Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Codoped Strong Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Highly Specific Quantification of Quercetin in Food Samples
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Preparation of NS-CDs
2.3. Characterization of NS-CDs
2.4. Quantum Yield (Ф) Measurement
2.5. Fluorescence Sensing of QT
2.6. Recovery Test in Food Samples
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Analysis of Morphology and Chemical Compositions
3.2. Optical Properties
3.3. Optimized Conditions
3.4. Sensitive Detection of QT
3.5. Fluorescence Quenching Mechanism
3.6. Specificity of QT Detection
3.7. Detection of QT in Food Samples
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Fluorescence Probe | Chemical Precursors | Linear Range (μM) | LOD (nM) | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|
Red-emissive CDs | Neutral red + catechol | 0.66–111.33 | 190.0 | [46] |
Boron-functionalized CDs | Ethylenediamine + 4-boronobenzoyl chloride | 0–28.5 | 28.8 | [47] |
N,Cu-codoped CDs | Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid + CuCl2 | 0–100.0 | 75.4 | [48] |
N,S-codoped graphene quantum dots | Citric acid + cysteamine hydrochloride | 0.17–33.09 | 56.25 | [49] |
Sulfur-doped graphene quantum dots | Citric acid + 3-mercaptopropionic acid | 0–50.0 | 19.85 | [50] |
Organosilane-functionalized CDs (SiCDs) | Citric acid + N-(b-aminoethyl)-g-aminopropyl methyldimethoxy silane | 0–40.0 | 79.0 | [51] |
Carbon nanodots | Glucose + ethylenediamine + nitric acid | 1.0–47.0 | 172.4 | [52] |
N,S-codoped CDs | p-Phenylenediamine + thioacetamide | 0–29.7 | 17.3 | This work |
Samples | Amount of QT Spiked (μM) | Amount of QT Detected (μM) | Recovery (%) | RSD * (%) (n = 5) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Red wine | 0 | 4.38 ± 0.05 | --- | 1.08 |
5.0 | 9.24 ± 0.23 | 97.2 | 2.53 | |
10.0 | 13.97 ± 0.20 | 95.9 | 1.42 | |
15.0 | 18.46 ± 0.50 | 93.87 | 2.72 | |
30.0 | 33.91 ± 0.46 | 98.43 | 1.35 | |
Onion | 0 | 1.50 ± 0.04 | --- | 2.56 |
5.0 | 6.22 ± 0.12 | 94.4 | 1.91 | |
10.0 | 11.13 ± 0.32 | 96.3 | 2.86 | |
15.0 | 16.84 ± 0.19 | 102.27 | 1.13 | |
30.0 | 30.59 ± 0.81 | 96.97 | 2.64 |
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Sasikumar, K.; Rajamanikandan, R.; Ju, H. Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Codoped Strong Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Highly Specific Quantification of Quercetin in Food Samples. Materials 2023, 16, 7686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247686
Sasikumar K, Rajamanikandan R, Ju H. Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Codoped Strong Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Highly Specific Quantification of Quercetin in Food Samples. Materials. 2023; 16(24):7686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247686
Chicago/Turabian StyleSasikumar, Kandasamy, Ramar Rajamanikandan, and Heongkyu Ju. 2023. "Nitrogen- and Sulfur-Codoped Strong Green Fluorescent Carbon Dots for the Highly Specific Quantification of Quercetin in Food Samples" Materials 16, no. 24: 7686. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16247686