Effects of Different Reclamation Years and Modes on Soil Moisture Transport Pathways and Permeability Characteristics in an Open-Pit Mining Area in Guangxi
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Overview of the Experimental Area
2.2. Sample Collection and Determination of Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
2.3. CT Image Scanning and Image Binarization
2.4. Quantification of Soil Pore Characteristics
2.5. Two-Dimensional Pore Size Grading and Three-Dimensional Pore Size Grading
2.6. Simulation and Analysis of Water Fluxes within Soil Pores
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
3.2. Two-Dimensional Pore Size Distribution Patterns of Soil Pores under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.3. Three-Dimensional Pore Distribution Patterns of Soil Pores under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.4. Characteristics of Soil Pore Rounding Rate under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.5. Soil Pore Branching Characteristics under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.6. Three-Dimensional Parameters of Soil Pore Space under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.7. Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Soil Pore Space under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.8. Simulation of Soil Pore Permeability under Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
3.9. Correlation Analysis of Soil Parameters for Different Reclamation Years and Reclamation Modes
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Treatment | Depth (cm) | BD (g·cm−3) | SOM (g·kg−1) | Ks (mm·h−1) | Clay (%) | Silt (%) | Sand (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
RG2a | 0–10 | 1.16 | 9.21 | 432.92 | 14.30 | 40.83 | 43.07 |
10–20 | 1.09 | 10.44 | 213.18 | 18.09 | 47.86 | 31.68 | |
20–30 | 1.16 | 7.22 | 313.21 | 14.29 | 52.47 | 32.75 | |
Average Value | 1.14 ± 0.04 c | 8.96 ± 1.62 ab | 319.77 ± 110.02 a | 15.56 ± 2.19 a | 47.05 ± 2.19 a | 35.83 ± 6.29 a | |
RG10a | 0–10 | 1.23 | 18.57 | 439.37 | 20.58 | 46.24 | 33.13 |
10–20 | 1.31 | 11.31 | 377.00 | 21.03 | 51.77 | 25.52 | |
20–30 | 1.24 | 9.99 | 727.12 | 18.02 | 52.57 | 28.16 | |
Average Value | 1.26 ± 0.04 b | 13.29 ± 4.62 a | 514.50 ± 186.76 a | 19.88 ± 1.62 a | 50.19 ± 1.62 a | 28.94 ± 3.86 a | |
RW2a | 0–10 | 1.22 | 8.56 | 409.88 | 12.21 | 42.74 | 44.97 |
10–20 | 1.14 | 6.72 | 291.80 | 9.75 | 49.99 | 40.22 | |
20–30 | 1.24 | 4.42 | 103.71 | 19.50 | 46.48 | 33.80 | |
Average Value | 1.20 ± 0.05 bc | 6.57 ± 2.07 b | 268.46 ± 154.41 a | 13.82 ± 5.07 a | 46.40 ± 5.07 a | 39.66 ± 5.61 a | |
RW10a | 0–10 | 1.46 | 9.06 | 571.40 | 7.40 | 49.49 | 43.96 |
10–20 | 1.39 | 9.86 | 161.91 | 21.22 | 50.99 | 28.75 | |
20–30 | 1.34 | 9.95 | 195.64 | 18.50 | 48.44 | 33.52 | |
Average Value | 1.40 ± 0.06 a | 9.62 ± 0.49 ab | 309.65 ± 227.31 a | 15.71 ± 7.32 a | 49.64 ± 7.32 a | 35.41 ± 7.78 a |
Treatment | Porosity | Ssa | Curvature | Connectivity | FD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
RG2a-1 | 7.02 | 4.69 | 1.50 | 0.50 | 1.92 |
RG2a-2 | 3.62 | 3.59 | 1.48 | 0.39 | 1.96 |
RG2a-3 | 3.92 | 4.61 | 1.47 | 0.29 | 1.99 |
Average Value | 4.85 ± 1.88 | 4.30 ± 0.61 | 1.48 ± 0.02 | 0.39 ± 0.11 | 1.96 ± 0.04 |
RG10a-1 | 3.47 | 3.21 | 1.46 | 0.40 | 1.97 |
RG10a-2 | 7.58 | 3.90 | 1.50 | 0.57 | 1.99 |
RG10a-3 | 3.86 | 4.23 | 1.45 | 0.36 | 1.97 |
Average Value | 4.97 ± 2.27 | 3.78 ± 0.52 | 1.47 ± 0.03 | 0.44 ± 0.11 | 1.98 ± 0.01 |
RW2a-1 | 1.77 | 5.64 | 1.53 | 0.10 | 1.91 |
RW2a-2 | 9.10 | 4.28 | 1.50 | 0.63 | 1.97 |
RW2a-3 | 3.43 | 5.11 | 1.53 | 0.30 | 1.96 |
Average Value | 4.77 ± 3.84 | 5.01 ± 0.69 | 1.52 ± 0.02 | 0.34 ± 0.27 | 1.95 ± 0.03 |
RW10a-1 | 1.37 | 4.72 | 1.48 | 0.23 | 1.95 |
RW10a-2 | 5.61 | 3.55 | 1.52 | 0.50 | 1.94 |
RW10a-3 | 3.09 | 4.61 | 1.52 | 0.32 | 1.90 |
Average Value | 3.36 ± 2.13 | 4.29 ± 0.65 | 1.51 ± 0.02 | 0.35 ± 0.14 | 1.93 ± 0.03 |
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Wang, S.; Gan, L.; Zhang, Y.; Gao, Z.; Luo, Z.; Zhou, H.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, H.; Huang, T. Effects of Different Reclamation Years and Modes on Soil Moisture Transport Pathways and Permeability Characteristics in an Open-Pit Mining Area in Guangxi. Water 2024, 16, 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16091307
Wang S, Gan L, Zhang Y, Gao Z, Luo Z, Zhou H, Zhang H, Zhang H, Huang T. Effects of Different Reclamation Years and Modes on Soil Moisture Transport Pathways and Permeability Characteristics in an Open-Pit Mining Area in Guangxi. Water. 2024; 16(9):1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16091307
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Song, Lei Gan, Yu Zhang, Zhibo Gao, Zhenhong Luo, Haojie Zhou, Hang Zhang, Hongxia Zhang, and Taiqing Huang. 2024. "Effects of Different Reclamation Years and Modes on Soil Moisture Transport Pathways and Permeability Characteristics in an Open-Pit Mining Area in Guangxi" Water 16, no. 9: 1307. https://doi.org/10.3390/w16091307