Characteristics of Pressure Stimulated Current and Damage Evolution of Granite under Progressive Uniaxial Loading
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Material and Method
2.1. Specimen Preparation
2.2. System and Equipment
2.3. Experimental Procedures and Schemes
3. Results and Analysis
3.1. PSC Response Characteristics
3.2. Damage Evolution of Granite Analyzed by PSC
3.2.1. Analytical Expression of Damage Variable
3.2.2. Damage Evolution Law of Granite
3.2.3. Damage Constitutive Model for Granite
4. Discussion
4.1. Mechanism of PSCs from Granite during Damage
4.2. Application of PSC in Rockburst Prediction
5. Conclusions
- (1)
- PSC can be generated from granite during deformation, and its variation effectively reflects the different deformation stages of the rock. During the compaction and elastic deformation stages, PSC shows a gradual increase with stress. However, after the deformation enters the plastic stage, PSC exhibits an accelerated increase in response to stress.
- (2)
- PSC exhibits precursory behavior prior to granite failure. A stress drop is accompanied by a sudden and significant increase in PSC, which then decays rapidly. The growth rate and amplitude of the PSC associated with the main fracture are greater compared to those observed during a local fracture. Following the occurrence of the main failure, PSC experiences a sudden drop to pre-loading levels. In the case of a local fracture, PSC decreases slightly and continues to vibrate at a high value. The fluctuation following an abnormal increase in PSC during the accelerated increase process can serve as a precursor to rock failure.
- (3)
- The cumulative charge calculated based on PSC effectively reflects the damage process of granite samples. The stress–strain curve obtained using a theoretical constitutive model, established according to the defined damage variable based on cumulative charge, is in good agreement with the experimental results. This indicates that the damage variable defined by cumulative charge accurately reflects the damage evolution process of granite.
- (4)
- The carriers of PSC in rocks are primarily electrons, and their distribution follows the tip effect, with charge enrichment towards the crack tip. The generation mechanism of weak currents during rock damage involves the transfer, accumulation, and release of free charges. During the deformation process, currents are stimulated due to charge diffusion resulting from density differences. When a fracture occurs, currents are stimulated by the rapid release of accumulated charges.
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Specimen | σca/MPa | σy/MPa | εy/% |
---|---|---|---|
GLS01 | 117.2 | 116.4 | 0.720 |
GLS02 | 112.9 | 113.1 | 0.852 |
GLS03 | 107.5 | 108.2 | 0.755 |
Specimen | σf/MPa | σr/MPa | Du/s | Q0/pC | εi |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GLS01 | 124.9 | 5.96 | 0.952 | 7309.5 | 0.0074 |
GLS02 | 125.6 | 2.09 | 0.983 | 8815.6 | 0.0087 |
Specimen | εpt | εpe | Δεp | ε0 |
---|---|---|---|---|
GLS01 | 0.00660 | 0.00885 | 0.00225 | 0.00220 |
GLS02 | 0.00695 | 0.00960 | 0.00265 | 0.00330 |
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Li, D.; Wang, E.; Yue, J.; Li, M.; Li, L.; Wang, D.; Liang, W. Characteristics of Pressure Stimulated Current and Damage Evolution of Granite under Progressive Uniaxial Loading. Sustainability 2023, 15, 14526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914526
Li D, Wang E, Yue J, Li M, Li L, Wang D, Liang W. Characteristics of Pressure Stimulated Current and Damage Evolution of Granite under Progressive Uniaxial Loading. Sustainability. 2023; 15(19):14526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914526
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Dexing, Enyuan Wang, Jianhua Yue, Manman Li, Li Li, Dongming Wang, and Wei Liang. 2023. "Characteristics of Pressure Stimulated Current and Damage Evolution of Granite under Progressive Uniaxial Loading" Sustainability 15, no. 19: 14526. https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914526