A Novel Calendar-Based Method for Visualizing Water Quality Change: The Case of the Yangtze River 2006–2015
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Calendar Construction
2.3. Rendering Rule
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Spatial Change of the Water Quality
3.2. Temporal Change of the Water Quality
4. Conclusions
- (1)
- The calendar-based map provides a promising visual analytic approach to identify the water quality issues of the Yangtze River. Using the calendar, it is possible to reveal the spatial and temporal patterns in the massive monitoring data without using complex analysis models.
- (2)
- According to the map, the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and tributaries have relatively good water quality, while the other sections, especially where urban agglomerations are developing, e.g., South Dian and Guanyinshan in Kunming, Xielu Port in Jiaxing, and Jishui Port in Qingpu, are seriously polluted.
- (3)
- The major pollutants in the Yangtze River have multi-scale temporal patterns. At the seasonal scale, DO is the major pollutant in the summer and autumn, and NH3-N tends to be serious in the spring and winter. At the annual scale, at least three patterns can be observed, i.e., from alternating between DO and NH3-N to mainly in NH3-N, from mainly NH3-N to alternating between DO and NH3-N, and switching from NH3-N to CODMn.
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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WQL | Category | pH | DO (≥ mg/L) | CODMn (≤ mg/L) | NH3-N (≤ mg/L) | TP (≤ mg/L) | TN (≤ mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
I | Excellent | 6~9 | 7.5 | 2 | 0.15 | 0.02 | 0.2 |
II | Lightly polluted | 6 | 4 | 0.5 | 0.1 | 0.5 | |
III | Moderately polluted | 5 | 6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 1.0 | |
IV | Seriously polluted | 3 | 10 | 1.5 | 0.3 | 1.5 | |
V | Terrible polluted | 2 | 15 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 2.0 | |
Poor V | Cannot be used | - 1 | <2 | >15 | >2.0 | >0.4 | >2.0 |
I | II | III | IV | V | Poor V | No Data | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
pH | - | ||||||
DO | |||||||
CODMn | |||||||
NH3-N |
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Huang, L.; Zhong, M.; Gan, Q.; Liu, Y. A Novel Calendar-Based Method for Visualizing Water Quality Change: The Case of the Yangtze River 2006–2015. Water 2017, 9, 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090708
Huang L, Zhong M, Gan Q, Liu Y. A Novel Calendar-Based Method for Visualizing Water Quality Change: The Case of the Yangtze River 2006–2015. Water. 2017; 9(9):708. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090708
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Lina, Mengyin Zhong, Qiyao Gan, and Yanfang Liu. 2017. "A Novel Calendar-Based Method for Visualizing Water Quality Change: The Case of the Yangtze River 2006–2015" Water 9, no. 9: 708. https://doi.org/10.3390/w9090708