Low-Gain, Low-Noise Integrated Neuronal Amplifier for Implantable Artifact-Reduction Recording System
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Feature | Requirements | Specifications |
---|---|---|
Macro-electrode | Tissue/macro-electrode model on LFP band (NEX100) | No in vivo data |
Engineering Challenges | Compliant with an closed-loop system using a single electrode (stimulation artifact) | Recording circuit strategy |
Low power | ≥10 μW | |
Low area | ≥0.2 mm2 | |
Noise | 5 μVRMS | |
in vivo biosignal | Characteristics | Range |
LFP | Band | 1–300 Hz |
Amplitude | 10 μV–1 mV | |
Spike | Band | 300Hz–10 kHz |
Amplitude | 10 μV–1 mV |
2. Design Methods
2.1. Specifications
2.1.1. Biosignal Characteristics
2.1.2. Tissue/Macro-Electrode Interface Characterization
2.1.3. Neuronal Amplifier Topology for Recording Circuit Strategy Used in Closed-Loop System for Artifact Rejection
2.1.4. Integrated Neuronal Amplifier Specifications
2.2. Design of the Integrated Neuronal Amplifier
2.2.1. Integrated Neuronal Amplifier Topology
2.2.2. Sizing Procedure and Layout Considerations
3. Validation Methods
3.1. Animal Preparation
3.2. Tissue/Macro-Electrode Interface Characterization
3.3. Neuronal Amplifier Electrical Characterization
3.4. Neuronal Amplifier Validation with Synthesized Bio-Signals
3.5. Neuronal Amplifier Validation with Awake Rodent Experiments
4. Results
4.1. Tissue/Electrode Interface Characterization
Electrode | Ce (F) | RP (Ohm) | RS (Ohm) |
---|---|---|---|
NEX100 (in vivo) | 34 nF | >4.68 MΩ | 67.8 kΩ |
MS306/SP (in vivo) | 90 nF | >552 kΩ | 119 kΩ |
NEX100 (in vitro) | 22.7 nF | >7 MΩ | 119 kΩ |
MS306/SP (in vitro) | 17 nF | >4.7 MΩ | <95.5 kΩ |
NEX100 (5 months) | 74 nF | >2.2 MΩ | 113 kΩ |
Medtronic 3387 [10] | 10 µF | 2–5 kΩ | 1–500 Ω |
Multielectrode array [32] | 12 pF | 6 TΩ | 2–5 kΩ |
4.2. Neuronal Amplifier Electrical Characterization
Parameter | Monte Carlo | Measure |
---|---|---|
Gain (dB) | 21.37 ± 3.94 | 22.53 ± 0.18 |
High cut-off frequency(kHz) | 13.25 ± 4.13 | 8.60 ± 2.95 |
Process (µm) | Gain (dB) | Spectrum (Hz) | [BW] (µVRMS, Hz) | NEF | Power/Area (µW/ mm2) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.35 | This | 22.53 | 41.2 mHz–8.6 kHz | 3.99 [1–10 kHz] | 2.04 | 6.73/0.15 |
[17] | 46–74 | 0.1–10 kHz | 13.0 [10–10 kHz] | 3.53 | 1.65/0.05 | |
[18] | 34 | 2.6–6.2 kHz | 1.90 [1–6 kHz] | 5.10 | 66/N/A | |
[33] | 33 | 10–5 kHz | 6.08 [10–5 kHz] | 5.55 | 8.4/0.02 | |
0.13 | [34] | 37 | 5–7 kHz | 5.5 [NA–7 kHz] | 2.58 | 1.5/N/A |
0.13 | [35] | 40 | 0.05–10.5 kHz | 2.2 [0.1–105 kHz] | 2.90 | 12.1/0.072 |
0.18 | [19] | 39.4 | 10–7.2 kHz | 3.5 [10–100 kHz] | 3.35 | 7.92/0.0625 |
1.5 | [36] | 80 | 0.5–10 kHz | 3.12 [0.5–50 kHz] | 13.80 | 300/N/A |
0.5 | [37] | 39.6 | 0.2–8.2 kHz | 1.94 [0.5–50 kHz] | 2.90 | 40.1/N/A |
4.3. Neuronal Amplifier Validation: Test-Bench Experiments
Noise level | Waveform Generator | Recording Output |
---|---|---|
No noise wave | 20.4 V/V ± 4.0% | 2.9 V/V ± 7.2% |
Noise level #1 | 3.0 V/V ± 2.1% | 2.2 V/V ± 6.4% |
Noise level #2 | 2.2 V/V ± 1.6% | 2.0 V/V ± 6.5% |
Noise level #3 | 1.9 V/V ± 2.6% | 1.7 V/V ± 6.8% |
4.4. Neuronal Amplifier Validation: Awake Rodents Experiments
5. Discussion
5.1. Tissue/Electrode Interface Characterization
5.2. Neuronal Amplifier Topology
5.3. Neuronal Amplifier Performances
5.4. Neuronal Amplifier Validation: Test-Bench and Awake Rodent Experiments
Acknowledgment
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zbrzeski, A.; Lewis, N.; Rummens, F.; Jung, R.; N'Kaoua, G.; Benazzouz, A.; Renaud, S. Low-Gain, Low-Noise Integrated Neuronal Amplifier for Implantable Artifact-Reduction Recording System. J. Low Power Electron. Appl. 2013, 3, 279-299. https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea3030279
Zbrzeski A, Lewis N, Rummens F, Jung R, N'Kaoua G, Benazzouz A, Renaud S. Low-Gain, Low-Noise Integrated Neuronal Amplifier for Implantable Artifact-Reduction Recording System. Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications. 2013; 3(3):279-299. https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea3030279
Chicago/Turabian StyleZbrzeski, Adeline, Noëlle Lewis, Francois Rummens, Ranu Jung, Gilles N'Kaoua, Abdelhamid Benazzouz, and Sylvie Renaud. 2013. "Low-Gain, Low-Noise Integrated Neuronal Amplifier for Implantable Artifact-Reduction Recording System" Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 3, no. 3: 279-299. https://doi.org/10.3390/jlpea3030279