Effect of Dietary Acidolysis-Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Supplementation on Serum Immune Parameters and Intestinal Immune-Related Gene Expression of Schizothorax prenanti
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Visceral Index
2.2. Immune Parameters
2.3. S. prenanti Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) mRNA Expression
2.4. S. prenanti Interleukin (IL)-1β (IL-1β) mRNA Expression
2.5. S. prenanti Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA Expression
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Preparation of A-OKGM
4.2. Composition of Diets
4.3. Feeding Trials
4.4. Sampling
4.5. Biochemical Analysis
- Spleen index = weight of spleen/body weight.
- Head kidney index = weight of head kidney/body weight.
- Gut index = weight of gut/body weight.
- Mesonephros index = weight of mesonephros/body weight.
- Liver index = weight of liver/body weight.
4.6. RT-qPCR
4.7. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Group | Control | Acidolysis-Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan (A-OKGM) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 (0) | 2 (0.4%) | 3 (0.8%) | 4 (1.6%) | |
Head kidney index | 0.0003 ± 0.00005 | 0.0004 ± 0.0001 | 0.0003 ± 0.00003 | 0.0003 ± 0.00002 |
Mesonephros index | 0.0023 ± 0.00028 | 0.0026 ± 0.00031 | 0.0032 ± 0.00021 | 0.0027 ± 0.00044 |
Spleen index | 0.0014 ± 0.00013 a | 0.0011 ± 0.00024 a | 0.0011 ± 0.00024 a | 0.0023 ± 0.00036 b |
Gut index | 0.0122 ± 0.00112 | 0.0118 ± 0.00056 | 0.0127 ± 0.00111 | 0.0139 ± 0.00033 |
Liver index | 0.0140 ± 0.0007 a | 0.0147 ± 0.00005 a | 0.0166 ± 0.00031 b | 0.0151 ± 0.00023 a |
Diets Component | Control | A-OKGM | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Formulation (%) | A 0% | A 0.4% | A 0.8% | A 1.6% |
A-OKGM | 0 | 0.40 | 0.80 | 1.60 |
Fish meal | 42.00 | 42.00 | 42.00 | 42.00 |
Rapeseed oil | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 | 3.00 |
Soybean meal | 21.00 | 21.00 | 21.00 | 21.00 |
Flour | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 | 20.00 |
Starch | 10.00 | 9.60 | 9.20 | 8.40 |
Bran | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Vitamin premix + choline a | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Mineral premix b | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Ca(H2PO4)2 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Nutrition level (%) | ||||
Crude protein | 35.2 | 35.2 | 35.2 | 35.2 |
Crude lipid | 8.19 | 8.19 | 8.19 | 8.19 |
TE (MJ/kg) c | 16.53 | 16.46 | 16.39 | 16.31 |
Ca | 2.02 | 2.02 | 2.02 | 2.02 |
P | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.52 | 1.52 |
Lys | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.87 | 2.87 |
Met + Cys | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 | 1.32 |
Genes | Forward Primer (5′–3′) | Reverse Primer (5′–3′) | Product Size (bp) | Annealing Temperature |
---|---|---|---|---|
TNFα | TGTCTGCTTCACGCTCAACA | AATGGATGGCWGCCTTGGA | 116 | 59 °C |
IL-1β | GGTGGTGAACATCATCATTGC | AGACGCTCTTCGATCACATTC | 120 | 55.7 °C |
IL-6 | CCACCTGTAACCATAAGAAAAGAAC | TTGCTCAAAATCTGTCCCCAT | 120 | 59.5 °C |
β-actin | GATTCGCTGGAGATGATGCT | CGTTGTAGAAGGTGTGATGCC | 218 | 55.8 °C |
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Chen, M.; Wang, S.; Liang, X.; Ma, D.; He, L.; Liu, Y. Effect of Dietary Acidolysis-Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Supplementation on Serum Immune Parameters and Intestinal Immune-Related Gene Expression of Schizothorax prenanti. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2017, 18, 2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122558
Chen M, Wang S, Liang X, Ma D, He L, Liu Y. Effect of Dietary Acidolysis-Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Supplementation on Serum Immune Parameters and Intestinal Immune-Related Gene Expression of Schizothorax prenanti. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017; 18(12):2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122558
Chicago/Turabian StyleChen, Mingrui, Shuyao Wang, Xue Liang, Donghui Ma, Li He, and Yaowen Liu. 2017. "Effect of Dietary Acidolysis-Oxidized Konjac Glucomannan Supplementation on Serum Immune Parameters and Intestinal Immune-Related Gene Expression of Schizothorax prenanti" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 12: 2558. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18122558