Characteristics of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: A Croatian Single-Centre Retrospective Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Ethics
2.3. Participants
2.4. Data Collection and Description
2.5. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameters | Total IBD (n = 107) | UC (n = 47) | CD (n = 59) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 14.1 (11.6–16.1) | 14.8 (12.8–16.7) | 13.7 (11.4–15.8) | 0.044 * |
<6 | 2 (1.9) | 2 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.043 † |
6–<12 | 26 (24.3) | 7 (14.9) | 19 (32.2) | |
12–<18 | 79 (73.0) | 38 (80.9) | 40 (67.8) | |
Symptoms duration (months) | 2.0 (1.0–5.0); n = 97 | 2.0 (0.0–3.0); n = 42 | 3.0 (2.0–6.0); n = 55 | 0.003 * |
Gender | ||||
Male | 65 (60.7) | 28 (59.6) | 37 (62.7) | 0.742 † |
Female | 42 (39.3) | 19 (40.4) | 22 (37.3) | |
Residence | ||||
Urban | 77 (72.0) | 33 (70.2) | 43 (72.9) | 0.762 † |
Rural | 30 (28.0) | 14 (29.8) | 16 (27.1) | |
Family history among first- and/or second-degree relatives | ||||
Autoimmune disorders | 23 (21.7) | 11 (23.4) | 12 (20.3) | 0.704 † |
IBD | 9 (8.4) | 4 (8.5) | 5 (8.5) | 0.995 † |
Other autoimmune disorders | 19 (17.9) | 10 (21.3) | 9 (15.3) | 0.422 † |
Patient Group | Incidence Rate; Median (95% Confidence Interval) | p-Value |
---|---|---|
Total IBD ‡ | 9.89 (5.93–13.84) | |
Type of IBD ‡ | ||
Ulcerative colitis | 3.63 (2.29–6.42) | 0.345 * |
Crohn’s disease | 4.21 (2.53–8.29) | |
Age (years) § | ||
<6 | 0.00 (0.00–1.96) | <0.001 † |
6–<12 | 5.75 (3.52–10.73) | |
12–<18 | 19.68 (11.87–26.42) | |
Gender § | ||
Male | 11.19 (5.74–14.98) | 0.174 * |
Female | 8.67 (4.69–10.94) |
Parameters | Total IBD (n = 105) | UC (n = 45) | CD (n = 59) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Height (z-score) | 0.70 (0.04–1.29) | 0.75 (0.17–1.37) | 0.70 (0.04–1.29) | 0.903 * |
Severe short stature | 2 (1.9) | 2 (4.4) | 0 (0.0) | - |
Weight (z-score) | 0.22 (−0.56–0.76) | 0.25 (−0.51–0.88) | 0.22 (−0.62–0.72) | 0.533 * |
BMI (z-score) | −0.34 (−0.97–0.45) | −0.21 (−1.10–0.57) | −0.45 (−0.95–0.40) | 0.383 * |
Normal weight | 85 (81.0) | 35 (77.8) | 49 (83.1) | 0.874 † |
Overweight | 7 (6.7) | 4 (8.9) | 3 (5.1) | |
Underweight | 11 (10.5) | 5 (11.1) | 6 (10.2) | |
Severe underweight | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.2) | 1 (1.7) |
Parameters | Total IBD (n = 107) | UC (n = 47) | CD (n = 59) | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Diarrhea | 65 (60.7) | 33 (70.2) | 32 (54.2) | 0.093 * |
Abdominal pain | 54 (50.5) | 20 (42.6) | 33 (55.9) | 0.171 * |
Rectal bleeding | 53 (49.5) | 34 (72.3) | 19 (32.2) | <0.001 * |
Fever | 17 (15.9) | 5 (10.6) | 12 (20.3) | 0.176 * |
Weight loss | 15 (14.0) | 4 (8.5) | 11 (18.6) | 0.137 * |
Nausea | 8 (7.5) | 2 (4.3) | 6 (10.2) | 0.252 * |
Growth retardation | 3 (2.8) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0.430 * |
Moth ulcers | 3 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (5.1) | 0.177 * |
Tenesmus | 3 (2.8) | 2 (4.3) | 1 (1.7) | 0.430 * |
Appendicitis | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.4) | - |
Constipation | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Lethargy | 2 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (3.4) | - |
Inappetence | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Incontinence | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Heartburn | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Meteorism | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Extra-intestinal manifestations | 19 (17.8) | 7 (14.9) | 11 (18.6) | 0.609 * |
Dermatologic | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Musculoskeletal | 9 (8.4) | 4 (8.5) | 5 (8.5) | 0.995 * |
Hepatic | 3 (2.8) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Hematologic | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Aphtous stomatitis | 3 (2.8) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (3.4) | 0.697 * |
Pericardial effusion | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Other | 1 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Associated diseases | 28 (26.1) | 14 (29.8) | 14 (23.7) | 0.482 * |
Celiac disease | 6 (5.6) | 2 (4.3) | 4 (6.8) | 0.576 * |
Respiratory diseases | 5 (4.7) | 4 (8.5) | 1 (1.7) | 0.100 * |
Chronic gastritis | 2 (1.9) | 1 (2.1) | 1 (1.7) | - |
Valvular dysfunction | 5 (4.7) | 3 (6.4) | 2 (3.4) | 0.470 * |
Other | 12 (11.2) | 4 (8.5) † | 8 (13.6) ‡ | 0.415 * |
Allergies | 12 (11.2) | 6 (12.8) | 6 (10.2) | 0.675 * |
Perianal manifestations | 8 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 8 (13.6) | 0.009 * |
Parameters | Total IBD | UC | CD | p-Value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Elevated CRP | 72/101 (71.3) | 33/44 (75.0) | 39/56 (69.6) | 0.554 * |
High sedimentation rate | 30/78 (38.5) | 11/33 (33.3) | 19/44 (43.2) | 0.380 * |
Leukocytosis | 35/104 (33.7) | 19/45 (42.2) | 16/58 (27.6) | 0.120 * |
Low hemoglobin | 44/105 (41.9) | 22/46 (47.8) | 22/58 (37.9) | 0.310 * |
Elevated platelets | 41/103 (39.8) | 18/45 (40.0) | 23/57 (40.4) | 0.971 * |
Hypoalbuminemia | 64/94 (68.1) | 27/39 (69.2) | 37/54 (68.5) | 0.942 * |
Low total protein | 15/94 (16.0) | 10/39 (25.6) | 5/54 (3.9) | 0.034 * |
Low iron | 39/89 (43.8) | 16/35 (45.7) | 23/53 (43.4) | 0.830 * |
Low ferritin | 27/86 (31.4) | 13/34 (38.2) | 13/51 (25.5) | 0.040 * |
Elevated ferritin | 16/86 (18.6) | 2/34 (5.9) | 14/51 (27.5) | |
Vitamin D deficiency | 35/60 (58.3) | 22/33 (66.7) | 13/27 (48.1) | 0.331 * |
Vitamin D insufficiency | 19/60 (31.7) | 8/33 (24.2) | 11/27 (40.7) | |
Low folic acid | 24/27 (88.9) | 7/9 (77.8) | 17/18 (94.4) | 0.194 * |
Low vitamin B12 | 0/36 (0.0) | 0/13 (0.0) | 0/23 (0.0) | - |
Elevated IgG levels | 18/31 (58.1) | 4/9 (44.4) | 14/22 (63.6) | 0.326 * |
Elevated IgE levels | 4/23 (17.4) | 3/13 (23.1) | 1/10 (10.0) | 0.412 * |
Elevated TSH | 2/15 (13.3) | 0/9 (0.0) | 2/6 (33.3) | - |
Positive Clostridium difficile stool toxin test | 8/54 (14.8) | 5/31 (16.1) | 3/23 (13.09 | 0.752 * |
Elevated fecal calprotectin | 89/90 (98.9) | 44/44 (100.0) | 44/45 (97.8) | - |
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Pivac, I.; Jelicic Kadic, A.; Despot, R.; Zitko, V.; Tudor, D.; Runjic, E.; Markic, J. Characteristics of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: A Croatian Single-Centre Retrospective Study. Children 2023, 10, 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101677
Pivac I, Jelicic Kadic A, Despot R, Zitko V, Tudor D, Runjic E, Markic J. Characteristics of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: A Croatian Single-Centre Retrospective Study. Children. 2023; 10(10):1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101677
Chicago/Turabian StylePivac, Ivan, Antonia Jelicic Kadic, Ranka Despot, Vanda Zitko, Darija Tudor, Edita Runjic, and Josko Markic. 2023. "Characteristics of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children: A Croatian Single-Centre Retrospective Study" Children 10, no. 10: 1677. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10101677