69 Results Found

Despite the importance of landscape design and water-resources management for urban planning, urban-forest transpiration was seldom estimated in situ. Detailed data on different urban trees’ water resource use and the effect of climatic fluctua...

Subtropical mixed forest ecosystems are experiencing dramatic changes in precipitation and different plant functional types growing here are expected to respond differently. This study aims to unravel the water use patterns of different plant functio...

While the relationship between abiotic drivers of sap flux are well established, the role of biotic disturbances on sap flux remain understudied. The invasion of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, EAB) into North America in the 199...

Prerequisite for selection of appropriate tree species in afforestation programs is to understand their water use strategy. Acacia mangium Willd., Schima wallichii Choisy, and Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook are the three main vegetation restora...

Taking advantage of novel IoT technologies, a new multifunctional device, the “TreeTalker”, was developed to monitor real-time ecophysical and biological parameters of individual trees, as well as climatic variables related to their surro...

Oil palms (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) are increasingly cultivated throughout the humid tropics and are reported to have high transpiration rates. A potential contribution of stem water storage to transpiration has been discussed in previous studies. We...

Black ash (Fraxinus nigra Marsh.) exhibits canopy dominance in regularly inundated wetlands, suggesting advantageous adaptation. Black ash mortality due to emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) will alter canopy composition and site hydro...

Actual evapotranspiration is assessed via surface energy balance at an hourly rate. However, a robust estimation of daily evapotranspiration from hourly values is required. Outcomes of surface energy balance are frequently determined via measures of...

Plant water use is an important function reflecting vegetation physiological status and affects plant growth, productivity, and crop/fruit quality. Although hyperspectral vegetation indices have recently been proposed to assess plant water use, limit...

Short-rotation woody crops have maintained global prominence as biomass feedstocks for bioenergy, in part due to their fast growth and coppicing ability. However, the water usage efficiency of some woody biomass crops suggests potential adverse hydro...

Plant transpiration is a key element in the hydrological cycle. Widely used methods for its assessment comprise sap flux techniques for whole-plant transpiration and porometry for leaf stomatal conductance. Recently emerging approaches based on surfa...

Understanding the relationship between leaf phenology and physiological properties has important implications for improving ecosystem models of biogeochemical cycling. However, previous studies have investigated such relationships only at the ecosyst...

Efficient irrigation management is essential for optimizing yield and quality in specialty crops like hot peppers (Capsicum chinense), particularly under controlled greenhouse environments. This study employed a novel sensor-based system integrating...

Anthropogenic nitrogen deposition has the potential to change the leaf water-use strategy in the subtropical region of China. Nevertheless, the whole-tree level response crucial for the ecosystem functions has not been well addressed over the past de...

Research Highlights: The radial gradient of sap flux density (Js) and the effects of climatic factors on sap flow of Aleppo pine were assessed at different time scales in an eastern Mediterranean ecosystem to improve our understanding of the species...

Daily rates of whole tree water use were measured in a homogeneous 7-year-old plantation over 84 days. Two trees were selected in the two most contrasting ends, i.e., with mean water table at -1.5 m and -3.5 m. Results showed that the mean tree water...

Sap flow, the movement of fluid in the xylem of plants, is commonly measured with the heat pulse velocity (V_h) family of methods. The observable range of V_h in plants is ~−10 to ~+270 cm/h. However, most V_h methods only measure a limited portio...

In the face of ongoing climatic changes, understanding the species’ sap flow responses is of crucial importance for adaptation and resilience of ecosystems. This study investigated diurnal variability and radial sap flux density (Js) in a natur...

Research Highlights: During drought, reduced soil water availability and increased vapor pressure deficit diminished transpiration in a mature beech stand (Fagus sylvatica L.). Dominant trees were more affected than suppressed trees. The share of soi...

Native fruiting plants are widely cultivated in the Amazon, but little information on their water use characteristics can be found in the literature. To explore the potential impacts of plantations on local to regional water balance, we studied plant...

The transpiration of Nothofagus glauca (Phil.) Krasser and advanced Pinus radiata D. Don. regeneration was measured in a fragment of native N. glauca forest. Over the eight months of this study, P. radiata contributed approximately 60% of the total s...

Tropical rainforests comprise complex 3D structures and encompass heterogeneous site conditions; their transpiration contributes to climate regulation. The objectives of our study were to test the relationship between tree water use and crown metrics...

The effects of recent climate change, including warm winters and repeated temperature fluctuations during dormancy, can lead to freezing injuries that result in significant economic losses in the fruit industry. This study aimed to examine the physio...

High ozone (O₃) pollution impairs the carbon and water balance of trees, which is of special interest in planted forests. However, the effect of long-term O₃ exposure on tree growth and water use, little remains known. In this study, we analysed the...

Recent changes in rainfall patterns driven by climate change, including localized heavy rainfall, droughts, and prolonged rainy seasons, have significantly impacted grapevine growth and quality. An analysis of rainfall patterns in South Korea from 19...

Implied by the terminologies “Harang Reversal” and “Harang Discontinuity”, there are two significant features of the Harang region: (i) the reversal of auroral electrojets along with the underlying plasma convection flow and e...

To provide a theoretical basis for developing intensive cultivation practices for Populus tomentosa plantations, the leaf phenology variation within the canopy and its relationship with transpiration of well-watered P. tomentosa tree in a dense plant...

Small-scale treefall gaps are among the most important forms of forest disturbance in tropical forests. These gaps expose surrounding trees to more light, promoting rapid growth of understory plants. However, the effects of such small-scale disturban...

We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS to scale evapotranspiration (ET_actual) over agricultural and riparian areas along the Lower Colorado River in the southwestern US. Ground measurements of ET_actual by alfalfa, saltcedar, cottonwoo...

The study of forest hydrology and its relationships with climate requires accurate estimates of water inputs, outputs, and changes in reservoirs. Evapotranspiration is frequently the least studied component when addressing the water cycle; thus, it i...

The quantification of water flow through the stem is vital for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) to promote a good water stress management. The thermal dissipation probe (TDP) method developed by Granier is widely used to evaluate transpiration of f...

Transpiration is fundamental to the understanding of the ecophysiology of planted forests in arid ecosystems, and it is one of the most uncertain components in the ecosystem water balance. The objective of this study was to quantify differences in wh...

We have investigated the effect of the dawnside subauroral polarization stream (SAPS) and dawnside auroral polarization stream (DAPS) on the ionospheric ion upflow in the Northern Hemisphere by using four years of Defense Meteorological Satellite Pro...

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play important roles in the progression of obesity-related severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). This study aimed to investigate the alterations of autophagic flux within ATMs, as well as the possible regulatory mechanism...

This study aims to examine interactions between tree characteristics, sap flow, and environmental variables in an open Pinus brutia (Ten.) forest with shallow soil. We examined radial and azimuthal variations of sap flux density (J_p), and also invest...

Granier-type thermal dissipation probes are common instruments for quantifying tree water use in forest hydrological studies. Estimating sapflow using Granier-type sapflow sensors requires determining the maximum temperature gradient (∆T_max) between...

Xylem vessels are essential pivotal organs in bulk hydraulic flow through the whole woody plant. However, environmental constraints generate disagreements in xylem structures, which are characterized by air emboli and occlusions formations, compromis...

As the average temperature in summer rises and heat waves occur more frequently, the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon is becoming a social problem. Asphalt road pavement stores heat during the day, raising the surface temperature, and releases the...

Scrub mangrove forests, dominated by Rhizophora mangle L., are characterized by high porewater salinity, which might compromise individual sap flow rates (SF) due to seasonal and diurnal microenvironmental variations. We tested the functional, anatom...

Sap flow measurements of trees are today the most common method to determine evapotranspiration at the tree and the forest/crop canopy level. They provide independent measurements for flux comparisons and model validation. The most common approach to...

Phosphorus is a major essential element in plants, and the absorption and transport of P are related to crop growth and productivity. Phosphate (Pi) is absorbed in the roots and transported to the shoot. Plants store surplus Pi in the vacuoles. The c...

The authors have developed a scaling approach to aggregate tree sap flux with reduced error propagation in modeled estimates of actual transpiration () of three boreal species. The approach covers three scales: tree point, single tree trunk, and plot...

Sulfonated aromatic polymer (SAP) featuring hydrophilic nanochannels for water transport is a promising membrane material for desalination. SAPs with a high sulfonation degree favor water transport but suffer from reduced mechanical strength and memb...

Heat velocity (V_h) is a key metric to estimate sap flow which is linked to transpiration rate and is commonly measured using thermocouples implanted in plant stems or tree trunks. However, measuring transpiration rates in the Gramineae family, charac...

Since its first detection in 2013, Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca (Xfp) has caused a devastating Olive Quick Decline Syndrome (OQDS) outbreak in Southern Italy. Effective disease surveillance and treatment strategies are urgently needed to mitigate...

Humid boreal forests are unique environments characterized by a cold climate, abundant precipitation, and high evapotranspiration. Transpiration ( $E_T$ ), as a component of evapotranspiration (E), behaves differently under wet and dry canopy con...

Arid and semi-arid ecosystems represent a crucial but poorly understood component of the global water cycle. Taking a desert ecosystem as a case study, we measured sap flow in three dominant shrub species and concurrent environmental variables over t...

In forested regions, transpiration as a main component of evaporation fluxes is important for evaporation partitioning. Physiological behaviours among various vegetation species are quite different. Thus, an accurate estimation of the transpiration r...

Actual evapotranspiration (ETa) plays an important role in irrigation planning and supervision. Traditionally, the estimation of ETa was approximated using different in situ techniques, having high initial and maintenance costs with low spatial resol...

Evapotranspiration (ET_c) partitioning and obtaining of FAO56 dual crop coefficient (K_c) for olive was carried out with the SIMDualKc software application for root zone and topsoil soil water balance based on the dual crop coefficients. A simplified t...