Hemoglobin and Endotoxin Levels Predict Sarcopenia Occurrence in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Patients
2.2. Diagnosis of Sarcopenia
2.3. Myostatin Endotoxin Activity Assay (EAA) Measurements
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. Prognostic Differences among Patients with Different Etiologies and Hepatic Function Reserve
3.2. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Groups AC and NAC
3.3. Comparison of Clinical Characteristics between Patients with LC with and without Sarcopenia
3.4. Risk Factors for Sarcopenia
3.5. Prediction Accuracy of Hb Levels for Sarcopenia
3.6. Prediction Accuracy of Hb Levels for HGS and SMI
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Variables | All Patients (n = 451) | Alcoholic Cirrhosis (Group AC; n = 149) | Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis (Group NAC; n = 302) | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Years | 69.1 ± 10.8 | 66.2 ± 12.0 | 70.6 ± 9.8 | <0.001 |
Gender, male/female | 288/163 | 135/14 | 153/149 | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 ± 4.5 | 24.1 ± 4.49 | 24.3 ± 4.4 | 0.53 |
Child–Pugh grade A/B/C | 334/97/20 | 111/31/7 | 223/66/13 | 0.95 |
Child–Pugh score | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 0.69 |
m-ALBI grade 1/2a/2b/3 | 194/89/136/32 | 61/34/44/10 | 133/55/92/22 | 0.72 |
ALBI score | −2.38 ± 0.62 | −2.38 ± 0.61 | −2.38 ± 0.63 | 0.95 |
Etiology HCV/HBV/ALC/NAFLD/others b | 126/43/149/76/57 | 149 | 126/43/76/57 | |
HCC | 105 (23.3) | 35 (23.5) | 70 (23.2) | 0.94 |
Ascites | 79 (17.5) | 26 (17.4) | 53 (17.5) | 0.98 |
Gastroesophageal varix | 224 (49.7) | 84 (56.4) | 140 (46.4) | 0.054 |
HGS, kg | ||||
Male | 29.8 ± 8.7 | 30.5 ± 9.0 | 29.2 ± 8.5 | 0.40 |
Female | 16.1 ± 6.3 | 17.4 ± 6.7 | 16.0 ± 6.3 | 0.21 |
CT-SMI, cm2/m2 | ||||
Male | 46.0 ± 8.9 | 46.2 ± 9.6 | 45.9 ± 8.3 | 0.15 |
Female | 39.2 ± 8.8 | 36.0 ± 6.8 | 39.5 ± 8.9 | 0.83 |
Sarcopenia | 98 (21.7) | 27 (18.1) | 71 (23.5) | 0.23 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | 12.6 ± 2.1 | 12.9 ± 2.1 | 12.5 ± 2.0 | 0.057 |
Male | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 0.94 |
Female | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 11.1 ± 1.9 | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 0.16 |
MCV, fL | 96.0 ± 8.6 | 96.9 ± 9.1 | 95.5 ± 8.3 | 0.098 |
MCH, pg | 31.7 ± 3.4 | 32.0 ± 3.6 | 31.5 ± 3.2 | 0.12 |
MCHC, % | 33.0 ± 1.0 | 33.0 ± 1.1 | 32.9 ± 0.9 | 0.62 |
Platelet, ×104/μL | 11.9 ± 5.6 | 12.7 ± 5.8 | 11.5 ± 5.4 | 0.027 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 0.52 |
Prothrombin time, % | 76.5 ± 18.52 | 74.9 ± 20.2 | 77.3 ± 17.6 | 0.20 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.14 |
Cholinesterase, U/L | 203.3 ± 91.0 | 199.2 ± 84.7 | 205.3 ± 93.9 | 0.51 |
BTR | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 0.87 |
Ammonia, μg/dL | 47.3 ± 28.8 | 49.8 ± 31.3 | 46.1 ± 27.5 | 0.21 |
BUN, mg/dL | 16.4 ± 7.7 | 14.8 ± 6.5 | 17.2 ± 8.2 | 0.0020 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.79 (0.66–0.98) | 0.82 (0.66–0.99) | 0.78 (0.66–0.97) | 0.27 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 139.0 ± 3.5 | 138.8 ± 3.3 | 139.1 ± 3.6 | 0.45 |
Zinc, μg/dL | 67.3 ± 17.0 | 68.5 ± 16.9 | 66.8 ± 17.1 | 0.32 |
EAA | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.30 ± 0.11 | 0.31 ± 0.14 | 0.86 |
P-III-P, U/m | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.98 |
7S domain of type IV collagen, ng/mL | 7.7 (5.7–10.4) | 8.2 (6.4–11.5) | 7.3 (5.6–10.3) | 0.38 |
FIB4 index | 5.8 ± 4.5 | 5.2 ± 3.4 | 6.1 ± 4.9 | 0.038 |
Ferritin, ng/mL | 87.9 (32.0–195.3) | 105.4 (34.1–241.0) | 80.5 (31.8–170.5) | 0.12 |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.10 (0.030–0.50) | 0.12 (0.070–0.60) | 0.10 (0.020–0.43) | 0.80 |
Myostatin, ng/mL | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 0.17 |
Variables | All Patients (n = 451) | Sarcopenia (n = 98) | Nonsarcopenic (n = 353) | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, Years | 69.1 ± 10.8 | 72.5 ± 10.7 | 68.2 ± 10.6 | <0.001 |
Gender, male/female | 288/163 | 48/50 | 240/113 | <0.001 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 ± 4.5 | 22.1 ± 3.5 | 24.9 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
Child–Pugh grade A/B/C | 334/97/20 | 60/27/11 | 274/70/9 | <0.001 |
Child–Pugh score | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.7 ± 1.9 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | <0.001 |
m-ALBI grade 1/2a/2b/3 | 194/89/136/32 | 26/19/40/13 | 168/70/96/19 | <0.001 |
ALBI score | −2.38 ± 0.62 | −2.12 ± 0.63 | −2.45 ± 0.60 | <0.001 |
Etiology HCV/HBV/ALC/NASH/others b | 126/43/149/76/57 | 39/3/27/11/18 | 87/40/122/65/39 | <0.001 |
HCC | 105 (23.3) | 28 (28.6) | 77 (21.8) | 0.18 |
Ascites | 79 (17.5) | 26 (26.5) | 53 (15.1) | 0.011 |
Gastroesophageal varices | 224 (49.7) | 56 (57.1) | 168 (47.6) | 0.17 |
HGS, kg | ||||
Female | 16.1 ± 6.3 | 12.6 ± 3.9 | 17.6 ± 6.6 | <0.001 |
Male | 29.8 ± 8.7 | 22.0 ± 4.6 | 31.4 ± 8.5 | <0.001 |
CT-SMI, cm2/m2 | ||||
Female | 39.2 ± 8.8 | 33.4 ± 3.9 | 41.8 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
Male | 46.0 ± 8.9 | 41.2 ± 6.6 | 47.8 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||||
Male | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 11.7 ± 1.8 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | <0.001 |
Female | 11.8 ± 1.9 | 11.0 ± 2.1 | 12.2 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
MCV, fL | 96.0 ± 8.6 | 96.7 ± 9.1 | 95.8 ± 8.5 | 0.35 |
MCH, pg | 31.7 ± 3.4 | 31.8 ± 3.6 | 31.7 ± 3.4 | 0.83 |
MCHC, % | 33.0 ± 1.0 | 32.8 ± 1.0 | 33.0 ± 0.9 | 0.19 |
Platelet, ×104/μL | 11.9 ± 5.6 | 12.0 ± 5.8 | 12.0 ± 5.5 | 0.82 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
PT, % | 76.5 ± 18.52 | 73.6 ± 19.1 | 77.4 ± 18.3 | 0.074 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.2 (0.8–1.7) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.43 |
ChE, U/L | 203.3 ± 91.0 | 152.6 ± 70.9 | 217.3 ± 91.1 | <0.001 |
BTR | 4.9 ± 2.1 | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 0.022 |
NH3, μg/dL | 47.3 ± 28.8 | 47.2 ± 25.0 | 47.3 ± 29.9 | 0.97 |
BUN, mg/dL | 16.4 ± 7.7 | 17.9 ± 9.1 | 16.0 ± 7.3 | 0.028 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.79 (0.66–0.98) | 0.79 (0.65–1.03) | 0.79 (0.66–0.97) | 0.59 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 139.0 ± 3.5 | 138.1 ± 4.5 | 139.3 ± 3.2 | 0.0027 |
Zinc, μg/dL | 67.3 ± 17.0 | 62.4 ± 20.1 | 66.7 ± 15.9 | 0.0018 |
EAA | 0.31 ± 0.13 | 0.33 ± 0.14 | 0.29 ± 0.13 | 0.024 |
P-III-P, U/m | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
Type IV collagen 7S, ng/mL | 7.7 (5.7–10.4) | 8.4 (6.7–11.5) | 7.5 (5.5–10.3) | 0.56 |
FIB4 index | 5.8 ± 4.5 | 6.2 ± 3.9 | 5.7 ± 4.7 | 0.32 |
Ferritin, ng/mL | 87.9 (32.0–195.3) | 74.3 (30.3–238.1) | 91.0 (32.5–183.3) | 0.54 |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.10 (0.030–0.50) | 0.27 (0.060–0.72) | 0.10 (0.030–0.42) | 0.29 |
Myostatin, ng/mL | 3.1 ± 1.3 | 3.5 ± 1.4 | 2.8 ± 1.2 | 0.018 |
Variables | Alcoholic cirrhosis (Group A; n = 149) | Sarcopenia (Group S; n = 27) | Nonsarcopenic (Group N; n = 122) | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 66.2 ± 12.0 | 67.5 ± 15.2 | 65.9 ± 11.3 | 0.53 |
Gender, male/female | 135/14 | 22–5 | 113/9 | 0.14 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.1 ± 4.49 | 21.9 ± 3.8 | 24.5 ± 4.5 | 0.0063 |
Child–Pugh grade A/B/C | 111/31/7 | 16/8/3 | 95/23/4 | 0.067 |
Child–Pugh score | 6.1 ± 1.6 | 6.9 ± 2.2 | 6.0 ± 1.4 | 0.0041 |
m-ALBI grade 1/2a/2b/3 | 61/34/44/10 | 6/5/13/3 | 55/29/31/7 | 0.040 |
ALBI score | −2.38 ± 0.61 | −2.08 ± 0.63 | −2.45 ± 0.58 | 0.0038 |
HCC | 35 (23.5) | 9 (33.3) | 26 (21.5) | 0.21 |
Ascites | 26 (17.4) | 8 (29.6) | 18 (14.9) | 0.092 |
Gastroesophageal varix | 84 (56.4) | 14 (51.2) | 70 (57.8) | 0.52 |
HGS, kg | ||||
Female | 17.4 ± 6.7 | 14.9 ± 2.2 | 18.8 ± 8.1 | 0.32 |
Male | 30.5 ± 9.0 | 23.6 ± 3.7 | 31.9 ± 9.1 | <0.001 |
CT-SMI, cm2/m2 | ||||
Female | 36.0 ± 6.8 | 30.4 ± 5.4 | 39.0 ± 5.6 | 0.016 |
Male | 46.2 ± 9.6 | 37.6 ± 4.5 | 47.8 ± 9.4 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||||
Male | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 11.4 ± 1.6 | 13.4 ± 1.9 | <0.001 |
Female | 11.1 ± 1.9 | 9.8 ± 1.8 | 11.8 ± 1.6 | 0.048 |
MCV, fL | 96.9 ± 9.1 | 99.5 ± 11.4 | 96.4 ± 8.6 | 0.12 |
MCH, pg | 32.0 ± 3.6 | 32.7 ± 4.3 | 31.0 ± 3.5 | 0.28 |
MCHC, % | 33.0 ± 1.1 | 32.8 ± 1.0 | 33.0 ± 1.1 | 0.7 |
Platelet, ×10⁴/μL | 12.7 ± 5.8 | 13.3 ± 7.6 | 12.6 ± 5.3 | 0.55 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.9 ± 0.6 | 3.5 ± 0.6 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
PT, % | 74.9 ± 20.2 | 69.8 ± 18.1 | 76.1 ± 20.6 | 0.15 |
Total Bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 1.2 (0.9–1.8) | 0.98 |
ChE, U/L | 199.2 ± 84.7 | 132.0 ± 61.4 | 214.1 ± 82.4 | <0.001 |
BTR | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 4.4 ± 1.6 | 4.8 ± 1.8 | 0.39 |
NH3, μg/dL | 49.8 ± 31.3 | 49.8 ± 23.8 | 49.8 ± 32.9 | 0.99 |
BUN, mg/dL | 14.8 ± 6.5 | 17.9 ± 10.1 | 14.1 ± 5.1 | 0.0054 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.82 (0.66–0.99) | 0.97 (0.68–1.07) | 0.81 (0.66–0.96) | 0.074 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 138.8 ± 3.3 | 137.0 ± 4.2 | 139.2 ± 3.0 | 0.0025 |
Zinc, μg/dL | 68.5 ± 16.9 | 61.7 ± 22.6 | 70.0 ± 5.2 | 0.030 |
EAA | 0.30 ± 0.11 | 0.40 ± 0.12 | 0.28 ± 0.09 | <0.001 |
P-III-P, U/m | 1.0 ± 0.5 | 1.2 ± 0.5 | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 0.0066 |
Type IV Collagen 7S, ng/mL | 8.2 (6.4–11.5) | 9.9 (7.1–12.1) | 8.0 (6.2–10.6) | 0.14 |
FIB4 index | 5.2 ± 3.4 | 5.8 ± 4.7 | 5.0 ± 3.1 | 0.28 |
Ferritin, ng/mL | 105.4 (34.1–241.0) | 132.5 (42.0–336.0) | 99.0(32.3–209.8) | 0.074 |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.12 (0.070–0.60) | 0.11 (0.053–0.60) | 0.42 (0.10–0.68) | 0.48 |
Myostatin, ng/mL | 3.0 ± 1.5 | 3.3 ± 1.6 | 2.8 ± 1.4 | 0.035 |
Variables | Nonalcoholic Cirrhosis (Group NA; n = 302) | Sarcopenia (Group S; n = 71) | Nonsarcopenic (Group N; n = 231) | p-Value a |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 70.6 ± 9.8 | 74.4 ± 7.7 | 69.4 ± 10.1 | <0.001 |
Gender, male/female | 153/149 | 26/45 | 127/104 | 0.0096 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 24.3 ± 4.4 | 22.1 ± 3.4 | 25.0 ± 4.5 | <0.001 |
Child–Pugh grade A/B/C | 223/66/13 | 44/19/8 | 179/47/5 | 0.0022 |
Child–Pugh score | 6.1 ± 1.5 | 5.9 ± 1.4 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 0.0011 |
m-ALBI grade 1/2a/2b/3 | 133/55/92/22 | 20/14/27/10 | 113/41/65/12 | 0.0042 |
ALBI score | −2.38 ± 0.63 | −2.14 ± 0.64 | −2.45 ± 0.61 | <0.001 |
Etiology HCV/HBV/ALC/NASH/others b | 126/43/76/57 | 39/3/11/18 | 87/40/65/39 | <0.001 |
HCC | 70 (23.2) | 19 (26.8) | 51 (22.1) | 0.42 |
Ascites | 53 (15.5) | 18 (25.4) | 35 (15.2) | 0.073 |
Gastroesophageal varix | 140 (46.4) | 42 (59.2) | 98 (42.4) | 0.020 |
HGS, kg | ||||
Female | 16.0 ± 6.3 | 12.4 ± 3.9 | 17.5 ± 6.5 | <0.001 |
Male | 29.2 ± 8.5 | 20.7 ± 4.9 | 31.0 ± 8.0 | <0.001 |
CT-SMI, cm2/m2 | ||||
Female | 39.5 ± 8.9 | 33.7 ± 3.6 | 42.0 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
Male | 45.9 ± 8.3 | 37.3 ± 3.4 | 47.7 ± 7.9 | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin, g/dL | ||||
Male | 13.1 ± 2.0 | 12.0 ± 1.9 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | 0.0022 |
Female | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 11.1 ± 2.2 | 12.2 ± 1.6 | <0.001 |
MCV, fL | 95.5 ± 8.3 | 95.8 ± 8.0 | 95.5 ± 8.5 | 0.81 |
MCH, pg | 31.5 ± 3.2 | 31.4 ± 3.2 | 31.5 ± 3.3 | 0.72 |
MCHC, % | 32.9 ± 0.9 | 32.7 ± 0.9 | 33.0 ± 0.9 | 0.13 |
Platelet, ×104/μL | 11.5 ± 5.4 | 11.5 ± 5.0 | 11.5 ± 5.6 | 0.97 |
Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.7 | 3.5 ± 0.7 | 3.9 ± 0.6 | <0.001 |
PT, % | 77.3 ± 17.6 | 75.0 ± 19.4 | 78.0 ± 17.0 | 0.21 |
Total bilirubin, mg/dL | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 1.1 (0.8–1.6) | 0.34 |
ChE, U/L | 205.3 ± 93.9 | 160.6 ± 73.1 | 219.0 ± 95.6 | <0.001 |
BTR | 4.8 ± 1.9 | 4.3 ± 1.6 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 0.030 |
NH3, μg/dL | 46.1 ± 27.5 | 46.2 ± 25.6 | 46.0 ± 28.2 | 0.96 |
BUN, mg/dL | 17.2 ± 8.2 | 17.9 ± 8.7 | 17.0 ± 8.0 | 0.39 |
Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.78 (0.66–0.97) | 0.77 (0.65–0.97) | 0.79 (0.66–0.97) | 0.95 |
Sodium, mEq/L | 139.1 ± 3.6 | 138.4 ± 4.6 | 139.3 ± 3.3 | 0.075 |
Zinc, μg/dL | 66.8 ± 17.1 | 62.6 ± 19.3 | 68.0 ± 16.2 | 0.024 |
EAA | 0.31 ± 0.14 | 0.31 ± 0.14 | 0.30 ± 0.13 | 0.82 |
P-III-P, U/m | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 1.2 ± 0.6 | 1.0 ± 0.6 | 0.018 |
Type IV collagen 7S, ng/mL | 7.3 (5.6–10.3) | 7.1 (5.2–10.3) | 7.9 (5.2–11.0) | 0.87 |
FIB4 index | 6.1 ± 4.9 | 6.3 ± 3.5 | 6.0 ± 5.3 | 0.65 |
Ferritin, ng/mL | 80.5 (31.8–170.5) | 67.1(28.0–156.0) | 86.0(31.9–173.9) | 0.22 |
CRP, mg/dL | 0.10 (0.020–0.43) | 0.18 (0.040–0.78) | 0.10 (0.020–0.40) | 0.40 |
Myostatin, ng/mL | 3.3 ± 1.1 | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 3.0 ± 1.1 | 0.021 |
OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 65, Years | 3.37 (1.8–6.28) | <0.001 | 2.39 (1.14–5.01) | 0.0021 |
Sex, male | 0.45 (0.29–0.71) | <0.001 | 0.74 (0.40–1.36) | 0.34 |
Child–Pugh Grade B | 1.76 (1.04–2.98) | 0.034 | 0.94 (0.44–1.98) | 0.86 |
Grade C | 5.58 (2.22–14.1) | <0.001 | 3.80 (1.05–13.80) | 0.042 |
ALBI Grade 2 | 1.75 (0.91–3.37) | 0.092 | ||
Grade 2b | 2.69 (1.55–4.68) | <0.001 | ||
Grade 3 | 4.42 (1.95–10.00) | <0.001 | ||
Etiology HBV | 2.03 (1.15–3.56) | 0.014 | ||
HCV | 0.34 (0.098–1.18) | 0.085 | ||
NASH | 0.77 (0.36–1.64) | 0.49 | ||
Other a | 1.07 (0.77–1.46) | 0.70 | ||
HCC | 1.43 (0.87–2.38) | 0.16 | ||
Ascites | 2.04 (1.19–3.48) | 0.0092 | ||
Gastroesophageal Varices | 1.41 (0.89–2.22) | 0.14 | ||
Hemoglobin < 10.8, g/dL; female | <0.001 | 4.47 (2.32–8.60) | ||
Hemoglobin < 12.9, g/dL; male | ||||
Platelet < 12, 10⁴/μL | 1.32 (0.83–2.09) | 0.24 | ||
Albumin < 3.5, g/dL | 2.54 (1.59–4.06) | <0.001 | ||
Prothrombin Time < 70, % | 1.42 (0.90–2.25) | 0.13 | ||
Total Bilirubin > 1.5, mg/dL | 0.93 (0.57–1.53) | 0.78 | ||
Cholinesterase < 200, U/L | 3.30 (2.02–5.39) | <0.001 | 1.87 (0.87–4.05) | 0.11 |
BTR < 5 | 1.61 (0.99–2.60) | 0.054 | ||
Ammonia > 50, μg/dL | 1.25 (0.77–2.03) | 0.36 | ||
BUN > 16, mg/dL | 1.44 (0.92–2.27) | 0.11 | ||
Creatinine > 0.8, mg/dL | 1.00 (0.64–1.56) | 0.99 | ||
Sodium < 138, mEq/L | 1.52 (0.93–2.49) | 0.095 | ||
Zinc < 60, μg/dL | 1.69 (1.04–2.74) | 0.034 | 1.07 (0.51–2.25) | 0.85 |
EAA > 0.4 | 2.33 (1.33–4.08) | 0.0032 | 1.67 (0.91–3.07) | 0.10 |
P-III-P > 1, U/mL | 1.90 (1.16–3.11) | 0.011 | 0.98 (0.50–1.91) | 0.95 |
7S domain of type IV collagen > 8, ng/mL | 1.41 (0.87–2.30) | 0.16 | ||
FIB4 index > 5 | 1.52 (0.97–2.39) | 0.067 | ||
Ferritin ≥ 200, ng/mL | 1.36 (0.81–2.26) | 0.24 | ||
CRP > 0.10, mg/dL | 1.55 (0.97–2.46) | 0.065 | ||
Myostatin > 3.1, ng/mL | 1.60 (0.95–2.02) | 0.071 |
Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | |
Age ≥ 65, Years | 2.05 (0.81–5.22) | 0.13 | ||
Sex, male | 0.35 (0.11–1.15) | 0.083 | ||
Child–Pugh Grade B | 2.07 (0.79–5.41) | 0.14 | ||
Grade C | 4.45 (0.91–21.8) | 0.065 | ||
ALBI Grade 2 | 1.58 (0.44–5.62) | 0.48 | ||
Grade 2b | 3.84 (1.33–11.1) | 0.013 | ||
Grade 3 | 3.93 (0.80–19.30) | 0.092 | ||
HCC | 1.85 (0.743–4.59) | 0.19 | ||
Ascites | 2.41 (0.92–6.33) | 0.074 | ||
Gastroesophageal Varices | 0.74 (0.32–1.71) | 0.48 | ||
Hemoglobin < 10.8, g/dL; female | 8.76 (3.37–22.80) | <0.001 | 5.97 (1.88–19.00) | 0.0025 |
Hemoglobin < 12.9, g/dL; male | ||||
Platelet < 12, 10⁴/μL | 1.29 (0.56–2.99) | 0.55 | ||
Albumin < 3.5, g/dL | 3.6 (1.50–8.63) | 0.0043 | ||
Prothrombin Time < 70, % | 1.75 (0.75–4.06) | 0.20 | ||
Total Bilirubin > 1.5, mg/dL | 1.25 (0.53–2.98) | 0.61 | ||
Cholinesterase < 200, U/L | 6.56 (2.14–20.10) | <0.001 | 2.13 (0.57–7.93) | 0.26 |
BTR < 5 | 1.39 (0.577–3.36) | 0.46 | ||
Ammonia > 50, μg/dL | 1.52 (0.64–3.64) | 0.34 | ||
BUN > 16, mg/dL | 1.78 (0.77–4.12) | 0.18 | ||
Creatinine > 0.8, mg/dL | 1.41 (0.60–3.28) | 0.43 | ||
Sodium < 138, mEq/L | 2.80 (1.17–6.70) | 0.021 | ||
Zinc < 60, μg/dL | 3.75 (1.51–9.32) | 0.0044 | ||
EAA > 0.4 | 10.4 (3.62–29.90) | <0.001 | 5.02 (1.60–15.80) | 0.0057 |
P-III-P > 1, U/mL | 2.10 (0.85–5.19) | 0.11 | ||
7S domain of type IV collagen > 8, ng/mL | 1.91 (0.75–4.87) | 0.18 | ||
FIB4 index > 5 | 1.15 (0.48–2.73) | 0.76 | ||
Ferritin ≥ 200, ng/mL | 1.75 (0.88–3.51) | 0.11 | ||
CRP > 0.10, mg/dL | 2.09 (0.83–5.23) | 0.10 | ||
Myostatin > 3.1, ng/mL | 1.57 (0.68–3.09) | 0.22 |
OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | OR (95% Confidence Interval) | p Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age ≥ 65, Years | 4.61 (1.91–11.20) | <0.001 | 3.09 (1.21–7.87) | 0.018 |
Sex, male | 0.47 (0.27–0.82) | 0.0074 | 0.91 (0.46–1.77) | 0.77 |
Child–Pugh Grade B | 1.64 (0.88–3.08) | 0.12 | 0.77 (0.33–1.80) | 0.55 |
Grade C | 6.51 (2.03–20.9) | 0.0016 | 4.10 (1.09–15.50) | 0.037 |
ALBI Grade 2a | 1.93 (0.89–4.17) | 0.095 | ||
Grade 2b | 2.35 (1.22–4.51) | 0.011 | ||
Grade 3 | 4.71 (1.79–12.4) | 0.0016 | ||
Etiology HCV | 5.98 (1.74–20.5) | 0.0045 | ||
NASH | 2.26 (0.59–8.58) | 0.23 | ||
other a | 6.15 (1.68–22.6) | 0.0061 | ||
HCC | 1.29 (0.70–2.37) | 0.41 | ||
Ascites | 1.90 (0.99–3.62) | 0.051 | ||
Gastroesophageal Varices | 1.91 (1.11–3.30) | 0.020 | 2.11 (1.06–4.20) | 0.033 |
Hemoglobin < 10.8, g/dL; female | 5.15 (2.88–9.21) | <0.001 | 5.34 (2.52–11.30) | <0.001 |
Hemoglobin < 12.9, g/dL; male | ||||
Platelet < 12, 104/μL | 1.29 (0.74–2.23) | 0.37 | ||
Albumin < 3.5, g/dL | 2.18 (1.25–3.81) | <0.001 | ||
Prothrombin Time < 70, % | 1.33 (0.76–2.31) | 0.32 | ||
Total Bilirubin > 1.5, mg/dL | 0.83 (0.45–1.52) | 0.55 | ||
Cholinesterase < 200, U/L | 2.75 (1.57–4.83) | <0.001 | 1.34 (0.60–2.99) | 0.48 |
BTR < 5 | 1.73 (0.97–3.08) | 0.062 | ||
Ammonia > 50, μg/dL | 1.18 (0.66–2.12) | 0.57 | ||
BUN > 16, mg/dL | 1.32 (0.77–2.25) | 0.31 | ||
Creatinine > 0.8, mg/dL | 0.89 (0.52–1.52) | 0.99 | ||
Sodium < 138, mEq/L | 1.25 (0.67–2.33) | 0.47 | ||
Zinc < 60, μg/dL | 1.44 (0.81–2.55) | 0.22 | ||
EAA > 0.4 | 1.19 (0.59–2.42) | 0.63 | ||
P-III-P > 1, U/mL | 1.83 (1.01–3.31) | 0.045 | 1.09 (0.52–2.29) | 0.82 |
7S domain of type IV collagen > 8, ng/mL | 1.32 (0.74–2.36) | 0.34 | ||
FIB4 index > 5 | 1.63 (0.95–2.80) | 0.076 | ||
Ferritin ≥ 200, ng/mL | 0.90 (0.46–1.76) | 0.75 | ||
CRP > 0.10, mg/dL | 1.45 (0.83–2.53) | 0.19 | ||
Myostatin > 3.1, ng/mL | 1.65 (0.92–2.76) | 0.084 |
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Shibamoto, A.; Namisaki, T.; Suzuki, J.; Kubo, T.; Iwai, S.; Tomooka, F.; Takeda, S.; Fujimoto, Y.; Inoue, T.; Tanaka, M.; et al. Hemoglobin and Endotoxin Levels Predict Sarcopenia Occurrence in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis. Diagnostics 2023, 13, 2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132218
Shibamoto A, Namisaki T, Suzuki J, Kubo T, Iwai S, Tomooka F, Takeda S, Fujimoto Y, Inoue T, Tanaka M, et al. Hemoglobin and Endotoxin Levels Predict Sarcopenia Occurrence in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis. Diagnostics. 2023; 13(13):2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132218
Chicago/Turabian StyleShibamoto, Akihiko, Tadashi Namisaki, Junya Suzuki, Takahiro Kubo, Satoshi Iwai, Fumimasa Tomooka, Soichi Takeda, Yuki Fujimoto, Takashi Inoue, Misako Tanaka, and et al. 2023. "Hemoglobin and Endotoxin Levels Predict Sarcopenia Occurrence in Patients with Alcoholic Cirrhosis" Diagnostics 13, no. 13: 2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics13132218