Improving Air Pollution Modelling in Complex Terrain with a Coupled WRF–LOTOS–EUROS Approach: A Case Study in Aburrá Valley, Colombia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. LOTOS–EUROS Model
2.2. Meteorological Model Weather Research Forecast
2.3. Experimental Setup
2.4. Statistical Performance Metrics
2.5. Ground-Based Sensor Network for Validation
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Comparison of ECMWF and WRF Meteorology
3.2. Comparison of Pollutants Dispersion Patterns of LOTOS–EUROS Model with Both Meteorology
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WRF | |||
Domain | Latitude | Longitude | Resolution grid |
D1 | −8.86401, 19.0911 | −86.6947, −59.2753 | 30 |
D2 | −4.94672, 14.7199 | −84.929, −65.0916 | 10 |
D3 | 3.7342, 9.0649 | −78.1088, −73.6774 | 3.3 |
D4 | 5.3792, 7.2945 | −76.4586, −74.9814 | 1.1 |
LOTOS–EUROS | |||
Domain | Latitude | Longitude | Resolution grid |
D1 | −8.5, 18 | −84, −60 | 27 |
D2 | 2, 11 | −80.5, −70 | 9 |
D3 | 5.2, 8.9 | −77.2, −73.9 | 3 |
D4 | 5.7, 6.8 | −76, −75 | 1 |
Process | Scheme |
---|---|
Microphysics | Single moment 6-class |
Land surface | Thermal diffusion scheme |
PBL | MYJ |
Surface | Monin–Obukhov (Janjic Eta) |
Radiation | CAM scheme |
Meteorology | ECMWF; D1: 14 km km, D2, D3, D4: 7 km km |
Initial and boundary | LOTOS–EUROS (D3). Temp.res: 1 h. |
conditions | Spat.Res: 3 km × 3 km |
Biogenic emissions | MEGAN Spat.res: 10 km × 10 km |
Fire emissions | MACC/CAMS GFAS Spat.res: 10 km × 10 km |
Landuse | GLC2000. Spat.res: 1 km × 1 km |
lOrography | GMTED2010. Spat.res: 2 km × 2 km |
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Hinestroza-Ramirez, J.E.; Lopez-Restrepo, S.; Yarce Botero, A.; Segers, A.; Rendon-Perez, A.M.; Isaza-Cadavid, S.; Heemink, A.; Quintero, O.L. Improving Air Pollution Modelling in Complex Terrain with a Coupled WRF–LOTOS–EUROS Approach: A Case Study in Aburrá Valley, Colombia. Atmosphere 2023, 14, 738. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040738
Hinestroza-Ramirez JE, Lopez-Restrepo S, Yarce Botero A, Segers A, Rendon-Perez AM, Isaza-Cadavid S, Heemink A, Quintero OL. Improving Air Pollution Modelling in Complex Terrain with a Coupled WRF–LOTOS–EUROS Approach: A Case Study in Aburrá Valley, Colombia. Atmosphere. 2023; 14(4):738. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040738
Chicago/Turabian StyleHinestroza-Ramirez, Jhon E., Santiago Lopez-Restrepo, Andrés Yarce Botero, Arjo Segers, Angela M. Rendon-Perez, Santiago Isaza-Cadavid, Arnold Heemink, and Olga Lucia Quintero. 2023. "Improving Air Pollution Modelling in Complex Terrain with a Coupled WRF–LOTOS–EUROS Approach: A Case Study in Aburrá Valley, Colombia" Atmosphere 14, no. 4: 738. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14040738