Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Polymeric Nanocarriers for Ocular Drug Delivery
2.1. Micelle Nanocarriers for Ocular Delivery
2.2. Dendrimeric Nanocarriers for Ocular Delivery
2.3. Other Types of Polymeric Nanocarriers for Ocular Delivery
3. Polymeric Nanoparticles in Cancer Diagnosis and Imaging
3.1. Gold-Based Polymeric Nanoparticles Used in Cancer Diagnosis
3.2. Gadolinium Polymeric Nanoparticles (GdNPs) Used in Cancer Diagnosis
3.3. Perfluorocarbons Polymeric Nanoparticles (PFCNPs) Used in Cancer Diagnosis
3.4. Other Nanoparticles Used in Cancer Diagnosis
4. Polymeric Nanoparticles in Oncologic Treatment
4.1. Advantages of Nanotechnological Drug-Delivery Systems
4.2. Challenges Associated with Nanoparticulate Drug-Delivery Systems
4.3. The Enhanced Permeability and Retention (EPR) Effect
4.4. Active Targeting
4.5. Stimuli-Responsive and Triggered Release Systems
5. Polymeric Nanoparticles as Nutraceutical Agents
5.1. Bioavailability and Nanoparticles
5.2. Toxicity
6. Future Challenges in DDS
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Type of Nanoparticle | Nanoparticle Composition | Drug Delivery | Treatment | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
Polymeric Micelles | PLGA/PVA | bevacizumab | Choroidal and retinal neovascularization | [33] |
dexamethasone | Ocular inflammation | [34] | ||
fenofibrate | Retinal dysfunctions, retinal leukostasis, retinal vascular leakage, over expression of VEGF, choroidal neovascularization | [35] | ||
PLGA/PVA/PEI | bevacizumab and dexamethasone | Choroidal neovascularization | [36] | |
PLGA/Tween 80, poloxamer 188 or Brij® | brinzolamide | Ocular pressure | [37] | |
PLGA/Pluronic F127 | dexamethasone | Immunologic graft rejection | [38] | |
PLGA/PVP | bevacizumab | Age-related macular degeneration | [39] | |
CH/Sodium tripolyphosphate | levofloxacin | Ocular infections | [40] | |
bevacizumab | Choroidal neovascularization | [41] | ||
CH/Sodium tripolyphosphate/hyaluronic acid | ceftazidime | Ocular infections | [42] | |
CH/PVA/sodium deoxycholate | prednisolone | Ocular inflammation | [43] | |
Stearic acid and valylvaline functionalized CH | dexamethasone | Ocular inflammation, retinal dysfunctions, retinal leukostasis, retinal vascular leakage, over expression of VEGF, choroidal neovascularization | [44] | |
Cationic CH grafted methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) | diclofenac | Ocular inflammation | [45] | |
Methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactide) block copolymer | cyclosporine A | Dry eye syndrome | [46] | |
Tween80/polyoxyethylene stearate | everolimus | Autoimmune uveoretinitis, non-infectious uveitis, corneal neovascularization and immune-mediated rejection | [47] | |
PVA/Poloxamer P407/hydroxypropyl methylcellulose | ||||
PEG–PCL–PEG | triamcinolone acetonide | Ocular inflammation | [48] | |
Lecithin-based NPs embedded in poloxamers gel (P188 and P407) | dexamethasone | [49] | ||
PLGA–PEG NPs embedded in PEG–PLGA–PEG gel | triamcinolone acetonide | Age-related macular degeneration | [50] | |
Bevacizumab-coated PLA NPs embedded in PLGA microparticles | bevacizumab | [51] | ||
Dendrimeric nanocarriers | PEGylated polyamidoamine modified with cyclic arginine–glycine–aspartate hexapeptide and penetration | – | Posterior ocular diseases | [52] |
Timolol-derivatized polyamidoamine | timolol | Ocular hypertension | [53] | |
Polyamidoamine/hyaluronic acid | antisense oligonucleotides | Regulation of the expression of target proteins and genes in cells | [54] | |
Cyclodextrins | Propylamino-β-Cyclodextrin | latanoprost | Glaucoma | [60] |
γ-Cyclodextrin and randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin | celecoxib | Age-related macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy | [61,62] | |
α-Cyclodextrin/Soluplus/Pluronic P103 | natamycin | Fungal keratitis | [63] | |
Polymeric vesicles | DOTAP/DOPE/DSPE–PEG | siRNA sequences/chlorhexidine | Keratitis caused by Acanthamoeba | [65] |
Precirol® ATO 5/castor oil/Span® 80/mPEG-2K-DSPE | natamycin | Fungal keratitis | [66] |
Polymer | Active Principle | Type of Cancer | Experimental Model/Route | Size (nm) | Z Potential (mV) | PDI | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PEGylated PLGA | doxorubicin | various | In vivo: Bioavailability assay in Wistar rat Oral | 183.10 | −13.10 | 0.132 | [136] |
PACA | doxorubicin–cyclosporin A. | various | In vitro: P388/ADR cells line | 288 | * | * | [137] |
Lip–BSA | paclitaxel | various | In vivo: 4T1 cells in BALB/c mice Tail vein | 116.2 | −18.4 | 0.307 | [138] |
PCL–PEG | camptothecin | glioma | In vivo: 4T1 cells in BALB/c mice Tail vein | 274 | −19 | 0.07 | [139] |
PLGA–PEG | paclitaxel | glioma | In vivo: gliosarcoma 9L cells in Fischer F344 rats Direct injection | 121 | 23.7 | 0.088 | [140] |
PLGA–Cyanine5.5 | doxorubicin | glioblastoma | In vivo: C6 Glioma cells in Wistar rats and nude mice Tail vein | 114 | −14.9 | 0.196 | [141] |
PBCA | doxorubicin | glioblastoma | In vitro: U87 glioblastoma human cells line | 260 | −19 | 0.02 | [142] |
PLA–PEG–maleimide | paclitaxel | breast cancer (TNB) | In vitro: MDA-MB-231 cells In vivo: BALB/c homozygous nude mice Intravenous injection. Tail vein | 212 | −16.34 | 0.183 | [143] |
mPEG–PLGA–PGlu | doxorubicin–curcumin | breast cancer | In vivo: LM2 cells in BALB/c homozygous nude mice Tail vein | 107.5 | −13.7 | * | [144] |
PCLLA–PEG–PCLLA | doxorubicin and Chlorin e6-MnO2 | breast cancer | In vivo: MCF-7/ADR cells xenograft in female BALB/c nude mice. Tail vein | 120 | −8.9 | * | [145] |
TPGS–PLGA | doxorubicin and metformin | breast cancer | In vivo: MCF-7 cells in nude mice Tail vein | 87 | −3.5 | 0.5 | [146] |
TPGS–PLGA | docetaxel and salinomycin | breast cancer | In vitro: MCF-7/DOX cell line | 73.83 | −25.7 | 0.193 | [147] |
Gal–pD–TPGS–PLA | docetaxel | liver cancer | In vivo: MCF-7 cells in BALB/c mice Orthotopic injection | 209.4 | 13.7 | 0.145 | [149] |
PCL–PEGPEG–PCL | paclitaxel | lung cancer | In vivo: MCF-7/ADR cells in BALB/c nude mice Intravenous injection | 168 | −12.49 | 0.19 | [150] |
PEI–PLA | paclitaxel | lung cancer | In vivo: A549 cells in BALB/c mice. Tail vein | 67.31 | 30.3 | 0.105 | [151] |
Polymeric Nanocarrier | Active Principle | Preparation Method | Size (nm) | Z Potential (mV) | PDI | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gelatin NPs | cisplatin | desolvation | 220 | −9.3 | 0.287 | [152,153,154] |
HSA NPs | doxorubicin + TRAIL | self-assembly | 341.6 | * | * | [155] |
CH/PLGA NPs | OMR | emulsion–diffusion | 160 | 29 | 0.033 | [156,157] |
BIPCA NPs | doxorubicin | emulsion polymerization | 137.2 | 23.5 | 0.12 | [158] |
PEGylated PAMAM dendrimers | doxorubicin | chemical conjugation | 26.1 | −6.6 | 0.108 | [159] |
Hyaluronan conjugates | cisplatin | covalent bonding | * | * | * | [160] |
PEI polyplexes | p53 | electrostatic complexation | * | * | * | [161] |
SDA–PEI polyplexes | PDCD4 + shAkt1 | electrostatic complexation | * | * | * | [162] |
Glucosylated PEI polyplexes | PTEN | electrostatic complexation | * | * | * | [163] |
UACH polyplexes | PDCD4 PTEN | electrostatic complexation | * | * | * | [164,165] |
SPE–GPT polyplexes | shAkt1 | electrostatic complexation | 163.2 | 9.14 | 0.192 | [166] |
SPE–PEG polyplexes | PDCD4 | electrostatic complexation | 130 | 8.61 | 1.13 | [167] |
CH–g–PEI polyplexes | shAkt1 | electrostatic complexation | 166.4 | −20 | * | [168,169] |
PLL/protamine polyplexes | p53 | electrostatic complexation | * | * | * | [170] |
PEI–alt–PEG polyplexes | Akt1 siRNA | electrostatic complexation | * | * | * | [171] |
PEI polyplexes | doxorubicin + Bcl2 siRNA | electrostatic complexation | 78.2 | 20.4 | * | [172,173] |
Drug Delivery | Polymeric Nanoparticle | Experimental Model/Route | Results | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
CD98 siRNA plus curcumin | HA-functionalized NP encapsulated in hydrogel (CH: alginate; 3:7) | In vitro: Caco2-BBE and Raw 2647 cells | ↑Cellular uptake ↓Expressions of CD98 and TNF-α | [203] |
In vivo: DSS-induced UC/orally | ↓Weight loss ↓Fecal Lcn-2 levels ↓MPO activity ↓Histological damage ↓CD98 and TNF-α mRNA expression | |||
curcumin plus celecoxib | pH sensitive enteric polymer NP (Eudragit® S100) | In vivo: TNBS-induced UC/orally | ↓MPO, SOD and LPO ↓Leukocyte infiltration | [204] |
curcumin | Biopolymeric CH NP | In vitro: HeLa cells | ↓Proliferation and viability cell ↑Apoptotic activity, DNA damage, cell-cycle blockage and ROS levels | [200] |
curcumin | PLGA NP | In vivo: MIA-induced OA/orally | ↑Cellularity and matrix | [205] |
curcumin | Theracurmin® NP | In vivo: DSS-induced UC/orally | ↓NF-κB, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1 and CXCL2 and neutrophil infiltration ↑CD4+ and Foxp3+ T cells ↑CD103+ and CD8α− dendritic cells ↑Clostridium cluster IV and XIVa ↑Butyrate levels (bacteria and fecal) | [206] |
resveratrol plus quercetin | PEG modified CH NP | Ex-vivo: Albino rabbit cornea | ↑Solubility and permeation ↓Intraocular pressure | [207] |
docetaxel plus resveratrol | EGF conjugated core-shell lipid–polymer hybrid NP | In vitro: HCC827, NCIH2135 and HUVEC cells | ↓Tumoral cell viability | [208] |
In vivo: lung cancer animal model/intravenously | ↓Body weight loss ↓Tumor volume ↑Tumor growth inhibition | |||
resveratrol | Galactosylated NP (NP combined with a ligand (galactose) for improved route of intestinal transport by the way of SGLT1) | In vitro: Raw 2647 cells | ↓TNF-α, IL-6 and NO | [209] |
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Begines, B.; Ortiz, T.; Pérez-Aranda, M.; Martínez, G.; Merinero, M.; Argüelles-Arias, F.; Alcudia, A. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 1403. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071403
Begines B, Ortiz T, Pérez-Aranda M, Martínez G, Merinero M, Argüelles-Arias F, Alcudia A. Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(7):1403. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071403
Chicago/Turabian StyleBegines, Belén, Tamara Ortiz, María Pérez-Aranda, Guillermo Martínez, Manuel Merinero, Federico Argüelles-Arias, and Ana Alcudia. 2020. "Polymeric Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Prospects" Nanomaterials 10, no. 7: 1403. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10071403