The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
- (1)
- Propose a framework to quantify the impact of select factors on urban street vitality under different time dimensions.
- (2)
- Apply street form (e.g., street density, continuity, height–width ratio), street business type (e.g., street function mixture, density, permeation rate), and street accessibility (e.g., street location, transportation, walkability, etc.) to comprehensively analyze urban street vitality.
- (3)
- Propose a ranking method and conduct a multi-factor analysis of street vitality to compare the impact of each factor to guide urban planning, public space design, and street vitality construction.
- (4)
- Provide significant insights for street vitality and studies regarding urban sustainable development.
2. Methodology
2.1. Overview of Methodology
2.2. Assessment of Factors
2.3. Case Study of Nine Streets
3. Results
3.1. Comparative Analysis of Street Forms
3.2. Comparative Analysis of Street Business Types
3.3. Analysis of Street Accessibility
3.4. Analysis of Street Vitality
4. Discussion and Limitations
- (1)
- The expression of street vitality is not only directly related to the number of active people, but also the amount of time during which people linger on the street. However, it is very difficult to comprehensively describe and record the lingering time of the population activity. We only used the number of people to express the degree of street vitality at the time of our investigation, which will inevitably result in some differences of assessing street vitality.
- (2)
- We selected streets built in different time periods to make our investigation objective. Subject to the time span of 30 years, the investigation data of some street environment factors were inevitably insufficient. More cases are needed for a comparative analysis. However, the number of streets we have selected and their representativeness are worthy of discussion.
- (3)
- In recent years, various types of online consumption, e-commerce, app take-out, and so on have evolved to meet most of life’s demands, thus reducing the amount of time people spend physically shopping. Therefore, we should consider the impacts of various virtual environments on street vitality in the future.
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Street Name | 0–200 m | 200–500 m | 500–800 m | 800–1200 m | 1200–1500 m | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NRA | NBF | NRA | NBF | NRA | NBF | NRA | NBF | NRA | NBF | |
Old urban area | ||||||||||
Hongmiao | 8 | 2 | 5 | 6 | 29 | 6 | 43 | 15 | 21 | 9 |
Chengxian | 5 | 1 | 20 | 3 | 26 | 4 | 39 | 7 | 33 | 2 |
Qingdao | 5 | 0 | 13 | 0 | 18 | 6 | 42 | 13 | 47 | 8 |
Main urban area | ||||||||||
Wufu | 6 | 0 | 16 | 0 | 21 | 1 | 36 | 1 | 38 | 7 |
Pipa | 4 | 1 | 13 | 8 | 47 | 9 | 64 | 4 | 109 | 9 |
Xiuhua | 11 | 0 | 15 | 2 | 35 | 2 | 45 | 4 | 41 | 4 |
New urban area | ||||||||||
Songhuajiang | 3 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 23 | 1 | 24 | 5 |
Fuchunjiang | 4 | 0 | 3 | 2 | 7 | 3 | 15 | 2 | 6 | 0 |
Xin’anjiang | 4 | 1 | 4 | 0 | 8 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 11 | 2 |
Street Name | Bus Stops | Frequency (hour) | Metro Stations | Frequency (hour) | Total Stops | Avg. Frequency |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Old urban area | ||||||
Hongmiao | 14 | 437 | 4 | 80 | 18 | 258.5 |
Chengxian | 12 | 354 | 2 | 40 | 14 | 197 |
Qingdao | 5 | 148 | 3 | 60 | 8 | 104 |
Main urban area | ||||||
Wufu | 12 | 251 | 1 | 20 | 13 | 135.5 |
Pipa | 5 | 196 | 3 | 60 | 8 | 128 |
Xiuhua | 14 | 447 | 1 | 10 | 15 | 228.5 |
New urban area | ||||||
Songhuajiang | 17 | 230 | 2 | 40 | 19 | 135 |
Fuchunjiang | 14 | 140 | 1 | 20 | 15 | 80 |
Xin’anjiang | 22 | 224 | 1 | 20 | 23 | 122 |
Street Name | Meticulous Design | Small Space | Rich Elevation | Advertise-Ment | Markers | Publicity Window | Greenery | Light-Ing | Pave-ment | Seat | Telephone Booth | News-Stand | Dustbin | Public Toilet | Bicycle Parking | Street Square | Open Space | Ranking |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Old urban area | ||||||||||||||||||
Hongmiao | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 6 | |||||||||||
Chengxian | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 3 | ||||||
Qingdao | √ | √ | √ | √ | 7 | |||||||||||||
Main urban area | ||||||||||||||||||
Wufu | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 4 | |||||||||
Pipa | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 1 | |||
Xiuhua | √ | √ | √ | 8 | ||||||||||||||
New urban area | ||||||||||||||||||
Songhuajiang | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 5 | |||||||||
Fuchunjiang | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 2 | ||||
Xin’anjiang | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | √ | 1 |
Street | Morning (08:00–09:00) | Afternoon (13:00–14:00) | Evening (19:00–20:00) | Average | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Old urban area | |||||
Hongmiao | 197 | 213 | 258 | 223 | 668 |
Chengxian | 163 | 245 | 201 | 203 | 609 |
Qingdao | 106 | 162 | 172 | 147 | 440 |
Main urban area | |||||
Wufu | 245 | 262 | 243 | 250 | 750 |
Pipa | 266 | 351 | 392 | 336 | 1009 |
Xiuhua | 114 | 82 | 159 | 118 | 355 |
New urban area | |||||
Songhuajiang | 88 | 85 | 93 | 89 | 266 |
Fuchunjiang | 141 | 148 | 190 | 160 | 479 |
Xin’anjiang | 206 | 259 | 184 | 216.33 | 649 |
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Xu, X.; Xu, X.; Guan, P.; Ren, Y.; Wang, W.; Xu, N. The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China. Sustainability 2018, 10, 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082797
Xu X, Xu X, Guan P, Ren Y, Wang W, Xu N. The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China. Sustainability. 2018; 10(8):2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082797
Chicago/Turabian StyleXu, Xiaodong, Xinhan Xu, Peng Guan, Yu Ren, Wei Wang, and Ning Xu. 2018. "The Cause and Evolution of Urban Street Vitality under the Time Dimension: Nine Cases of Streets in Nanjing City, China" Sustainability 10, no. 8: 2797. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10082797