Instruments

16 pages, 4220 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

First Demonstration of a Pixelated Charge Readout for Single-Phase Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers

by Jonathan Asaadi, Martin Auger, Antonio Ereditato, Damian Goeldi, Umut Kose, Igor Kreslo, David Lorca, Matthias Luethi, Christoph Benjamin Urs Rudolf Von Rohr, James Sinclair, Francesca Stocker and Michele Weber

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010009 - 23 Mar 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2899

Abstract

Traditional charge readout technologies of single-phase Liquid Argon Time projection Chambers (LArTPCs) based on projective wire readout introduce intrinsic ambiguities in event reconstruction. Combined with the slow response inherent in LArTPC detectors, reconstruction ambiguities have limited their performance, until now. Here, we present [...] Read more.

Traditional charge readout technologies of single-phase Liquid Argon Time projection Chambers (LArTPCs) based on projective wire readout introduce intrinsic ambiguities in event reconstruction. Combined with the slow response inherent in LArTPC detectors, reconstruction ambiguities have limited their performance, until now. Here, we present a proof of principle of a pixelated charge readout that enables the full 3D tracking capabilities of LArTPCs. We characterize the signal-to-noise ratio of charge readout chain to be about 14, and demonstrate track reconstruction on 3D space points produced by the pixel readout. This pixelated charge readout makes LArTPCs a viable option for high-multiplicity environments. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Liquid Argon Detectors: Instrumentation and Applications)

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6 pages, 2129 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Retro-Fitting Earth-Field Compensation Coils to the Vertical Cryostat GERSEMI in FREIA

by Volker Ziemann, Rolf Wedberg, Tord Peterson and Anders Wirén

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010008 - 10 Mar 2020

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2214

Abstract

We describe the design and construction of coils to compensate the Earth’s magnetic field in the vertical cryostat GERSEMI in the FREIA laboratory at Uppsala University. Full article

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9 pages, 4951 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Precise Electrohydrodynamic Direct-Write Micro-Droplets Based on a Designed Sinusoidal High-Voltage AC Power

by Huatan Chen, Gaofeng Zheng, Juan Liu, Jiaxin Jiang, Guoyi Kang, Xiang Wang, Wenwang Li and Yifang Liu

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010007 - 23 Feb 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2472

Abstract

The precise manufacturing of micro/nano structures is the key to the rapid development of flexible micro/nano systems. In this paper, a sinusoidal high-voltage alternating current (AC) power is designed for electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (EDW) technology. A push-pull converting circuit is utilized as the direct [...] Read more.

The precise manufacturing of micro/nano structures is the key to the rapid development of flexible micro/nano systems. In this paper, a sinusoidal high-voltage alternating current (AC) power is designed for electrohydrodynamic direct-writing (EDW) technology. A push-pull converting circuit is utilized as the direct current (DC) voltage regulator power of a full-bridge inverter circuit. A single-phase full-bridge inverter circuit is used to output the controllable AC voltage, which is then boost-filtered to output the high-voltage sinusoidal AC signal. The amplitude of the output sinusoidal voltage is proportional to the input voltage and the modulation degree of the sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) inverter circuit. Then, the designed sinusoidal high-voltage AC power is used in the AC EDW process to print micro-droplets. The deposition frequency and the average diameter of droplets can be effectively controlled by adjusting the voltage amplitude and the voltage frequency. The design of this sinusoidal high-voltage AC power will promote research on the applications of EDW technology in the field of micro/nano manufacturing. Full article

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11 pages, 1988 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A New Concept for Kilotonne Scale Liquid Argon Time Projection Chambers

by Jonathan Asaadi, Martin Auger, Roman Berner, Alan Bross, Yifan Chen, Mark Convery, Laura Domine, Francois Drielsma, Daniel Dwyer, Antonio Ereditato, Damian Goeldi, Ran Itay, Dae Heun Koh, Samuel Kohn, Patrick Koller, Igor Kreslo, David Lorca, Peter Madigan, Christopher Marshall, Thomas Mettler, Francesco Piastra, James Sinclair, Hirohisa Tanaka, Kazuhiro Terao, Patrick Tsang, Tracy Usher, Michele Weber and Callum Wilkinson Show full author list Hide full author list

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010006 - 7 Feb 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2867

Abstract

We develop a novel Time Projection Chamber (TPC) concept suitable for deployment in kilotonne-scale detectors, with a charge-readout system free from reconstruction ambiguities, and a robust TPC design that reduces high-voltage risks while increasing the coverage of the light-collection system and maximizing the [...] Read more.

We develop a novel Time Projection Chamber (TPC) concept suitable for deployment in kilotonne-scale detectors, with a charge-readout system free from reconstruction ambiguities, and a robust TPC design that reduces high-voltage risks while increasing the coverage of the light-collection system and maximizing the active volume. This novel concept could be used as a far detector module in the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE). For the charge-readout system, we used the charge-collection pixels and associated application-specific integrated circuits currently being developed for the liquid argon (LAr) component of the DUNE Near Detector design, ArgonCube. In addition, we divided the TPC into a number of shorter drift volumes, reducing the total voltage used to drift the ionization electrons, and minimizing the stored energy per TPC. Segmenting the TPC also contains scintillation light, allowing for precise trigger localization and a more expansive light-readout system. Furthermore, the design opens the possibility of replacing or upgrading components. These augmentations could substantially improve the reliability and the sensitivity, particularly for low-energy signals, in comparison to traditional monolithic LArTPCs with projective-wire charge readouts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Collection Selected Papers from Instruments’ Editorial Board Members)

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13 pages, 1123 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Free Electron Laser Performance within the EuPRAXIA Facility

by Federico Nguyen, Axel Bernhard, Antoine Chancé, Marie-Emmanuelle Couprie, Giuseppe Dattoli, Christoph Lechner, Alberto Marocchino, Gilles Maynard, Alberto Petralia and Andrea Renato Rossi

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010005 - 1 Feb 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2215

Abstract

Over the past 90 years, particle accelerators have evolved into powerful and widely used tools for basic research, industry, medicine, and science. A new type of accelerator that uses plasma wakefields promises gradients as high as some tens of billions of electron volts [...] Read more.

Over the past 90 years, particle accelerators have evolved into powerful and widely used tools for basic research, industry, medicine, and science. A new type of accelerator that uses plasma wakefields promises gradients as high as some tens of billions of electron volts per meter. This would allow much smaller accelerators that could be used for a wide range of fundamental and applied research applications. One of the target applications is a plasma-driven free-electron laser (FEL), aiming at producing tunable coherent light using electrons traveling in the periodic magnetic field of an undulator. In this work, the plasma-based electron beams with the most promising qualities, designed in the framework of EuPRAXIA, are analyzed in terms of the FEL performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Status of The Eupraxia Design Study – Towards The Next Generation of Particle Accelerators)

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10 pages, 651 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Logarithmic Spiral Neutron Guide

by Christine Klauser and Jochen Stahn

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010004 - 27 Jan 2020

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2325

Abstract

We present a neutron guide which is curved in the shape of a logarithmic spiral. Simulations and calculations for such a spiral guide are presented and the potential use of the guide for a reflectometer is investigated and compared to the conventional circularly [...] Read more.

We present a neutron guide which is curved in the shape of a logarithmic spiral. Simulations and calculations for such a spiral guide are presented and the potential use of the guide for a reflectometer is investigated and compared to the conventional circularly curved guide geometry. We concentrate on the specific case of a beamport at the SINQ source. For this application, the spiral guide shows a 30% increased flux on the region of interest while at the same time reducing background scattering due to beam converging. Full article

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3 pages, 211 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Instruments in 2019

by Instruments Editorial Office

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010003 - 16 Jan 2020

Viewed by 1590

Abstract

Full article

16 pages, 381 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Cramer—Rao Inequality to Improve the Resolution of the Least-Squares Method in Track Fitting

by Gregorio Landi and Giovanni E. Landi

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010002 - 4 Jan 2020

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3479

Abstract

The Cramer–Rao–Frechet inequality is reviewed and extended to track fitting. A diffused opinion attributes to this inequality the limitation of the resolution of the track fits with the number N of observations. It will be shown that this opinion is incorrect, the weighted [...] Read more.

The Cramer–Rao–Frechet inequality is reviewed and extended to track fitting. A diffused opinion attributes to this inequality the limitation of the resolution of the track fits with the number N of observations. It will be shown that this opinion is incorrect, the weighted least squares method is not subjected to that N-limitation and the resolution can be improved beyond those limits. In previous publications, simulations with realistic models and simple Gaussian models produced interesting results: linear growths of the peaks of the distributions of the fitted parameters with the number N of observations, much faster than the

\sqrt{N}

of the standard least-squares. These results could be considered a violation of a well-known

1 / N

-rule for the variance of an unbiased estimator, frequently reported as the Cramer–Rao–Frechet bound. To clarify this point beyond any doubt, a direct proof of the consistency of those results with this inequality would be essential. Unfortunately, such proof is lacking. Hence, the Cramer–Rao–Frechet developments are applied to prove the efficiency (optimality) of the simple Gaussian model and the consistency of the linear growth. The inequality remains valid even for irregular models supporting the similar improvement of resolution for the realistic models. Full article

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17 pages, 668 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electron Beam Brightness and Undulator Radiation Brilliance for a Laser Plasma Acceleration Based Free Electron Laser

by Amin Ghaith, Alexandre Loulergue, Driss Oumbarek, Olivier Marcouillé, Mathieu Valléau, Marie Labat, Sebastien Corde and Marie-Emmanuelle Couprie

Instruments 2020, 4(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/instruments4010001 - 1 Jan 2020

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 4439

Abstract

We report here on spontaneous undulator radiation and free electron laser calculations after a 10-m long transport line (COXINEL) using a Laser Plasma acceleration (LPA) source. The line enables the manipulation of the properties of the produced electron beams (energy spread, divergence, dispersion) [...] Read more.

We report here on spontaneous undulator radiation and free electron laser calculations after a 10-m long transport line (COXINEL) using a Laser Plasma acceleration (LPA) source. The line enables the manipulation of the properties of the produced electron beams (energy spread, divergence, dispersion) in view of light source applications. The electron beam brightness and undulator radiation brilliance are addressed by an analytical approach enabling us to point out the influence of chromatic effects in the COXINEL case. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physics and Applications of High Brightness Beams)

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Instruments, Volume 4, Issue 1 (March 2020) – 9 articles

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