Soil Nutrient, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Community Characteristics of E. urophylla × E. grandis Plantations in a Chronosequence
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Area
2.2. Design of Experiments and Collection of Soil Samples
2.3. Soil Characteristics Analysis
2.4. Extraction of DNA and 16S rRNA Illumina Sequencing
2.5. Statistical and Sequence Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Physicochemical Properties in Eucalyptus Forests
3.2. Enzyme Activity in the Soil at Different Ages of the Plantation
3.3. Soil Microbial Carbon and Nitrogen in Eucalyptus Forests of Different Plantation Ages
3.4. Soil Microbial Alpha Diversity and Beta Diversity in Eucalyptus Forests of Different Plantation Ages
3.5. Soil Microbial Community Composition
4. Discussion
4.1. Influence of Plantation Age on Nutrient Content of Soil
4.2. Effect of Plantation Age on Soil Enzyme Activity
4.3. Influence of Plantation Age on Soil Microbial Biomass and the Diversity of Soil Microbial Community
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Stand Age/a | Stand Density/N·hm−2 | Average Height/m | Average Diameter at Breast Height/cm |
---|---|---|---|
1 | 1250 | 3.74 | 3.49 |
2 | 1250 | 17.08 | 11.58 |
3 | 1250 | 21.69 | 14.43 |
Soil Properties | Soil Layer/cm | Plantation Age/a | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 5 | ||
Bulk density (g·cm−3) | 0–20 cm | 0.983 ± 0.06 a | 1.00 ± 0.10 a | 1.09 ± 0.12 a |
20–40 cm | 1.09 ± 0.05 a | 1.21 ± 0.08 a | 1.27 ± 0.17 a | |
pH | 0–20 cm | 4.86 ± 0.09 a | 4.71 ± 0.04 b | 4.63 ± 0.04 b |
20–40 cm | 4.77 ± 0.11 a | 4.68 ± 0.13 b | 4.58 ± 0.09 b | |
Cation exchange capacity (cmol+·kg−1) | 0–20 cm | 5.06 ± 0.11 a | 3.73 ± 0.18 b | 2.39 ± 0.07 c |
20–40 cm | 3.77 ± 0.17 a | 3.67 ± 0.31 b | 2.04 ± 0.38 c | |
Soil organic matter (g·kg−1) | 0–20 cm | 19.7 ± 0.67 a | 18.5 ± 1.29 a | 14.8 ± 1.16 b |
20–40 cm | 17.7 ± 1.55 a | 16.2 ± 0.94 a | 12.6 ± 0.76 b | |
Alkaline hydrolytic nitrogen (mg·kg−1) | 0–20 cm | 50.4 ± 0.80 c | 65.7 ± 0.89 b | 80.6 ± 2.29 a |
20–40 cm | 48.8 ± 1.36 c | 63.3 ± 2.18 b | 73.0 ± 4.84 a | |
Available phosphorus (mg·kg−1) | 0–20 cm | 32.3 ± 3.04 a | 8.20 ± 0.54 b | 5.63 ± 1.05 b |
20–40 cm | 10.2 ± 1.49 a | 3.21 ± 0.53 b | 2.86 ± 0.46 b | |
Available potassium (mg·kg−1) | 0–20 cm | 100 ± 6.95 a | 79.0 ± 5.67 a | 105 ± 5.18 a |
20–40 cm | 54.4 ± 6.89 a | 47.9 ±3.31 a | 57.9 ± 3.67 a |
Plantation Age/a | Soil Layer/cm | MBC/(mg·kg−1) | MBN/(mg·kg−1) | MBC:MBN Ratio |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0–20 cm | 242.5 ± 37.43 c | 19.09 ± 1.58 c | 12.7 ± 0.76 a |
20–40 cm | 168.1 ± 30.84 c | 16.25 ± 1.54 c | 10.4 ± 0.19 a | |
3 | 0–20 cm | 295.8 ± 11.09 b | 67.85 ± 5.39 b | 4.36 ± 0.48 b |
20–40 cm | 249.2 ± 10.17 b | 57.53 ± 2.92 b | 4.33 ± 0.46 b | |
5 | 0–20 cm | 367.4 ± 18.34 a | 91.51 ± 5.59 a | 4.02 ± 0.55 b |
20–40 cm | 331.9 ± 15.74 a | 64.50 ± 5.31 a | 5.15 ± 0.29 b |
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Zhang, Y.; Zhu, K.; Zhuang, S.; Wang, H.; Cao, J. Soil Nutrient, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Community Characteristics of E. urophylla × E. grandis Plantations in a Chronosequence. Forests 2024, 15, 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040688
Zhang Y, Zhu K, Zhuang S, Wang H, Cao J. Soil Nutrient, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Community Characteristics of E. urophylla × E. grandis Plantations in a Chronosequence. Forests. 2024; 15(4):688. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040688
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Yuhe, Kongxin Zhu, Shunyao Zhuang, Huili Wang, and Jizhao Cao. 2024. "Soil Nutrient, Enzyme Activity, and Microbial Community Characteristics of E. urophylla × E. grandis Plantations in a Chronosequence" Forests 15, no. 4: 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/f15040688