Precipitation and Moisture Transport of the 2021 Shimokita Heavy Precipitation: A Transformed Extratropical Cyclone from Typhoon#9
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Data and Methods
2.1. Precipitation Data
2.2. Atmospheric Data
2.3. TC Precipitation Composites
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Precipitation Distribution and Time Series
3.2. Composited TC/EC Precipitation
3.3. Large-Scale Moisture Transport and TC/EC Precipitation
3.4. Vertical Distribution of Equivalent Potential Temperature and Moisture Transport
4. Conclusions
- Using additional rain gauges from Aomori Prefecture and MLIT, in addition to JMA’s AMeDAS, we successfully represented the heavy precipitation pattern and its time series over the landslide region.
- In most locations where the landslide disaster occurred, there were two precipitation peaks: at 9 UTC (Term 1: 0–15 UTC) and 18 UTC (Term 2: 15 UTC (9 August)—6 UTC (10 August)) on 9 August. The total precipitation over Shimokita Peninsula was greater in Term 2 than in Term 1.
- A common feature of the two terms was strong wind shear from the lower troposphere to the upper troposphere, with easterly winds in the lower troposphere below 900 hPa and warm moist air with a high equivalent potential temperature from the southeast flowing into the target area at approximately 850–700 hPa, and from the south flowing into the heavy rainfall area in the upper troposphere from 700 hPa.
- A strong gradient of equivalent potential temperature (especially for Term 2) and a northerly component with a lower troposphere and moisture convergence indicate the existence of the stationary front shown in the weather chart.
- During Term 1, moisture convergence was found over the Tsugaru Straits at approximately 800 hPa, while Term 2 did not show such a maximum.
- The large-scale moisture transport/convergence clarified that the heavy precipitation zone and strong moisture convergence that caused the Shimokita event were associated with the stationary front of EC9. The precipitation distribution, which has a precipitation peak northeast of the EC center, is a typical typhoon-turned-EC precipitation distribution.
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
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Yatagai, A.; Saruta, S. Precipitation and Moisture Transport of the 2021 Shimokita Heavy Precipitation: A Transformed Extratropical Cyclone from Typhoon#9. Atmosphere 2024, 15, 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010094
Yatagai A, Saruta S. Precipitation and Moisture Transport of the 2021 Shimokita Heavy Precipitation: A Transformed Extratropical Cyclone from Typhoon#9. Atmosphere. 2024; 15(1):94. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010094
Chicago/Turabian StyleYatagai, Akiyo, and Shogo Saruta. 2024. "Precipitation and Moisture Transport of the 2021 Shimokita Heavy Precipitation: A Transformed Extratropical Cyclone from Typhoon#9" Atmosphere 15, no. 1: 94. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15010094