Recent Progress in Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Halide Perovskite Materials for Solar Cells
2.1. Crystal Structure
2.2. Electronic Structure
2.3. Structure of Perovskite Solar Cells
3. Perovskite Materials for Tandem Solar Cells
3.1. Wide-Bandgap for Perovskite Top Cell
3.2. Narrow-Bandgap Perovskites for Bottom Cells
3.3. Optical Absorption and Bandgap Tuneability
4. Tandem Configuration
4.1. 4T Tandem Solar Cells
4.1.1. Mechanically Stacked 4T Tandem Solar Cells
4.1.2. Optical Splitting
4.1.3. Large Area Tandem Modules with Four Terminals
4.1.4. Four-Terminal CIGS-Based Solar Cells
4.1.5. 4T Perovskite/Si Tandem Solar Cells
4.1.6. Four-Terminal Perovskite–Perovskite Tandems
4.2. Two-Terminal (2T) Perovskite–Silicon Tandem Solar Cells
4.2.1. Two-Terminal Perovskite–CIGS Tandems
4.2.2. Two-Terminal Perovskite–Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
4.2.3. The Layer of Recombination in a 2T Tandem
5. Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells: Challenges
5.1. Device Structure
5.2. Long-Term Stability
5.2.1. Material-Related Instability
5.2.2. Intrinsic Stability
5.3. Charge Transport Layers
6. Perovskite Tandem Solar Cell Power Losses
6.1. Parasitic Absorption
6.2. Reflection Losses
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Device Structure | Tandem Type | Top/ Bottom | Voc [V] | Jsc [mAcm−2] | FF [%] | PCE [%] | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ITO/PTAA/MAPbI3/PCBM/C60/BCP/Cu/Au | 4T | Top | 1.08 | 20.6 | 74.1 | 16.5 | [57] |
IZrO/SnO2/Cs0.05FA0.81MA0.14PbI2.55 Br0.45 /Spiro/MoO3/IZO/MgF2 | 4T | Top | 1.12 | 22.3 | 77.7 | 19.4 | [116] |
ITO/PEDOT:PSS/MA0.5FA0.5Pb0.75Sn0.25 I3/PCBM/Bis-C60/Ag | 4T | Bottom | 0.76 | 9.14 | 80 | 5.56 | [67] |
FTO/SnO2/C60SAM/FA0.3MA0.7PbI3/ Spiro-OMeTAD/MoOx/Au/MoOx | 4T | Top | 1.141 | 20.1 | 80 | 18.3 | [166] |
FTO/bl-TiO2/MAPbBr3/PTAA/PCBM/ MAPbI3/PEDOT:PSS/ITO | 2T | Top | 2.25 | 8.3 | 56 | 10.4 | [125] |
ITO/SnO2/C60-SAM/SiO2-NP/(FA0.83MA0.17)0.95Pb (I0.83Br0.17)3/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoO3 | 4T | Bottom | 1.18 | 18.6 | 67.6 | 15.0 | [140] |
FTO/c-TiO2/m- TiO2/PbI2/CH3NH3I/Spiro-MeOTAD/ MoOx/Ag | 4T | Top | 0.93 | 18.5 | 51.9 | 11.6 | [77] |
FTO/c-TiO2/m-TiO2/perovskite/SpiroOMeTAD/Au | 4T | Top | 1.11 | 23.6 | 74 | 19.4 | [134] |
ITO/(PFN-Br)/perovskite/LiF/C60/(BCP)/Ag | 2T | Top | 1.886 | 19.12 | 75.3 | 18.53 | [167] |
ITO/TiO2/perovskite/Sproro-OMeTAD/MoO3/Au | 4T | Top | 1.156 | 19.8 | 79.9 | 18.3 | [78] |
ITO/PTAA/(FA0.65MA0.20Cs0.15)Pb(I0.8Br0.2)3/C60/Ag | 2T | Top | 0.677 | 35.11 | 76 | 17.28 | [144] |
2T | 4T |
---|---|
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© 2023 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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Ašmontas, S.; Mujahid, M. Recent Progress in Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. Nanomaterials 2023, 13, 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13121886
Ašmontas S, Mujahid M. Recent Progress in Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells. Nanomaterials. 2023; 13(12):1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13121886
Chicago/Turabian StyleAšmontas, Steponas, and Muhammad Mujahid. 2023. "Recent Progress in Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells" Nanomaterials 13, no. 12: 1886. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13121886