Figure 1.
(a) conveyor belt transfer, (b) angled station, (c) a hopper.
Figure 1.
(a) conveyor belt transfer, (b) angled station, (c) a hopper.
Figure 2.
Impact rollers installed at the conveyor idler (a) fixed, (b) suspended carrying idlers, (c) spacing a [m] of the impact rollers in the transfer area of the conveyor belt.
Figure 2.
Impact rollers installed at the conveyor idler (a) fixed, (b) suspended carrying idlers, (c) spacing a [m] of the impact rollers in the transfer area of the conveyor belt.
Figure 3.
Laboratory device (a) 3D model software SolidWorks Premium 2012x64 SP5.0, (b) 2D drawing by AutoCAD software ver. 2010. 1—aluminum frame, 2—fixed conveyor idler, 3—impact roller, 4—strain gauge force sensor, 5—guide rod, 6—weights.
Figure 3.
Laboratory device (a) 3D model software SolidWorks Premium 2012x64 SP5.0, (b) 2D drawing by AutoCAD software ver. 2010. 1—aluminum frame, 2—fixed conveyor idler, 3—impact roller, 4—strain gauge force sensor, 5—guide rod, 6—weights.
Figure 4.
Fixed conveyor idlers with a (a) conventional and (b) special design. 1—impact roller, 2—the trestle of the conventional conveyor idler, 3—the trestle of the special conveyor idler, 4—plastic brackets.
Figure 4.
Fixed conveyor idlers with a (a) conventional and (b) special design. 1—impact roller, 2—the trestle of the conventional conveyor idler, 3—the trestle of the special conveyor idler, 4—plastic brackets.
Figure 5.
Dynamic force detection measuring chain. 1—weights, 2—impact roller, 3—fixed conveyor idler, 4—strain gauge force transducer, 5—DS NET strain gauge apparatus, 6—PC with DEWESoft X2 SP5 software.
Figure 5.
Dynamic force detection measuring chain. 1—weights, 2—impact roller, 3—fixed conveyor idler, 4—strain gauge force transducer, 5—DS NET strain gauge apparatus, 6—PC with DEWESoft X2 SP5 software.
Figure 6.
Laboratory equipment for measuring the vibration of a rotating roller casing (a) 3D model—SolidWorks software, (b) 2D drawing—AutoCAD software. 1—steel frame, 2—fixed conveyor idler, 3—impact roller, 4—split V-belt pulley, 5—V-belt, 6—electric motor, 7—tensioning device.
Figure 6.
Laboratory equipment for measuring the vibration of a rotating roller casing (a) 3D model—SolidWorks software, (b) 2D drawing—AutoCAD software. 1—steel frame, 2—fixed conveyor idler, 3—impact roller, 4—split V-belt pulley, 5—V-belt, 6—electric motor, 7—tensioning device.
Figure 7.
Impact Roller V-belt ϕ89 mm (a) 2D drawing—AutoCAD software and 3D model—SolidWorks software, (b) console. 1—part of the V-belt pulley, 2—bolted connection, 3—console, 4—bolted connection.
Figure 7.
Impact Roller V-belt ϕ89 mm (a) 2D drawing—AutoCAD software and 3D model—SolidWorks software, (b) console. 1—part of the V-belt pulley, 2—bolted connection, 3—console, 4—bolted connection.
Figure 8.
Measurement chain for the vibration detection of the rotating impact roller casing. 1—impact roller, 2—acceleration sensor, 3—optical laser sensor, 4—strain gauge apparatus DEWESoft SIRIUSi-HS, 5—PC with DEWESoft X software.
Figure 8.
Measurement chain for the vibration detection of the rotating impact roller casing. 1—impact roller, 2—acceleration sensor, 3—optical laser sensor, 4—strain gauge apparatus DEWESoft SIRIUSi-HS, 5—PC with DEWESoft X software.
Figure 9.
Impact roller (a) with outer diameter 108 mm, (b) fitted with an outer diameter V-belt pulley at Da = 174 mm and calculated diameter of Dw = 170 mm.
Figure 9.
Impact roller (a) with outer diameter 108 mm, (b) fitted with an outer diameter V-belt pulley at Da = 174 mm and calculated diameter of Dw = 170 mm.
Figure 10.
(a) Rubberized impact roller with outer diameter of 89 mm, (b) V-belt pulley of calculated diameter Dw = 150 mm. The arrows refer to the impact roller and the pulley mounted on the right transport roller.
Figure 10.
(a) Rubberized impact roller with outer diameter of 89 mm, (b) V-belt pulley of calculated diameter Dw = 150 mm. The arrows refer to the impact roller and the pulley mounted on the right transport roller.
Figure 11.
(a) Laboratory equipment used to measure impact forces, (b) placement of strain gauge sensors at the measuring points A and B. 1—aluminum frame, 2—fixed conveyor idler, 3—impact roller, 4—strain gauge force sensor, 5—guide rod, 6—weights.
Figure 11.
(a) Laboratory equipment used to measure impact forces, (b) placement of strain gauge sensors at the measuring points A and B. 1—aluminum frame, 2—fixed conveyor idler, 3—impact roller, 4—strain gauge force sensor, 5—guide rod, 6—weights.
Figure 12.
(a) F0(89)j,4 [N] and (b) F(89)j,4 [N].
Figure 12.
(a) F0(89)j,4 [N] and (b) F(89)j,4 [N].
Figure 13.
(a) F0(108)j,4 [N] and (b) F(108)j,4 [N].
Figure 13.
(a) F0(108)j,4 [N] and (b) F(108)j,4 [N].
Figure 14.
(a) F0(89)j,4 [N] and (b) F(89)j,4 [N].
Figure 14.
(a) F0(89)j,4 [N] and (b) F(89)j,4 [N].
Figure 15.
(a) F0(108)j,4 [N] and (b) F(108)j,4 [N].
Figure 15.
(a) F0(108)j,4 [N] and (b) F(108)j,4 [N].
Figure 16.
(a) Laboratory equipment used to measure the vibration of conveyor rollers, (b) the placement of accelerometers in measuring points B and D on the fixed conveyor idler and in points A and C on the frame on the laboratory equipment.
Figure 16.
(a) Laboratory equipment used to measure the vibration of conveyor rollers, (b) the placement of accelerometers in measuring points B and D on the fixed conveyor idler and in points A and C on the frame on the laboratory equipment.
Figure 17.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 17.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 18.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 18.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 19.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 19.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 20.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 20.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, steel brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 21.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 21.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 22.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 22.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ89 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 23.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 23.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point A, (b) measuring point B.
Figure 24.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 24.
Effective vibration speed values v(*)RMS(fi) [mm·s−1], the impact roller of ϕ108 mm, circumferential speed of the roller vr = 2.5 m·s−1, plastic brackets, (a) measuring point C, (b) measuring point D.
Figure 25.
Effective vibration velocity values for the impact roller of ϕ89mm (a) steel trestle and (b) plastic trestle.
Figure 25.
Effective vibration velocity values for the impact roller of ϕ89mm (a) steel trestle and (b) plastic trestle.
Figure 26.
Effective vibration velocity values for the impact roller of ϕ89 mm (a) steel trestle, (b) plastic trestle.
Figure 26.
Effective vibration velocity values for the impact roller of ϕ89 mm (a) steel trestle, (b) plastic trestle.
Table 1.
Frequency fi [Hz] set on the frequency converter for the required circumferential velocity of the impact roller vr [m·s−1].
Table 1.
Frequency fi [Hz] set on the frequency converter for the required circumferential velocity of the impact roller vr [m·s−1].
Dr [mm] | 89 | 108 |
---|
vr [m·s−1] | fi [Hz] | nr [s−1] | nr [min−1] | fi [Hz] | nr [s−1] | nr [min−1] |
---|
3.15 | 41.28 | 11.27 | 675.96 | 38.55 | 9.28 | 557.04 |
2.50 | 32.76 | 8.94 | 536.48 | 30.59 | 7.37 | 442.10 |
1.25 | 16.38 | 4.47 | 268.24 | 15.30 | 3.68 | 221.05 |
Table 2.
Impact roller with Dr = 89 mm diameter, plastic roller axle bracket.
Table 2.
Impact roller with Dr = 89 mm diameter, plastic roller axle bracket.
Dr [mm] | 89 |
---|
F0(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i − F0(Dr)j,i |
“A” | “B” | “A” | “B” | “A” | “B” |
119.3 | 122.8 | 202.9 | 208.2 | 83.6 | 85.4 |
119.4 | 123.0 | 202.7 | 207.6 | 83.3 | 84.6 |
119.1 | 122.9 | 203.5 | 209.8 | 84.1 | 86.9 |
119.4 1 | 123.0 1 | 204.8 2 | 210.4 2 | 85.7 | 87.4 |
119.6 | 123.6 | 201.9 | 206.9 | 82.3 | 83.3 |
| Fd(Dr)j [N] | 83.8 | 85.5 |
| κα,j [N] | 1.5 | 2.3 |
Table 3.
Impact roller with Dr = 108 mm diameter, plastic roller axle bracket.
Table 3.
Impact roller with Dr = 108 mm diameter, plastic roller axle bracket.
Dr [mm] | 108 |
---|
F0(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i − F0(Dr)j,i |
“A” | “B” | “A” | “B” | “A” | “B” |
124.0 | 127.9 | 188.4 | 192.5 | 64.4 | 64.6 |
123.8 | 127.9 | 186.3 | 192.8 | 62.5 | 64.9 |
123.5 | 127.7 | 174.5 | 178.8 | 51.0 | 51.1 |
123.8 1 | 127.9 1 | 193.5 2 | 198.9 2 | 69.7 | 71.0 |
123.5 | 127.9 | 179.6 | 187.5 | 56.1 | 59.6 |
| Fd(Dr)j [N] | 60.7 | 62.2 |
| κα,j [N] | 10.0 | 9.6 |
Table 4.
Impact roller with Dr = 89 mm diameter, steel roller axle bracket.
Table 4.
Impact roller with Dr = 89 mm diameter, steel roller axle bracket.
Dr [mm] | 89 |
---|
F0(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i − F0(Dr)j,i |
“A” | “B” | “A” | “B” | “A” | “B” |
114.9 | 122.5 | 201.6 | 219.6 | 86.7 | 90.1 |
114.8 | 129.5 | 200.5 | 218.4 | 85.7 | 88.9 |
114.8 | 129.6 | 203.2 | 219.9 | 88.4 | 90.3 |
115.3 1 | 130.3 1 | 201.7 2 | 218.5 2 | 86.4 | 88.2 |
117.0 | 131.4 | 202.4 | 218.8 | 85.4 | 87.4 |
| Fd(Dr)j [N] | 86.5 | 89.0 |
| κα,j [N] | 1.4 | 1.7 |
Table 5.
Impact roller with Dr = 108 mm diameter, steel roller axle bracket.
Table 5.
Impact roller with Dr = 108 mm diameter, steel roller axle bracket.
Dr [mm] | 108 |
---|
F0(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i [N] | Measurement point “j” | F(Dr)j,i − F0(Dr)j,i |
“A” | “B” | “A” | “B” | “A” | “B” |
119.4 | 134.3 | 187.2 | 203.1 | 67.8 | 68.8 |
119.8 | 134.7 | 190.9 | 207.2 | 71.1 | 72.5 |
121.3 | 136.1 | 190.2 | 206.9 | 68.9 | 70.8 |
120.8 1 | 135.8 1 | 195.6 2 | 209.1 2 | 74.8 | 73.3 |
120.1 | 135.0 | 199.4 | 214.0 | 79.3 | 79.0 |
| Fd(Dr)j [N] | 72.4 | 72.9 |
| κα,j [N] | 6.5 | 4.6 |
Table 6.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—steel trestle.
Table 6.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—steel trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “A” | Measurement Point “B” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
39.84 | 677 | 3.16 | 0.21 | 0.20 | 0.12 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 0.57 |
31.55 | 536 | 2.50 | 0.30 1 | 0.17 1 | 0.13 1 | 0.48 2 | 0.15 2 | 0.45 2 |
16.28 | 268 | 1.25 | 0.15 | 0.10 | 0.08 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.16 |
Table 7.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—steel trestle.
Table 7.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—steel trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “C” | Measurement Point “D” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
39.82 | 677 | 3.15 | 0.44 | 0.21 | 0.10 | 0.54 | 0.11 | 0.62 |
31.48 | 535 | 2.49 | 0.79 1 | 0.20 1 | 0.09 1 | 0.57 2 | 0.13 2 | 0.43 2 |
15.78 | 268 | 1.25 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.16 |
Table 8.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—steel trestle.
Table 8.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—steel trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “A” | Measurement Point “B” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
37.72 | 559 | 3.16 | 0.38 | 0.32 | 0.18 | 0.56 | 0.20 | 0.92 |
29.98 | 444 | 2.51 | 0.33 1 | 0.30 1 | 0.15 1 | 0.41 2 | 0.16 2 | 0.85 2 |
14.96 | 222 | 1.25 | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.16 | 0.10 | 0.36 |
Table 9.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—steel trestle.
Table 9.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—steel trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “C” | Measurement Point “D” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
37.73 | 559 | 3.16 | 0.35 | 0.33 | 0.13 | 0.72 | 0.21 | 1.06 |
30.00 | 444 | 2.51 | 0.37 1 | 0.30 1 | 0.13 1 | 0.66 2 | 0.17 2 | 1.06 2 |
14.97 | 222 | 1.25 | 0.12 | 0.14 | 0.08 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.37 |
Table 10.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—plastic trestle.
Table 10.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—plastic trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “A” | Measurement Point “B” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
39.64 | 674 | 3.14 | 0.34 | 0.61 | 0.13 | 0.45 | 0.31 | 1.91 |
31.38 | 533 | 2.49 | 0.32 1 | 0.42 1 | 0.14 1 | 0.37 2 | 0.23 2 | 1.26 2 |
15.72 | 267 | 1.24 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.07 | 0.17 | 0.12 | 0.53 |
Table 11.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—plastic trestle.
Table 11.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 89 mm—plastic trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “C” | Measurement Point “D” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
39.56 | 672 | 3.13 | 0.32 | 0.49 | 0.10 | 0.44 | 0.19 | 1.98 |
31.36 | 533 | 2.48 | 0.53 1 | 0.30 1 | 0.10 1 | 0.42 2 | 0.17 2 | 1.18 2 |
15.70 | 267 | 1.24 | 0.19 | 0.14 | 0.06 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.43 |
Table 12.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—plastic trestle.
Table 12.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—plastic trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “A” | Measurement Point “B” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
37.62 | 557 | 3.15 | 0.73 | 0.57 | 0.22 | 0.71 | 0.48 | 1.20 |
29.84 | 442 | 2.50 | 0.26 1 | 0.42 1 | 0.10 1 | 0.33 2 | 0.20 2 | 1.14 2 |
14.87 | 220 | 1.25 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.20 | 0.10 | 0.46 |
Table 13.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—plastic trestle.
Table 13.
Axle placement of the impact roller with diameter Dr = 108 mm—plastic trestle.
fi | nr | vr | Measurement Point “C” | Measurement Point “D” |
---|
v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) | v(x)RMS(fi) | v(y)RMS(fi) | v(z)RMS(fi) |
---|
[Hz] | [min−1] | [m·s−1] | [mm·s−1] | [mm·s−1] |
---|
37.62 | 557 | 3.15 | 0.77 | 0.43 | 0.10 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 1.22 |
29.83 | 442 | 2.50 | 0.24 1 | 0.27 1 | 0.08 1 | 0.34 2 | 0.20 2 | 1.13 2 |
14.86 | 220 | 1.24 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.05 | 0.21 | 0.13 | 0.46 |