L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Animals and Treatment
2.3. Serum Biochemical Analysis
2.4. Antioxidant Markers
2.5. Histological and Immunohistochemical Techniques
2.6. Histological Lesion Scoring and Image Analysis
2.7. Ultrastructure Study
2.8. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Body Weight
3.2. Biochemical Parameters
3.2.1. Glucose Homeostasis
3.2.2. Lipid Profile
3.2.3. Liver Enzymes
3.3. Antioxidant Markers
3.4. The Histological Observations
3.5. Immunohistochemical Observations
3.6. Ultrastructure Alterations
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Groups | Body Weight | Glucose (mg/L) | Insulin (uIU/mL) | HOMA-IR | ALT(U/L) | AST (U/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control | 157.67 ± 5.28 | 86.17 ± 8.1 | 16.67 ± 1.15 | 3.73 ± 0.39 | 48.17 ± 4.67 | 94.5 ± 9.42 |
HCD | 259.83 ± 5.27 acde | 138.22 ± 4.22 acde | 21.6 ± 3.51 e | 5.1 ± 0.55 a | 91.67 ± 4.18 acde | 166 ± 11.08 acde |
HCD + LC | 218.83 ± 3.43 abe | 119.12 ± 4.02 abe | 18.83 ± 2.52 | 4.88 ± 0.46 a | 62.5 ± 5.86 ab | 118 ± 8.74 ab |
HCD + GB | 228 ± 7.48 abe | 119.28 ± 4.83 abe | 16.63 ± 1.31 | 4.78 ± 0.48 a | 62 ± 5.18 ab | 118.33 ± 5.47 abc |
HCD + LC + GB | 191.83 ± 5.19 abcd | 94.76 ± 3.79 bcd | 15.23 ± 1.68 b | 4.087 ± 0.44 | 55 ± 4 b | 113.33 ± 3.72 ab |
Groups | Control (Standard Diet) | HCD | HCD + LC | HCD + GB | HCD + LC + GB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lesions | |||||
Hepatic steatosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 2.70 ± 0.00 a | 1.00 ± 0.00 ab | 1.20 ± 0.00 ab | 0.50 ± 0.00 b |
Ballooning degeneration | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 2.00 ± 0.00 a | 1.00 ± 0.00 ab | 0.60 ± 0.00 ab | 0.20 ± 0.00 b |
Lobular inflammation | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 2.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.60 ± 0.00 ab | 0.40 ± 0.00 b | 0.10 ± 0.00 b |
Hepatic fibrosis | 0.00 ± 0.00 b | 3.00 ± 0.00 a | 1.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.50 ± 0.00 b | 0.30 ± 0.00 b |
Steatosis grade; 5% (0), 5–33% (1), 34–66% (2), 66% (3). | |||||
Hepatocellular ballooning: none (0), little ballooned hepatocytes (1), several ballooned hepatocytes (2). | |||||
Lobular inflammation: no foci (0), 2 foci (1), 2–4 foci (2), 4 foci (3) per 20× field. | |||||
Hepatic fibrosis: No fibrosis (0), fibrous with or without short septa in some portal areas (1), fibrous with or without short septa in most of the portal tracts (2), fibrous with portal-portal bridges in most portal areas (3), fibrous with portal-portal bridges and portal enter bridges in portal areas (4), noticeable portal-portal bridges or/and bridges with occasional nodules (5), and cirrhosis (6). |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Nofal, A.E.; AboShabaan, H.S.; Fadda, W.A.; Ereba, R.E.; Elsharkawy, S.M.; Hathout, H.M. L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism. Cells 2024, 13, 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13090732
Nofal AE, AboShabaan HS, Fadda WA, Ereba RE, Elsharkawy SM, Hathout HM. L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism. Cells. 2024; 13(9):732. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13090732
Chicago/Turabian StyleNofal, Amany E., Hind S. AboShabaan, Walaa A. Fadda, Rafik E. Ereba, Sherin M. Elsharkawy, and Heba M. Hathout. 2024. "L-carnitine and Ginkgo biloba Supplementation In Vivo Ameliorates HCD-Induced Steatohepatitis and Dyslipidemia by Regulating Hepatic Metabolism" Cells 13, no. 9: 732. https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13090732