Abstract
In this manuscript, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions for local fractional differential equations (LFDEs) with local fractional derivative operators (LFDOs). By using the contracting mapping theorem (CMT) and increasing and decreasing theorem (IDT), existence and uniqueness results are obtained. Some examples are presented to illustrate the validity of our results.
1. Introduction
Differential equations (DEs) with fractional order are generalizations of ordinary differential equations to non-integer order. Indeed, fractional differential equations have been subjected to many studies due to their frequent occurrence in different applications in physics, fluid mechanics, physiology, engineering, electrochemistry, and signals [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Therefore, numerical and analytical techniques have been developed to deal with fractional differential equations [9,10,11].
The existence and uniqueness of solutions of differential equations with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and the Caputo fractional derivative using the Schauder fixed point theorem, the lower and upper solution method, the contracting mapping principle and the Leray-Schauder theory have been investigated in some papers [12,13,14,15].
Very recently in [16], the author studied the existence and uniqueness of solutions of some classes of differential equations with local fractional derivative operators. In this paper, we are interested in the existence and uniqueness of DEs with LFDOs of the form:
and a system of DEs with LFDOs of the form
where
and , and are the LFDOs of order , and respectively and . By using a variety of tools including the (CMT) and (IDT), existence and uniqueness results are obtained.
The rest of this paper is organized as follows. In Section 2, we give some necessary notations, definitions, and theorems. In Section 3, we study the existence and uniqueness of solutions of local fractional differential Equations (1)–(3) by using the contracting mapping theorem. Examples are given to illustrate our results in Section 4. Finally, in Section 5 we outline the main conclusions.
2. Basic Definitions and Preliminaries
In this section, we present some basic definitions and theorems that are used to prove our new results (see [16]).
Definition 1.
Let us consider that is LF continuous. We say that satisfies a Lipschitz continuous (LC) if exists such that for all
Definition 2.
A generalized normed linear space on of fractional dimension is a mapping if it satisfies the following properties:
- 1.
- & if and only if
- 2.
- 3.
- , for and
Definition 3.
Let be a generalized Banach space (GBS), and let be a map. If a number and
for . Then is called contraction mapping (CM) on GBS .
Definition 4.
Let be a GBS and let . If and , then is called a fixed point (FP) of .
Theorem 1.
(CMT): A contracting mapping defined on a complete GBS has a unique FP.
Proof.
See [14].
Theorem 2.
Assume that ( is called a LF continuous set) and ( is called a LF derivative set). Then a point with
Proof.
See [14].
Theorem 3.
(Increasing and Decreasing Theorem)
- If on , then is an increasing on that interval.
- If on , then is a decreasing on that interval.
Proof.
See in [14].
3. Main Results
Here, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the LFDEs (1), (2) and (3). First, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the LFDEs by applying (the CMT).
Theorem 4.
Let us consider that is a map on the complete GBS such that for some is contracting. Then has a unique FP.
Proof.
Since is CM on , then we have has a unique FP
Moreover, since , then in other words, Therefore, is FP of . For uniqueness, assume that are FPs of such that then FPs of . Therefore
Theorem 5.
Assume that is LF continuous map. Then is LC.
Proof.
Since is LF continuous, then it attains a maximum value, denoted by
Now, let us consider .
Using Theorem 2, there is a point such that:
Theorem 6.
If closed interval, and is an LF continuous function and satisfies a LC, then the LFDE:
subject to the initial conditions
has a unique solution in
Proof.
Let the map be defined by
and
We first prove by induction that
In fact, for , we obtain
For ,
We suppose the desired inequality holds for .
Then,
Hence, the estimates (7) hold.
Now, we have
So far sufficiently large
and Tn is a contraction on
Therefore has a unique fixed point in which gives a unique solution to the local fractional differential.
Theorem 7.
If , and is a local fractional continuous function and satisfies a Lipschitz continuous, then the local fractional differential equation:
has a unique solution in
Proof.
Let the map be defined by
and
We claim that for all ,
The case is has already shown. The induction step is as follows:
Hence, the estimates (11) hold.
Now, we have
So far is sufficiently large
and Tn is a contraction on
Therefore has a unique fixed point in This gives an unique solution to the local fractional differential.
Next, we apply the increasing and decreasing test to prove the uniqueness of the solution of the system of LFDEs.
Theorem 8.
If , and is LF continuous and satisfies a Lipschitz continuous, then there is at most one solution of the local fractional differential system
that satisfies a given initial condition
Proof.
Suppose that satisfies the LC.
For any . Let and be two solutions of (12) such that
Let then
Since we obtain
Hence, we have
Thus, is a decreasing function.
Therefore for .
Since , we obtain , for . Hence, for .
Now, let us consider the case where .
Since we have
So is an increasing function.
Therefore for .
Since , we obtain , for .
Hence, for .
4. Applications
To illustrate the application of our results, let us consider the following examples.
Example 1.
The local fractional IVP
has a unique solution.
For this initial value problem, the integral operator is defined as
It is clear that is CM.
Now let . Then
In other words, , so is a unique fixed point of , which gives a unique solution to the local fractional IVP (13).
Example 2.
The LFDE
has a unique solution.
For this initial value problem, the integral operator is defined as
Then is a contracting map.
Now let
Therefore,
In other words, , so is a unique FP of , which gives a unique solution to the LFDE (14).
5. Conclusions
We have presented some existence and uniqueness results for an initial value problem of local fractional differential equations (LFDEs) and a system of LFDEs with local fractional derivative operators. The proof of the existence and uniqueness of the solutions is proved by applying the contracting mapping theorem while the uniqueness of solutions for system of LFDEs is proved by applying the increasing and decreasing theorem. The present work can be extended to nonlinear differential equations with local fractional derivative operators.
Acknowledgments
The authors extend their appreciation to the International Scientific Partnership Program ISPP at King Saud University for funding this research work through ISPP# 63.
Author Contributions
Hassan Kamil Jassim and Hossein Jafari wrote some sections of the manuscript; Maysaa Al Qurashi and Dumitru Baleanu prepared some other sections of the paper and analyzed. All authors have read and approved the final manuscript.
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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