Climate Change Challenges in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Fruit Tree Cultivation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Effects of Climate Change on Tree Phenology—Physiology
2.1. Effect of Climate Change on Bud Dormancy
2.2. Impact of Climate Change on Pollination
2.3. Impact of Climate Change on Fruit Growth and Quality
2.4. Impact of Climate Change on Plant Growth
- Altered photosynthesis-related gene expression,
- The feedback inhibition phenomenon described above,
- A limitation in the regeneration of ribulose-1,5 bisphosphate (RuBP) due to a conjugation of inorganic phosphate with the accumulated carbohydrates resulting in lower phosphorus availability,
- The progressive accumulation of starch in the chloroplasts,
- The limited utilization of triose phosphate,
- The decrease in stomatal density along with increased leaf thickness (due to increased mesophyll and vascular tissue cross-sectional area) which leads to reduced CO2 diffusion rates,
2.5. Effect of Erratic Precipitation or Sudden Rainstorms
3. Impact on Pest, Disease, and Weed Incidence
4. Possible Mitigation Measures
5. Conclusions and Prospects
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Weather Event | Impacts on Various Fruit/Nut Developmental Stages |
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Mild winter |
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Falsh spring conditions |
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Extremely high and long-lasting temperatures in summer |
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Low precipitation |
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Water stress |
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Warm autumn and early winter |
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Water logging |
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Frost |
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Roussos, P.A. Climate Change Challenges in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Fruit Tree Cultivation. Encyclopedia 2024, 4, 558-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4010036
Roussos PA. Climate Change Challenges in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Fruit Tree Cultivation. Encyclopedia. 2024; 4(1):558-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4010036
Chicago/Turabian StyleRoussos, Petros A. 2024. "Climate Change Challenges in Temperate and Sub-Tropical Fruit Tree Cultivation" Encyclopedia 4, no. 1: 558-582. https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia4010036