous cells. Engagement of malignant B-cells by BsAbs activates T-cells, leading to the release of multiple cytokines and potentially to two characteristic adverse events: cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). The most extensively studied BsAbs, in both the frontline and relapsed/refractory (R/R) settings, include epcoritamab, glofitamab, mosunetuzumab, and odronextamab. Epcoritamab and glofitamab have received FDA and EMA approval for R/R DLBCL after two or more systemic line of therapies. EMA has also approved glofitamab in combination with gemcitabine and oxaliplatin (GemOx) for patients with R/R DLBCL ineligible for ASCT, whereas this indication has not been approved by FDA. Odronextamab is approved by EMA for R/R DLBCL and FL in patients who have received at least two prior lines of therapy, but it has not been approved by FDA. Mosunetuzumab is approved by both agencies—but only for R/R follicular lymphoma (FL). BsAbs represent a breakthrough therapy in the treatment of DLBCL, especially in R/R diseases. The purpose of this article is to review the landscape of BsAbs in DLBCL. Full article

Background: Wheat or cow’s milk intake might influence the primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) clinical manifestations. A high prevalence (20–30%) of autoimmune diseases, including pSS, has been reported in non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS). This study aimed to identify the prevalence of self-reported NCWS and sensitivity/intolerance to other foods in patients with pSS, and to establish the specific clinical and immunological features of this subgroup of patients. Methods: 82 prospectively enrolled pSS patients were compared to 161 type 2 diabetes controls without rheumatological disease. The presence of a self-reported NCWS, and/or self-reported milk intolerance (SRMI), and/or multiple food sensitivity (MFS) was assessed by a validated questionnaire. Clinical and immunological features of pSS subjects, stratified according to the presence/absence of self-reported NCWS, were analyzed. Results: pSS patients had a higher frequency of self-reported NCWS (47.6% vs. 18.6%, p < 0.0001), SRMI (29.3% vs. 5.6%, p < 0.0001) and MFS (30.5% vs. 9.3% p < 0.0003) compared to controls. After the intake of wheat-containing products, 18 (21.9%) pSS patients reported the worsening of disease-specific symptoms, whereas 11 (13.4%) reported a significative clinical improvement after wheat-free diet (WFD) introduction. Moreover, 47.6% of pSS subjects complained of wheat-related gastrointestinal/extraintestinal disorders. No clinical/immunological feature differentiates pSS patients with and without self-reported NCWS, excluding a higher frequency of SRMI (39.5% vs. 11.9%, p = 0.01) and MFS (65.7% vs. 23.8%; p = 0.0004) in the former. Conclusions: This study shows a clear association between pSS and NCWS, confirming that wheat intake could be a common trigger of symptoms of both these conditions. WFD adoption seems to reduce both gastrointestinal/extraintestinal and pSS-specific symptoms in a subgroup of pSS patients, opening new possibilities for their clinical management. Full article

Background: Due to the wide host range of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), vaccination has been recommended for susceptible species in zoological collections, particularly to protect endangered species. The Zoetis^® Experimental Mink Coronavirus Vaccine (Subunit) was temporarily authorized in 2021–2024 for emergency use in North America for this purpose. However, there are limited data regarding its safety or efficacy in non-domestic mammals. The present study was conducted to assess the ability of this vaccine to elicit serum neutralizing titers against SARS-CoV-2 in selected animals from the Toronto Zoo (TZ) vaccinated during 2022. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 24 individuals across four families (Cervidae, Felidae, Ursidae, and Hyaenidae) and tested using a surrogate virus neutralization test (sVNT) and a plaque-reduction neutralization test (PRNT). Results: The results showed that all species developed some neutralizing titers after at least one vaccine dose, except for polar bears, which showed no seroconversion. Felids and hyenas had the highest neutralizing titers, which peaked at 3 and declined between 4 and 6 months after boost. These differences may stem from species-specific immune responses or lack of vaccination protocols tailored to individual species. Conclusions: While natural infection with SARS-CoV-2 could not be ruled out in the cohort of this study, insights from our results have the potential to inform future vaccine recommendations for non-domestic species. Furthermore, our study highlighted the value of competitive assays in assessing serological responses across a broad range of exotic species, for which reagents, such as anti-isotype antibodies, are often unavailable. Full article

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) cellular entry is facilitated by transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), which is regulated by the androgen receptor (AR). Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), widely used in prostate cancer treatment, may potentially modulate TMPRSS2 expression, affecting SARS-CoV-2 infection susceptibility and severity. We evaluated the impact of ADT on pulmonary TMPRSS2 expression in prostate cancer patients and analyzed differences in expression patterns associated with specific ADT regimens. We examined TMPRSS2 immunohistochemical expression in lung tissue from 20 consecutive autopsy cases of men with prostate cancer (6 receiving ADT at time of death), compared with non-ADT prostate cancer patients and age-matched women controls. Histoscores were calculated by assessing the percentage and intensity of pneumocyte TMPRSS2 expression. Prostate cancer patients receiving ADT showed significantly reduced pulmonary TMPRSS2 expression compared to non-ADT patients (mean histoscores: 152.7 vs. 225.0, p = 0.037) and age-matched women controls (mean histoscores: 152.7 vs. 238.0, p = 0.024). Direct AR antagonists (apalutamide, bicalutamide) produced greater TMPRSS2 suppression than Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone modulators or androgen biosynthesis inhibitors. No significant correlation was observed between the TMPRSS2 expression and Gleason score, PSA levels, or underlying lung pathology. Our findings demonstrate that ADT significantly reduces pulmonary TMPRSS2 expression, with direct AR antagonists showing the strongest effect. This suggests a potential mechanistic explanation for differential COVID-19 susceptibility and provides a rationale for investigating AR-targeted therapies as potential protective interventions against SARS-CoV-2 infection severity. Full article

Clopidogrel is widely used as an antiplatelet therapy for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Genetic factors influence variability in clopidogrel response, with non-functional CYP2C19 alleles increasing the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). While CYP2C19 genotype-guided therapy after PCI improves outcomes, MACEs persist at variable rates. Pharmacogenomics (PGx) has primarily focused on genes related to drug metabolism, but therapeutic failure may stem from individual disease predisposition. This study aims to identify novel genetic variants underlying adverse events after PCI despite PGx-guided therapy. A custom sequencing panel was analyzed in 244 ACS-PCI-stent patients and 99 controls without cardiovascular (CV) disease. Association analysis was performed independent of treatment and by prescribed treatment (clopidogrel or prasugrel), complemented by random forest models to predict risk during antiplatelet therapy. No polymorphism reached genomic significance, but in clopidogrel-treated patients, rs2472434 in ABCA1, related to altered lipid metabolism, was strongly associated with secondary CV events (p = 1.7 × 10⁻³). Variants in the clopidogrel pathway, including CYP2C19, ABCB1, and UGT2B7, were also identified and may influence clopidogrel response. Predictive models incorporating these variants effectively discriminated patients with and without events (p = 0.02445). Our findings support combined genotyping of CYP2C19 loss-of-function and ABCB1 C3435T variants to guide antiplatelet therapy and suggest additional targets, such as rs2472434 (ABCA1) and rs7439366 (UGT2B7), to improve risk prediction of adverse CV events. Therefore, the unexplained variability in clopidogrel response may be due to disease pathogenesis itself, highlighting the need for a paradigm shift in PGx studies. Full article

Fibromyalgia is a chronic syndrome characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, non-restorative sleep, and cognitive impairment. Its pathogenesis reflects a complex interplay between central and peripheral mechanisms, including altered pain modulation, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autonomic imbalance, and genetic and epigenetic factors. Evidence from neuroimaging, omics studies, and neurophysiology supports this multifactorial model. Epidemiological updates confirm a global prevalence of 2–8%, with a strong female predominance and a significant impact on quality of life and healthcare costs. Diagnostic criteria have evolved from the 1990 American College of Rheumatology tender points to the 2010/2011 revisions and the 2016 update, improving case ascertainment but still lacking objective biomarkers. Recent omics and systems biology approaches have revealed transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolic signatures that may enable molecularly informed stratification. Therapeutic management remains multidisciplinary, combining pharmacological interventions (e.g., duloxetine, pregabalin, milnacipran) with non-pharmacological strategies such as graded aerobic exercise and cognitive behavioral therapy. Emerging approaches include drug repurposing to target neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and nociceptive pathways. Despite promising advances, progress is limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneous cohorts, and lack of standardization across studies. Future priorities include large-scale validation of biomarkers, integration of multi-omics with clinical phenotyping, and the design of precision-guided trials. By synthesizing mechanistic insights with clinical evidence, this review provides an updated framework for the diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia, highlighting pathways toward biomarker-guided, personalized medicine. Full article

Background and Objectives: Hematological parameters are increasingly being investigated as readily accessible biomarkers for the diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between OSAS and albumin indices and the uric acid-to-HDL ratio (UHR). Methods: The demographic and laboratory data and AHI (apnea–hypopnea index) values of 613 patients who underwent polysomnography were obtained retrospectively from their files. Blood parameters such as white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), platelets (PLTs), C-reactive protein (CRP), albumin, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) were obtained from the files. Laboratory indices such as the BUN-to-albumin ratio (BAR), neutrophil-to-albumin ratio (NAR), RDW-to-albumin ratio (RAR), CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and UHR were calculated. OSAS was categorized as simple snoring (SS) (control) (AHI < 5), mild (5 ≤ AHI < 15), moderate (15 ≤ AHI < 30), and severe (AHI ≥ 30). The patients were also grouped as severe (AHI ≥ 30) and non-severe (5 > AHI < 30) OSAS and compared in terms of laboratory parameters and indices. Results: Of the 613 participants, 366 (59.7%) were men, and the average age of participants was 55.22 ± 11.13 years. The biomarkers such as RBCs, Hb, Htc, CRP, BUN, creatinine, uric acid, HDLs, CAR, RAR, BAR, and UHR showed significant differences between OSAS patients and controls. WBCs, basophils, RBCs, RDW, Htc, PLTs, HDLs, uric acid, RAR, NAR, and UHR indices were significantly different between the severe OSAS and non-severe OSAS groups (p < 0.05). BAR (OR = 1.151; CI = 1.056 − 1.256; p = 0.001) and UHR (OR = 2.257; 95% CI = 1.507 − 3.382; p < 0.001) were the most important indices predicting OSAS, while RAR (OR = 1.844; CI = 1.224 − 2.778; p = 0.003) and UHR (OR = 2.203; 95% CI = 1.496 − 3.243; p < 0.001) were the strongest indices associated with severe OSAS. Conclusion: In our study, RAR, BAR, and UHR indices were closely associated with the presence and severity of OSAS. These indices can be considered low-cost, readily available methods for predicting OSAS patients. Full article

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent endocrine disorder connected with insulin resistance (IR), low-grade inflammation, dyslipidemia, and altered adipokine secretion. We evaluated serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, visfatin, resistin, IL-6, and TNF-α in 150 women with PCOS, stratified by IR status (IR, n = 76; non-IR, n = 74), and examined their associations with anthropometric, metabolic, hormonal, inflammatory, and atherogenic parameters. Anthropometric data included body weight, height, BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), while IR was assessed using HOMA-IR and the Matsuda index. Serum adipokines were measured using ELISA, and lipid parameters and atherogenic indices—including non-HDL cholesterol, AIP, leptin/adiponectin, and adiponectin/resistin ratios—were calculated. Women with IR had higher levels of leptin, visfatin, resistin, and TNF-α, and lower levels of adiponectin. Leptin correlated positively with weight, WHtR, HOMA-IR, and atherogenic indices. Adiponectin showed the strongest and most consistent associations with anthropometric indices, HOMA-IR, and the Matsuda index. Resistin was linked to IR indices and IL-6, and visfatin correlated negatively with HDL-C and insulin sensitivity. In a multivariate general linear model, WHtR, but not HOMA-IR, remained independently associated with higher leptin levels and with atherogenic indices. These findings suggest that in PCOS, central adiposity rather than IR explains a substantial part of the adverse adipokine and inflammatory profile, thereby contributing to elevated cardiometabolic risk and highlighting the need for targeted treatment strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: A variant of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) known as Asperger syndrome (AS) shows increasing incidence worldwide, affecting between 0.02% and 0.03% of children. Patients display abnormal conduct, are limited in social interaction and communication, and are more often affected by micturition disorders, incontinence, and voiding symptoms than typically developing children. Methods: The present study aimed to review the literature related to the current management of lower urinary tract conditions in children with Asperger syndrome and to present a case of a 14-year-old girl with ASD, with characteristic impairments, including communication challenges, stereotyped, repetitive behaviors, and chronic constipation with concomitant bladder dysfunction, presenting recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs) and lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), including voiding and filling storage symptoms. For the AS, she was treated with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (Sertraline). An abdominal ultrasound, PLUTTS—pediatric lower urinary symptoms scoring (21); QL-quality of life (3); voiding diary; and uroflowmetry were performed, revealing an incomplete urinary retention (incomplete bladder emptying of 120 mL), a prolonged and interrupted curve, a maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) 7 mL/s, and a UTI with Enterococcus. Results: Besides psychiatric reevaluation and antibiotic therapy, functional magnetic stimulation (FMS) sessions were performed. After eight sessions (20 min, 35 MHz, every second day), the ultrasound control and the uroflowmetry showed no residual urine, and the Qmax was 17 mL/s. The curve continued to be interrupted: PLUTSS-11, QL-1. FMS was continued at two sessions per week. At the 3-month follow-up, no residual urine was detected, and Qmax reached 24 mL/s. Conclusions: ASD is an incapacitating/debilitating condition that significantly impairs social functioning. In many cases, in addition to psychological symptoms, other conditions such as LUTS and constipation may coexist. Antipsychotics and antidepressants are frequently prescribed for these patients, often leading to various side effects, including micturition disorders. Therefore, screening for LUTS is recommended, and, if indicated, treatment—especially non-pharmacological and non-invasive approaches, such as FMS—should be considered. Full article