Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
Strategy Used
3. Results
3.1. Search Outcomes
3.2. Diet-Only Interventions
3.3. Diet and Physical Activity Interventions
Program Name Reference | Country | Study Design | Duration | Population Group | Parents’ Involvement | Teachers’ Training | Theoretical Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Cognitive Theory | Ecological Model | Health Promotion Model | |||||||
Diet only | |||||||||
Diatrofi Dalma et al., 2018 [26] | Greece | RCT | 1 school year | N = 6288, elementary and secondary schools | X | ||||
H2NOE Water Schools Griebler et al., 2021 [23] | Austria | non-randomized controlled cluster trial | 1 school year | N = 1148, 8 years old | X | X | X | ||
HKCC Irwin et al., 2019 [24] | United Kingdom | non-randomized CT | 1 school year | N = 931, 8–14 years old | X | X | X | ||
ACTION Winzer et al., 2021 [25] | Austria | RCT | 5 weeks | N = 344, 5th grade | X | X | |||
Diet and PA | |||||||||
POIBA Ariza et al., 2019 [31] | Spain | multicomponent and multilevel RCT | 1 school year | N = 3073, 9–10 years old | X | X | |||
POIBA Sánchez-Martínez et al., 2021 [32] | N = 1653, 9–10 years old | X | X | ||||||
- Altay et al., 2020 [37] | Turkey | RCT | 6 weeks | N = 1609, 9–15 years old | |||||
Health Promotion Intervention to Improve Diet Quality in Children Rosário et al., 2017 [35] | Portugal | RCT | 6 months of teachers’ training/5-month implementation | N = 294, 6–12 years old | X | X | X | ||
SMS Weber et al., 2017 [34] | Germany | non-randomized CT | 10 months | N = 192, 8–10 years old | X | X | |||
HHP Pablos et al., 2018 [33] | Spain | RCT | 8 months | N = 158, 5th or 6th grade | X | X | |||
Project Spraoi Merrotsy et al., 2019 [36] | Ireland | RCT | 2 years | N = 101, 6 and 10 years old | X | X | |||
HPSF Bartelink et al., 2019 [38,39] | The Netherlands | non-randomized CT | 2 years | N = 1974 4–12 years |
Program Name Reference | Country | Study Design | Duration | Population Group | Parents’ Involvement | Teachers’ Training | Theoretical Model | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Social Cognitive Theory | Ecological Model | Health Promotion Model | |||||||
Diet only | |||||||||
- Verdonschot et al., 2020 [28] | The Netherlands | non-randomized CT | 6 months (follow-up: 6 months) | N = 1274, 7–12 years old | Χ | ||||
Project Daire Brennan et al., 2021 [29] | Ireland | RCT | 6 months | N = 903, 6–7 and 10–11 years old | |||||
Taste Lessons Battjes-Fries MC et al., 2016 [27] | The Netherlands | non-randomized CT | 6 months follow-up of 1mo and 6 months | N = 392, 8–12 years old | X | ||||
- Weber et al., 2020 [30] | Germany | non-randomized CT | 3 days (follow-up: 3 months) | N = 305, 8–10 years old | |||||
Diet and PA | |||||||||
Extra Fit Kocken et al., 2016 [40] | Thw Netherlands | RCT | 2 school years | N = 1112, 9–11 years old | X | ||||
KOP Mack et al., 2020 [41] | Germany | RCT | 2 weeks (follow-up: 4 weeks) | N = 82 9–12 years |
Program Name Reference | Intervention | Outcome Measures | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometrics | Nutrition Behavior | Other | ||
Diet only | ||||
Diatrofi Dalma et al., 2018 [26] | Intervention A: daily lunch bag Intervention B: food voucher | ↑ positive food preferences at school | ↑ self-organization | |
H2NOE Water Schools Griebler et al., 2021 [23] | Free refillable water bottle and workshops | ↑ water consumption | ||
HKCC Irwin et al., 2019 [24] | Education programs about water and SSB consumption and water bottle filling stations | ↑ water consumption ↓ SSB consumption | ↑ nutrition knowledge | |
ACTION Winzer et al., 2021 [25] | Diet and hydration sessions | ↓ free sugar intake | ||
Diet and PA | ||||
POIBA Ariza et al., 2019 [31] | Evaluation of body weight, diet and PA sessions Family workshops Subsidized fees for extracurricular sports for some families | ↓ Incidence of obesity | ||
POIBA Sánchez-Martínez et al., 2021 [32] | ↓ Incidence of obesity | |||
- Altay et al., 2020 [37] | Evaluation of body weight, healthy lifestyle sessions, workshops and booklets | ↑ breakfast consumption | ↑ self-efficacy | |
Health Promotion Intervention to Improve Diet Quality in Children Rosário et al., 2017 [35] | Interactive overweight and obesity prevention, diet, PA, hydration and cooking sessions Sessions delivered by trained teachers who took the same sessions | ↑ vegetable adequacy ↑ sodium moderation | ||
SMS Weber et al., 2017 [34] | 2 additional exercise lessons weekly from qualified trainers and 10 nutrition lessons per school year | NS BMI, muscle and fat mass, and percentage body fat | NS changes in self-reported food consumption | ↑ physical fitness and motor skills |
HHP Pablos et al., 2018 [33] | PA sessions and activities Interactive healthy habits sessions Sessions delivered by trained teachers Worksheet completion about healthy habits Workshops for families and teachers | ↑ prevalence for BMI according to level | ↑ proper breakfast consumption ↑ better diet quality | ↓ glucose ↓ TAG ↓ BP ↑ VO2max |
Project Spraoi Merrotsy et al., 2019 [36] | PA and nutrition sessions and PA classes | ↓ waist-to-height ratio (only 10-year-old children) | ↑ fiber intake (only 6-year-old boys) | ↓ systolic and diastolic BP (only 10-year-old children) |
HPSF Bartelink et al., 2019 [38,39] | Full HPSF: free mid-morning snack and lunch every day, structured PA sessions and cultural activities, water bottles Partial HPSF: structured PA sessions and cultural activities | Full HPSF ↑ healthy dietary behaviors ↑ school water consumption Partial HPSF ↓ unhealthy dietary behaviors | Full HPSF ↓ time spent sedentary ↑ time in light PA ↓ total time spent in both PA and sedentary behaviors | |
At school ↑ water consumption (full HPSF) | At school ↓ time spent sedentary ↑ time in light PA and MVPA increased (full and partial HPSF) At home ↓ time spent in light PA (partial HPSF) |
Program Name Reference | Intervention | Outcome Measures | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Anthropometrics | Nutrition Behavior | Other | ||
Diet only | ||||
- Verdonschot et al., 2020 [28] | FV: 3 pieces of FV per child per week Ed group: 5 nutrition lessons FV + Ed group | NS change in consumption of FV | ↑ nutrition knowledge | |
Project Daire Brennan et al., 2021 [29] | Nourish: provision of healthy snacks, resources to improve school food presentation, cookery equipment and recipes, sensory education materials, catering for school events, attendance at Tasting Days, holding discussions with relevant school staff Engage: lessons + activities developed to support the lesson. The intervention was largely delivered by teachers | Nourish intervention ↑ positive changes ↑ fizzy drinks and chocolate | Nourish Intervention ↑ emotional and behavioral wellbeing ↑ food knowledge ↑ cooking competence | |
Taste Lessons Battjes-Fries MC et al., 2016 [27] | 10–12 lessons per two grades (grades 5–8). Each lesson included taste testing, conducting experiments and homework assignments. | Teachers and children highly appreciated the taste lessons NS change in eating behavior | ||
- Weber et al., 2020 [30] | 3 practical nutrition lessons from dietitians | ↑ nutrition knowledge ↑ nutrition skills (prepared fruit quark by themselves) NS change in behavioral development | ||
Diet and PA | ||||
Extra Fit Kocken et al., 2016 [40] | 7 nutrition and physical activity lessons in the 1st school year, and 9 lessons in the 2nd year | NS changes in BMI, waist and hip circumference | NS changes in consumption of breakfast and specific food groups (fruits, vegetables, sweet drinks, savory and sweet snacks) | ↑ nutrition knowledge |
KOP Mack et al., 2020 [41] | Playing a game twice a week (45 min): 1. presentation of a story in a video; 2. the player has to move an avatar in a 3D medieval world to walk from the site of one task to another Topics addressed by the game: nutrition, physical activity and stress coping | NS changes in HNI | ↑ food knowledge NS changes in PA |
4. Discussion
5. Future Directions and Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Drouka, A.; Brikou, D.; Causeret, C.; Al Ali Al Malla, N.; Sibalo, S.; Ávila, C.; Alcat, G.; Kapetanakou, A.E.; Gurviez, P.; Fellah-Dehiri, N.; et al. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. Children 2023, 10, 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101676
Drouka A, Brikou D, Causeret C, Al Ali Al Malla N, Sibalo S, Ávila C, Alcat G, Kapetanakou AE, Gurviez P, Fellah-Dehiri N, et al. Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children. Children. 2023; 10(10):1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101676
Chicago/Turabian StyleDrouka, Archontoula, Dora Brikou, Céline Causeret, Nur Al Ali Al Malla, Stéphane Sibalo, Concha Ávila, Gabriela Alcat, Anastasia E. Kapetanakou, Patricia Gurviez, Nawel Fellah-Dehiri, and et al. 2023. "Effectiveness of School-Based Interventions in Europe for Promoting Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors in Children" Children 10, no. 10: 1676. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101676