How Collective Intelligence Fosters Incremental Innovation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
“Collective intelligence increases the capacity for effective action in pursuit of common aims and finding emergent and sustainable solutions to the complex problems.”[3]
2. Literature Review
2.1. Collective Intelligence (CI)
“CI as the capacity of human communities to evolve towards higher-order complexity and harmony through such innovation mechanisms as variation-feedback-selection, differentiation-integration-transformation, and competition”[10]
2.2. Motivation Theory
2.3. Incremental Innovation
“incremental improvements to existing products, services, and organizational routines that can enhance performance, quality, and usefulness, and are vital to making more competitively advanced products and services.”
3. Hypotheses
3.1. The Relationship between Two Contribution Motivations and CI
3.2. Suggested Research Model
4. Method
4.1. Sampling and Data Collection
4.2. Instrument Construction
4.2.1. Exogenous Variables
4.2.2. Endogenous Variables: Collective Intelligence, Incremental Innovation Capability
5. Data Analysis
5.1. Assessment of the Measurement Model
5.2. Tests of Hypotheses
6. Discussion
6.1. Theoretical Implications
6.2. Managerial Implications
6.3. Future Direction and Limitations
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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n = 1500 | Frequency | % | |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | Male | 760 | 50.7 |
Female | 740 | 49.3 | |
Education | High School | 102 | 6.8 |
College Student | 367 | 24.5 | |
Bachelor’s degree | 678 | 45.2 | |
Over M.A Degree | 353 | 23.5 | |
Ages | 20–29 years | 361 | 24.1 |
30–39 years | 401 | 26.7 | |
40–49 years | 367 | 24.5 | |
50–59 years | 321 | 21.4 | |
Over 60 years | 50 | 3.3 | |
Position | Accounting and Management | 455 | 30.3 |
Operations | 242 | 16.1 | |
Strategic Planning | 318 | 21.2 | |
Production and Research | 269 | 17.9 | |
Others | 216 | 14.4 | |
Firm Size | 10 and fewer employees | 219 | 14.6 |
10–30 employees | 284 | 18.9 | |
30–50 employees | 138 | 9.2 | |
50–100 employees | 199 | 13.3 | |
100–300 employees | 272 | 18.1 | |
Over 300 employees | 389 | 25.9 |
Construct | Survey Measures |
---|---|
Social contribution motivation | I wish to contribute my knowledge for the purpose of sharing it with others (sharing contribution) |
I wish to add or correct wrong information in the public based on my knowledge (addition ⋅ correction) | |
I wish to help others find answers to their questions (answer questions) | |
I wish to exhibit my knowledge to large numbers of people (knowledge exhibition) | |
I like to cooperate with others to create knowledge (knowledge collaboration) | |
Personal contribution motivation | I can acquire new knowledge and skills by contributing (skill acquisition) |
I find it helps my career (career development) | |
I am curious about the responses of others regarding my knowledge (response of others) | |
I like to be compensated for the provision of knowledge (tangible/intangible compensation) | |
I wish to be recognized for my capability and seek a greater reputation (recognition and reputation) | |
Participation | I can easily express my work-related opinions using collective intelligence |
I can easily post work-related opinions using collective intelligence | |
I can easily solicit work-related opinions from other organization members using collective intelligence | |
I can express work-related ideas using collective intelligence. | |
I can post unique work-related opinions to organization members using collective intelligence | |
Sharing | I use collective intelligence to acquire new knowledge or information |
I use collective intelligence to share knowledge or information with other people | |
I use collective intelligence to acquire knowledge or information not found in other places | |
I use collective intelligence to find solutions to my problems | |
Co-Creation | I like to post new writings, pictures, and videos using collective intelligence |
I use knowledge or information from collective intelligence after correcting, editing, or reprocessing it | |
I directly operate or manage a means of collective intelligence | |
I make an effort to continually post new information to collective intelligence | |
Process Innovation | In-house rules and work processes have improved compared with the past |
The management process has improved compared with the past. | |
The purposes of reducing costs have improved compared with the past. | |
The work efficiency has improved compared with the past. | |
Operation Innovation | The welfare of employees has improved compared with the past. |
Work satisfaction among members have enhanced compared with the past. | |
The work of members has improved compared with the past. | |
Personal relationships among workers have improved compared with the past. | |
Service Innovation | Visiting customers have increased compared with the past |
Customer satisfaction raised compared with the past. | |
Our response to customer complaints have improved compared with the past. | |
The speed of customer service has improved compared with the past. |
Independent Variables | Dependent Variable | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Construct | Items | F.L | Construct | Items | F.L |
Social Contribution Motivation | SCM1 | 0.758 | Co-Creation | COC1 | 0.845 |
SCM2 | 0.778 | COC1 | 0.863 | ||
SCM3 | 0.764 | COC1 | 0.846 | ||
SCM4 | 0.791 | COC1 | 0.916 | ||
SCM5 | 0.794 | Dependent Variables | |||
Process Innovation | PI1 | 0.938 | |||
Personal Contribution Motivation | PCM1 | 0.793 | PI1 | 0.934 | |
PCM2 | 0.802 | PI1 | 0.837 | ||
PCM3 | 0.812 | PI1 | 0.747 | ||
PCM4 | 0.789 | PI1 | 0.840 | ||
PCM5 | 0.762 | Operation Innovation | OI1 | 0.847 | |
Mediated Variables | OI2 | 0.830 | |||
Participation | PAR1 | 0.734 | OI3 | ||
PAR2 | 0.690 | OI4 | 0.808 | ||
PAR3 | 0.725 | Service Innovation | SI1 | ||
PAR4 | 0.702 | SI2 | |||
PAR5 | 0.723 | SI3 | |||
Sharing | SHA1 | 0.693 | SI4 | ||
SHA2 | 0.723 | ||||
SHA3 | 0.704 | ||||
SHA4 | 0.791 | ||||
Independent Variables | Dependent Variables | ||||
Factor | Eigenvalues | % of Variance | Factor | Eigenvalues | % of Variance |
Factor 1 | 4.183 | 30.416 | Factor 1 | 4.355 | 27.217 |
Factor 2 | 1.425 | 25.663 | Factor 2 | 3.849 | 24.056 |
% of total variance extracted | 56.079 | Factor 3 | 3.064 | 19.149 | |
Mediated Variables | % of total variance extracted | 70.422 | |||
Factor | Eigenvalues | % of Variance | |||
Factor 1 | 3.645 | 29.042 | |||
Factor 2 | 2.929 | 22.528 | |||
Factor 3 | 1.761 | 13.546 | |||
% of total variance extracted | 64.116 |
Variables | Items | M | S.D | α | C.R |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Contribution | 5 | 3.71 | 0.55 | 0.804 | 0.882 |
Personal Contribution | 5 | 3.68 | 0.54 | 0.835 | 0.930 |
Participating | 5 | 3.69 | 0.52 | 0.803 | 0.880 |
Sharing | 4 | 3.74 | 0.56 | 0.810 | 0.885 |
Co-Creation | 4 | 3.16 | 0.81 | 0.844 | 0.898 |
Process Innovation | 4 | 3.44 | 0.67 | 0.837 | 0.937 |
Operation Innovation | 4 | 3.40 | 0.74 | 0.893 | 0.958 |
Service Innovation | 4 | 3.38 | 0.78 | 0.916 | 0.967 |
AVE | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.673 | 1 | |||||||
2 | 0.764 | 0.013 | 1 | ||||||
3 | 0.769 | 0.482 | 0.111 | 1 | |||||
4 | 0.648 | 0.328 | 0.063 | 0.366 | 1 | ||||
5 | 0.687 | 0.324 | 0.139 | 0.041 | 0.012 | 1 | |||
6 | 0.749 | 0.001 | 0.200 | 0.041 | 0.011 | 0.120 | 1 | ||
7 | 0.751 | 0.159 | 0.278 | 0.119 | 0.014 | 0.133 | 0.387 | 1 | |
8 | 0.760 | 0.005 | 0.107 | 0.022 | 0.060 | 0.010 | 0.344 | 0.507 | 1 |
Hypothesis | S.E | Standardized Coefficient | Support |
---|---|---|---|
H1-1: Social Contribution -> Participating | 0.035 | 0.213 *** (0.278)/z = 7.763 | Yes |
H1-2: Social Contribution -> Sharing | 0.144 | 0.317 *** (0.402)/z = 10.211 | Yes |
H1-3: Social Contribution -> Co-Creation | 0.052 | 0.325 *** (0.503)/z = 11.012 | Yes |
H2-1: Personal Contribution -> Participating | 0.054 | 0.492 *** (0.571)/z = 12.352 | Yes |
H2-2: Personal Contribution -> Sharing | 0.071 | 0.664 *** (0.744)/z = 13.423 | Yes |
H2-3: Personal Contribution -> Co-Creation | 0.056 | 0.532 *** (0.602)/z = 12.985 | Yes |
H3-1: Participating -> Process | 0.055 | 0.249 *** (0.307)/z = 8.974 | Yes |
H3-2: Participating -> Operation | 0.063 | 0.210 *** (0.346)/z = 13.321 | Yes |
H3-3: Participating -> Service | 0.058 | 0.356 *** (0.472)/z = 15.742 | Yes |
H4-1: Sharing -> Process | 0.052 | 0.291 *** (0.395)/z = 14.213 | Yes |
H4-2: Sharing -> Operation | 0.048 | 0.259 *** (0.325)/z = 10.855 | Yes |
H4-3: Sharing -> Service | 0.055 | 0.309 *** (0.412)/z = 10.512 | Yes |
H5-1: Co-creation -> Process | 0.056 | 0.307 *** (0.410)/z = 10.103 | Yes |
H5-2: Co-creation -> Operation | 0.068 | 0.306 *** (0.406)/z = 11.317 | Yes |
H5-3: Co-creation -> Service | 0.075 | 0.392 *** (0.502)/z = 12.308 | Yes |
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Lee, J.-Y.; Jin, C.-H. How Collective Intelligence Fosters Incremental Innovation. J. Open Innov. Technol. Mark. Complex. 2019, 5, 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030053
Lee J-Y, Jin C-H. How Collective Intelligence Fosters Incremental Innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity. 2019; 5(3):53. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030053
Chicago/Turabian StyleLee, Jung-Yong, and Chang-Hyun Jin. 2019. "How Collective Intelligence Fosters Incremental Innovation" Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 5, no. 3: 53. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc5030053