Compensatory Growth Induced in Zebrafish Larvae after Pre-Exposure to a Microcystis aeruginosa Natural Bloom Extract Containing Microcystins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Bloom sampling
3.2. Microcystins detection and quantification
3.3. Preparation of the natural bloom extract
3.4. Exposure procedure
3.5. Calculations and statistics
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References and Notes
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Control | 0.03 mg·L−1 | 0.1 mg·L−1 | 0.3 mg·L−1 | 3 mg·L−1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time of beginning of hatching (h) | 73±0 | 76±0 | 77±0 | 84±0 | - |
Hatching duration (h) | 11±0 | 22±0 | 23±0 | 38±0 | - |
Hatching rate (%) | 66.6±1.19a | 52.2±1.82b | 47.7±3b | 45.5±3.44b | 0 |
Malformations (%) | 2.42±1.19a | 7.11±0.73a | 9.08±1.15a | 18.05±2.44b | - |
Larval length at hatching (mm) | 3.15±0.04a | 3.06±0.08a | 2.84±0.08b | 2.83±0.14b | - |
Larval length after 90% of hatching (mm) | 3.30±0.04a | 3.25±0.05a | 3.12±0.03b | 3.13±0.05b | - |
Specific growth rate (%) | 0.24±0.01a | 0.30±0.03b | 0.40±0.02c | 0.43±0.02c | - |
Time (min) | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 33 | 40 | 50 | 55 | 60 | 62 | 65 | |
Eluent A (%) | 65 | 65 | 55 | 55 | 35 | 0 | 0 | 65 | 65 |
Eluent B (%) | 35 | 35 | 45 | 45 | 65 | 100 | 100 | 35 | 35 |
© 2009 by the authors; licensee Molecular Diversity Preservation International, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
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Ghazali, I.E.; Saqrane, S.; Carvalho, A.P.; Ouahid, Y.; Oudra, B.; Fernandez Del Campo, F.; Vasconcelos, V. Compensatory Growth Induced in Zebrafish Larvae after Pre-Exposure to a Microcystis aeruginosa Natural Bloom Extract Containing Microcystins. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10, 133-146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10010133
Ghazali IE, Saqrane S, Carvalho AP, Ouahid Y, Oudra B, Fernandez Del Campo F, Vasconcelos V. Compensatory Growth Induced in Zebrafish Larvae after Pre-Exposure to a Microcystis aeruginosa Natural Bloom Extract Containing Microcystins. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2009; 10(1):133-146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10010133
Chicago/Turabian StyleGhazali, Issam El, Sanaa Saqrane, Antonio Paulo Carvalho, Youness Ouahid, Brahim Oudra, Francisca Fernandez Del Campo, and Vitor Vasconcelos. 2009. "Compensatory Growth Induced in Zebrafish Larvae after Pre-Exposure to a Microcystis aeruginosa Natural Bloom Extract Containing Microcystins" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 10, no. 1: 133-146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms10010133