Overexpression of Lilium formosanum MADS-box (LFMADS) Causing Floral Defects While Promoting Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, Whereas Only Affecting Floral Transition Time in Nicotiana tabacum
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussions
2.1. Illumina Sequencing, De Novo Assembly, and Functional Annotation of the L. formosanum Transcriptome
2.2. Analysis of Differential Gene Expression in Developing Floral Buds and Vegetative Leaves in L. formosanum Transcriptome
2.3. Identifying LFMADS Genes in L. formosanum Transcriptome
2.4. Expression Patterns of Seven MADS-Box Genes of L. formosanum
2.5. Nuclear Localization of Seven lily MADS-Box Proteins
2.6. Ectopic Expression of LFMADS2, LFMADS4, and LFMADS6 Cause Floral Defects in Transgenic Arabidopsis, with LFMADS4 and LFMADS6, Further Causing Early Flowering
2.7. Overexpression of the LFMADS2, LFMADS4, and LFMADS6 Genes Induced Early Flowering in Transgenic Tobacco
2.8. LFMADSs form Protein Complex with Various MADS-Box Proteins
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Materials and Growth Conditions
3.2. RNA Isolation, Illumina Sequencing, Sequence Annotation, and Differential Gene Expression (DGE) Analysis
3.3. Cloning of the cDNA for LFMADS Genes from the Formosa Lily
3.4. Sequence Alignment and Phylogenetic Analyses
3.5. RT-PCR and Real-Time Quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR)
3.6. Genomic DNA-PCR and Genotype Analysis
3.7. Subcellular Localization of Green Fluorescent LFMADSs Fusion Proteins
3.8. Binary Vector Construction, Plant Transformation, and Analysis of Transgenic Plants
3.9. Scanning Electron Microscopy
3.10. Yeast-Two Hybrid Analysis and Spotting Assay
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
DGE | differential gene expression |
TF | transcription factor |
NCBI | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
SRA | Sequence Read Archive |
FDR | False Discovery Rate |
DEGs | differential expressed genes |
SEM | scanning electron microscope |
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Gene Name | ALL Transcriptome Unigene ID | PH-FB Total Counts | PH-LF Total Counts | Gene Length (bp) | Number of Amino Acids | MW (kDa) 1 | Isoelectric Point 1 | Accession Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LFMADS1 | FL_194 | 8071 | 13 | 687 | 228 | 26.18 | 8.68 | AHY82568 |
LFMADS2 | FL_2387 | 6698 | 7 | 633 | 210 | 24.53 | 8.99 | AHY82569 |
LFMADS3 | FL_4062 | 2144 | 0 | 546 | 181 | 20.98 | 9.14 | AHY82570 |
LFMADS4 | FL_3393 | 1067 | 44 | 738 | 245 | 28.62 | 9.21 | AHY82571 |
LFMADS5 | FL_12403 | 291 | 0 | 699 | 232 | 26.72 | 9.03 | AHY82572 |
LFMADS6 | FL_663 | 15291 | 1 | 729 | 242 | 27.58 | 9.16 | AHY82573 |
LFMADS7 | FL_1675 | 1219 | 1897 | 741 | 246 | 28.17 | 7.05 | AHY82574 |
Plant Genotype 1 | Number of Plants (n) | Days to Flowering 2 |
---|---|---|
35S::LFMADS2 | 45 | 28.8 ± 0.8 |
35S::LFMADS4 | 45 | 19.8 ± 0.8 |
35S::LFMADS6 | 45 | 24.0 ± 0.7 |
Columbia wild-type | 45 | 29.2 ± 1.3 |
Transgenic Tobacco Line | Number of Plants (n) | Flowering Time (days) |
---|---|---|
WT | 30 | 81.8 ± 0.8 |
35S::LFMADS2 | 30 | 45.2 ± 0.7 |
35S::LFMADS4 | 30 | 39.6 ± 0.5 |
35S::LFMADS6 | 30 | 41.6 ± 0.5 |
B-Class | C-Class | D-Class | E-Class | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LFMADS1 1 | LFMADS2 | LFMADS3 | LFMADS4 | LFMADS5 | LFMADS6 | LFMADS7 | |
LFMADS1 2 | +++++ 3 | ++ | – | ++++ | – | + | + |
LFMADS2 | +++++ | – | – | – | – | – | – |
LFMADS3 | +++ | – | – | – | – | – | – |
LFMADS4 | +++++ | – | – | +++++ | – | – | + |
LFMADS5 | n.d. 4 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. |
LFMADS6 | +++++ | – | – | ++++ | – | – | – |
LFMADS7 | +++++ | + | + | ++++ | + | – | + |
LFMADS 1 1+5 2 | LFMADS 2+3 | LFMADS 2+4 | LFMADS 2+5 | LFMADS 3+1 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
LFMADS6 3 | +++++ 4 | ++++ | ++++ | +++++ | +++++ |
LFMADS7 | +++++ | +++++ | +++++ | – | +++++ |
LFMADS 3+2 | LFMADS 3+4 | LFMADS 3+5 | LFMADS 4+2 | LFMADS 4+3 | |
LFMADS6 | – | +++++ | – | +++++ | – |
LFMADS7 | – | ++ | – | +++++ | +++++ |
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Liao, W.-Y.; Lin, L.-F.; Lin, M.-D.; Hsieh, S.-C.; Li, A.Y.-S.; Tsay, Y.-S.; Chou, M.-L. Overexpression of Lilium formosanum MADS-box (LFMADS) Causing Floral Defects While Promoting Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, Whereas Only Affecting Floral Transition Time in Nicotiana tabacum. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082217
Liao W-Y, Lin L-F, Lin M-D, Hsieh S-C, Li AY-S, Tsay Y-S, Chou M-L. Overexpression of Lilium formosanum MADS-box (LFMADS) Causing Floral Defects While Promoting Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, Whereas Only Affecting Floral Transition Time in Nicotiana tabacum. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2018; 19(8):2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082217
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiao, Wan-Yu, Lee-Fong Lin, Ming-Der Lin, Sheng-Che Hsieh, Althea Yi-Shan Li, Yueh-Shiah Tsay, and Ming-Lun Chou. 2018. "Overexpression of Lilium formosanum MADS-box (LFMADS) Causing Floral Defects While Promoting Flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana, Whereas Only Affecting Floral Transition Time in Nicotiana tabacum" International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 8: 2217. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19082217