Lipid Oxidation in Emulsions Fortified with Iron-Loaded Alginate Beads
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Preparation of Alginate Beads
2.3. Encapsulation Efficiency (EE) of Iron-Loaded Alginate Beads
2.4. Morphological Characterization of Alginate Beads
2.5. Preparation and Physical Characterization of Emulsions
2.6. Measurement of Lipid Oxidation and Hydrolysis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Physical Properties of Alginate Beads
3.2. Physical Properties and Free Fatty Acid Formation in Incubated Emulsions
3.3. Lipid Oxidation in the Incubated Emulsions
3.4. Estimation of the Reactive Iron Fraction in Iron-Loaded Beads
3.5. Effect of a Second Alginate Layer on the Pro-Oxidant Activity of Iron
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Name | d[4,3] (mm) | Specific Surface Area (m2/kg Bead) |
---|---|---|
Very large bead (0.2 bar) | 2.05 ± 0.11 a | 2.9 |
Large bead (1 bar) | 1.51 ± 0.04 b | 4.0 |
Medium bead (2 bar) | 0.82 ± 0.01 c | 7.3 |
Small bead (3 bar) | 0.62 ± 0.02 d | 9.7 |
Empty medium bead | 0.76 ± 0.02 e | 7.9 |
Sample | mg KOH/g Oil |
---|---|
Stripped oil | 0.02 ± 0.005 a |
Control emulsion (0th day) | 0.06 ± 0.008 b |
Control emulsion (8th day) | 0.65 ± 0.011 c |
Free iron emulsion (8th day) | 1.02 ± 0.006 d |
Iron-loaded bead emulsion (8th day) | 0.94 ± 0.009 e |
Element | O | Na | S | Cl | Ca | Fe |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Iron-loaded beads | 59.54 | 0.88 | 0.48 | 17.61 | 18.51 | 2.98 |
Empty beads | 59.30 | 1.00 | - | 19.86 | 19.85 | - |
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Cengiz, A.; Schroën, K.; Berton-Carabin, C. Lipid Oxidation in Emulsions Fortified with Iron-Loaded Alginate Beads. Foods 2019, 8, 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8090361
Cengiz A, Schroën K, Berton-Carabin C. Lipid Oxidation in Emulsions Fortified with Iron-Loaded Alginate Beads. Foods. 2019; 8(9):361. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8090361
Chicago/Turabian StyleCengiz, Alime, Karin Schroën, and Claire Berton-Carabin. 2019. "Lipid Oxidation in Emulsions Fortified with Iron-Loaded Alginate Beads" Foods 8, no. 9: 361. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods8090361