Assessment of the Tourism’s Potential as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Terms of Annual Stability: Application to Spanish Rural Destinations in Process of Consolidation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Seasonality and Sustainable Development in the Rural Environment
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Alternatives and Measurement Proposal
3.2. Main Properties of the DP2 Method
4. Results
4.1. Main Results
4.2. Order of the Partial Indicators
4.3. Discriminatory Power of the Variables
5. Conclusions and Discussion
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Rural Destinations | DP2 2005 | DP2 2016 | Position in 2015 | Position in 2016 | Change in Their Position |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural Park Serra de Mariola | 11.3956 | 11.5100 | 42 | 15 | 27 |
Natural Park Alto Tajo | 13.2241 | 11.2024 | 39 | 16 | 23 |
Natural Park Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama | 11.5536 | 10.4399 | 41 | 24 | 17 |
Natural Park Hoces del Duraton | 10.9688 | 10.1770 | 43 | 27 | 16 |
Natural Park Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia | 13.3585 | 10.7325 | 36 | 20 | 16 |
Natural Park Arribes del Duero | 15.5997 | 11.8869 | 22 | 10 | 12 |
Canarias: Isla De Gran Canaria | 16.3973 | 12.4121 | 14 | 7 | 7 |
Natural Park Sierra Norte de Sevilla | 16.2687 | 11.8841 | 18 | 11 | 7 |
National Park Cabañeros | 14.5703 | 10.7251 | 27 | 21 | 6 |
Canarias: Isla De La Palma | 17.5952 | 13.2845 | 6 | 2 | 4 |
National Park Aigüestortes | 13.3581 | 9.5805 | 37 | 33 | 4 |
National Park Taburiente | 17.6443 | 13.3587 | 5 | 1 | 4 |
Natural Park Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias | 6.4674 | 8.1601 | 44 | 40 | 4 |
Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema | 16.3228 | 11.5839 | 17 | 14 | 3 |
National Park Picos de Europa | 13.2973 | 8.6245 | 38 | 38 | 0 |
Natural Park Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa | 14.0406 | 9.2611 | 34 | 34 | 0 |
National Park Sierra Nevada | 16.7373 | 11.7496 | 12 | 13 | −1 |
Natural Park Aiako Harria | 16.8786 | 12.2155 | 8 | 9 | −1 |
Natural Park Pagoeta | 14.3298 | 9.8245 | 29 | 30 | −1 |
Natural Park Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche | 17.4525 | 12.3984 | 7 | 8 | −1 |
Canarias: Isla De La Gomera | 17.8967 | 12.4895 | 3 | 5 | −2 |
Canarias: Isla De Tenerife | 18.0728 | 12.7668 | 1 | 3 | −2 |
National Park Garajonay | 17.8967 | 12.4895 | 4 | 6 | −2 |
National Park Teide | 17.9028 | 12.6682 | 2 | 4 | −2 |
Natural Park Sierra Nevada | 16.8611 | 11.7928 | 10 | 12 | −2 |
Cataluña: Costa Daurada | 16.3273 | 10.8395 | 16 | 19 | −3 |
Galicia: Costa A Mariña Lucense (Lugo) | 12.0798 | 6.0706 | 40 | 43 | −3 |
Natural Park Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas | 16.3927 | 10.9525 | 15 | 18 | −3 |
Natural Park Saja-Besaya | 15.5000 | 9.9947 | 24 | 28 | −4 |
Natural Park Calares y Cabeceras de los ríos Mundo, Tus y Guadalimar | 14.1595 | 8.9333 | 31 | 36 | −5 |
Natural Park Los Alcornocales | 14.8499 | 9.6483 | 26 | 31 | −5 |
Natural Park Fuentes Carrionas y Fuente de Cobre | 16.2200 | 10.2955 | 19 | 25 | −6 |
Pirineo Navarro | 16.1752 | 10.2037 | 20 | 26 | −6 |
Asturias (Principado De): Costa Verde | 13.4493 | 6.6756 | 35 | 42 | −7 |
Galicia: Rías Baixas (Pontevedra y A Coruña) | 14.1985 | 8.8783 | 30 | 37 | −7 |
Pais Vasco: Costa Bizkaia | 15.2801 | 9.6165 | 25 | 32 | −7 |
Natural Park Oyambre | 14.0565 | 7.7985 | 33 | 41 | −8 |
Pirineo Aragonés | 15.6005 | 9.8621 | 21 | 29 | −8 |
Pirineo Vasco | 16.8664 | 11.1376 | 9 | 17 | −8 |
Pais Vasco: Costa Guipuzkoa | 16.4717 | 10.6415 | 13 | 23 | −10 |
Baleares (Illes): Isla De Mallorca | 14.3741 | 8.5743 | 28 | 39 | −11 |
Natural Park Sierras Subbéticas | 16.8326 | 10.6765 | 11 | 22 | −11 |
Cataluña: Costa Brava | 15.5834 | 9.2567 | 23 | 35 | −12 |
Natural Park Alt Pirineu | 14.1333 | 0.0638 | 32 | 44 | −12 |
Growth, 2005–2016 (the Destinations that Reduced Their Seasonality from 2005 to 2016 Are Highlighted) | Number of Annual Arrivals, 2016 (the Destinations that Reduced Their Seasonality from 2005 to 2016 Are Highlighted) | Number of Annual Arrivals, 2016 (the Destinations with Better Positions in the Ranking Are Highlighted) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Natural Park Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias | 675.32% | Natural Park Alt Pirineu | 3987 | Natural Park Alt Pirineu | 3987 |
Canarias: Isla De Gran Canaria | 362.95% | Natural Park Serra de Mariola | 4020 | Natural Park Serra de Mariola | 4020 |
Natural Park Arribes del Duero | 246.53% | Canarias: Isla De La Gomera | 6239 | Canarias: Isla De La Gomera | 6239 |
Natural Park Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama | 225.62% | National Park Garajonay | 6239 | National Park Garajonay | 6239 |
National Park Teide | 207.17% | National Park Cabañeros | 6990 | National Park Cabañeros | 6990 |
Baleares (Illes): Isla De Mallorca | 195.99% | Natural Park Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias | 7978 | Natural Park Fuentes del Narcea, Degaña e Ibias | 7978 |
Natural Park Sierras Subbéticas | 181.90% | Natural Park Sierra Norte de Sevilla | 8175 | Natural Park Sierra Norte de Sevilla | 8175 |
Natural Park Pagoeta | 180.91% | Natural Park Alto Tajo | 9033 | Natural Park Alto Tajo | 9033 |
Natural Park Hoces del Duraton | 176.70% | National Park Taburiente | 9102 | National Park Taburiente | 9102 |
Galicia: Rías Baixas (Pontevedra y A Coruña) | 172.34% | National Park Aigüestortes | 9596 | National Park Aigüestortes | 9596 |
Canarias: Isla De Tenerife | 172.33% | Natural Park Sierras Subbéticas | 10,701 | Natural Park Sierras Subbéticas | 10,701 |
Natural Park Alto Tajo | 170.61% | Pais Vasco: Costa Bizkaia | 10,703 | Pais Vasco: Costa Bizkaia | 10,703 |
Natural Park Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche | 162.63% | Natural Park Hoces del Duraton | 12,147 | Natural Park Hoces del Duraton | 12,147 |
Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema | 157.98% | National Park Sierra Nevada | 12,532 | National Park Sierra Nevada | 12,532 |
Natural Park Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia | 138.58% | Natural Park Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia | 12,795 | Natural Park Las Batuecas-Sierra de Francia | 12,795 |
Canarias: Isla De La Palma | 134.45% | Natural Park Sierra Nevada | 12,936 | Natural Park Sierra Nevada | 12,936 |
Natural Park Sierra Norte de Sevilla | 120.59% | Canarias: Isla De La Palma | 14,178 | Canarias: Isla De La Palma | 14,178 |
Natural Park Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa | 120.31% | Galicia: Costa A Mariña Lucense (Lugo) | 14,528 | Galicia: Costa A Mariña Lucense (Lugo) | 14,528 |
National Park Aigüestortes | 119.74% | Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema | 14,827 | Natural Park Sierra de Grazalema | 14,827 |
National Park Taburiente | 111.45% | Natural Park Arribes del Duero | 15,043 | Natural Park Arribes del Duero | 15,043 |
Natural Park Serra de Mariola | 105.34% | Natural Park Aiako Harria | 15,179 | Natural Park Aiako Harria | 15,179 |
Cataluña: Costa Brava | 103.76% | Canarias: Isla De Gran Canaria | 15,546 | Canarias: Isla De Gran Canaria | 15,546 |
National Park Cabañeros | 101.15% | Natural Park Oyambre | 15,576 | Natural Park Oyambre | 15,576 |
Asturias (Principado De): Costa Verde | 100.41% | Natural Park Fuentes Carrionas y Fuente de Cobre | 15,690 | Natural Park Fuentes Carrionas y Fuente de Cobre | 15,690 |
Natural Park Calares y Cabeceras de los ríos Mundo, Tus y Guadalimar | 97.58% | Natural Park Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas | 15,877 | Natural Park Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas | 15,877 |
Pirineo Navarro | 92.88% | Natural Park Pagoeta | 16,630 | Natural Park Pagoeta | 16,630 |
Pirineo Vasco | 78.10% | Natural Park Calares y Cabeceras de los ríos Mundo, Tus y Guadalimar | 17,814 | Natural Park Calares y Cabeceras de los ríos Mundo, Tus y Guadalimar | 17,814 |
Pais Vasco: Costa Guipuzkoa | 75.57% | Natural Park Los Alcornocales | 18,395 | Natural Park Los Alcornocales | 18,395 |
Galicia: Costa A Mariña Lucense (Lugo) | 69.19% | Natural Park Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa | 18,806 | Natural Park Zona Volcánica de la Garrotxa | 18,806 |
Natural Park Los Alcornocales | 64.99% | Natural Park Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche | 21,113 | Natural Park Sierra de Aracena y Picos de Aroche | 21,113 |
National Park Picos de Europa | 58.32% | Natural Park Saja-Besaya | 21,812 | Natural Park Saja-Besaya | 21,812 |
National Park Sierra Nevada | 54.58% | Cataluña: Costa Daurada | 27,201 | Cataluña: Costa Daurada | 27,201 |
Natural Park Sierras de Cazorla, Segura y las Villas | 53.25% | Natural Park Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama | 28,622 | Natural Park Sierras de Tejeda, Almijara y Alhama | 28,622 |
Pirineo Aragonés | 45.53% | National Park Teide | 29,095 | National Park Teide | 29,095 |
Natural Park Saja-Besaya | 43.45% | Pais Vasco: Costa Guipuzkoa | 32,543 | Pais Vasco: Costa Guipuzkoa | 32,543 |
Natural Park Aiako Harria | 43.23% | Canarias: Isla De Tenerife | 37,903 | Canarias: Isla De Tenerife | 37,903 |
Pais Vasco: Costa Bizkaia | 34.17% | Pirineo Vasco | 44,429 | Pirineo Vasco | 44,429 |
Natural Park Sierra Nevada | 31.62% | Galicia: Rías Baixas (Pontevedra y A Coruña) | 47,425 | Galicia: Rías Baixas (Pontevedra y A Coruña) | 47,425 |
Canarias: Isla De La Gomera | 25.33% | National Park Picos de Europa | 57,668 | National Park Picos de Europa | 57,668 |
National Park Garajonay | 25.33% | Asturias (Principado De): Costa Verde | 86,199 | Asturias (Principado De): Costa Verde | 86,199 |
Cataluña: Costa Daurada | 5.41% | Pirineo Aragonés | 87,396 | Pirineo Aragonés | 87,396 |
Natural Park Fuentes Carrionas y Fuente de Cobre | −0.75% | Cataluña: Costa Brava | 89,587 | Cataluña: Costa Brava | 89,587 |
Natural Park Oyambre | −10.35% | Pirineo Navarro | 125,759 | Pirineo Navarro | 125,759 |
Natural Park Alt Pirineu | −63.36% | Baleares (Illes): Isla De Mallorca | 191,710 | Baleares (Illes): Isla De Mallorca | 191,710 |
Position | Variable | Correction Factor |
---|---|---|
1 | Occupancy during the weekend | 1.0000 |
2 | Staff | 0.7741 |
3 | Foreign tourists | 0.7503 |
4 | Average length of stay | 0.2041 |
5 | Overnight stays by national tourists | 0.1908 |
6 | Overnight stays by foreign tourists | 0.1898 |
7 | Places offered | 0.1640 |
8 | National tourists | 0.1610 |
9 | Occupancy | 0.1203 |
Position | Variable | IDC |
---|---|---|
1 | Places offered | 0.0341 |
2 | Staff | 0.0255 |
3 | Occupancy | 0.0238 |
4 | Foreign travellers | 0.0228 |
5 | Occupancy during the weekend | 0.0224 |
6 | Overnight stays by foreign travellers | 0.0210 |
7 | Average length of stay | 0.0174 |
8 | National travellers | 0.0138 |
9 | Overnight stays by national travellers | 0.0121 |
© 2017 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Martín Martín, J.M.; Salinas Fernández, J.A.; Rodríguez Martín, J.A.; Jiménez Aguilera, J.D.D. Assessment of the Tourism’s Potential as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Terms of Annual Stability: Application to Spanish Rural Destinations in Process of Consolidation. Sustainability 2017, 9, 1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101692
Martín Martín JM, Salinas Fernández JA, Rodríguez Martín JA, Jiménez Aguilera JDD. Assessment of the Tourism’s Potential as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Terms of Annual Stability: Application to Spanish Rural Destinations in Process of Consolidation. Sustainability. 2017; 9(10):1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101692
Chicago/Turabian StyleMartín Martín, José María, Jose Antonio Salinas Fernández, José Antonio Rodríguez Martín, and Juan De Dios Jiménez Aguilera. 2017. "Assessment of the Tourism’s Potential as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Terms of Annual Stability: Application to Spanish Rural Destinations in Process of Consolidation" Sustainability 9, no. 10: 1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101692
APA StyleMartín Martín, J. M., Salinas Fernández, J. A., Rodríguez Martín, J. A., & Jiménez Aguilera, J. D. D. (2017). Assessment of the Tourism’s Potential as a Sustainable Development Instrument in Terms of Annual Stability: Application to Spanish Rural Destinations in Process of Consolidation. Sustainability, 9(10), 1692. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9101692