Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture: Possibilities, Hurdles, Resolutions, and Advantages
Abstract
:1. Introduction
Research Questions
2. Materials and Methods
Review of Previous Studies on Smart Animal Production
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Smart Agriculture in Animal Production
3.2. Practical Examples of Smart Animal Production
3.3. Developments in Smart Animal Agriculture
3.4. Technological Devices in Animal Production
3.5. Revolutionizing Animal Farming
3.6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Smart Animal Production
3.7. Technology Alternatives in Smart Animal Production
3.8. Livestock Accuracy Enhancing Applications
3.9. Blockchain in Animal Production Farms
3.10. Opportunities, Challenges, Solutions, and Benefits for Smart Animal Production Farms
3.10.1. Opportunities
3.10.2. Challenges
3.10.3. Solutions and Benefits
3.11. Holistic Economic Approaches to Smart Livestock Farms
3.12. Future Research and Development Trends in Smart Livestock Farms
4. Conclusions
5. Recommendations
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Category | Technology | Description |
---|---|---|
Health Monitoring | Health Wearables | This device continuously monitors and improves animal well-being by gathering and interpreting a range of health-related data. These tools employ technology to provide valuable insights into an animal’s physical condition, behavior, and overall well-being. In addition, they are used to track animal health parameters such as heart rate and activity levels, enabling the early detection of potential health problems [75]. |
Real-time Monitoring Devices | State-of-the-art animal monitoring devices continuously observe and analyze animal welfare data, providing real-time insights into their health and well-being. It delivers instant data on animal health, enabling timely interventions and improved care [76]. | |
Livestock Sensors | Livestock sensor devices are used to monitor and manage the health of animals in agricultural settings. They collect data on animal health and behavior, which can be used to make informed decisions about animal care [77]. | |
Advantages | Key aspects include real-time data tracking, early detection of diseases, analysis of vital signs, and proactive health management for both livestock and companion animals. | |
Disadvantages | Challenges include limited accuracy in early disease detection, potential errors in data interpretation, issues with device accessibility, and difficulties in the continuous monitoring of free-ranging animals. | |
Feeding Management | Automated Feeding Systems | Automated feeding systems (AFS) are innovative devices that streamline and enhance animal feeding using automation technology. AFS provides precise and scheduled feedings, ensuring optimal nutrition and resource management. They play a crucial role in modern animal husbandry by promoting consistency and improving efficiency [78]. |
Smart Feeders | Smart feeders are cutting-edge devices that revolutionize animal feeding using advanced technology. These innovative feeders provide intelligent and automated feeding solutions, offering convenience, precision, and remote control. They enhance animal care and well-being while optimizing nutrition [79]. | |
Advantages | Key elements include precise feeding, strategic nutritional planning, quality-controlled feeds, and automated feeding systems to enhance the health and performance of animals. | |
Disadvantages | Challenges may include imprecise feeding, nutritional imbalances, feed quality variations, and automated system issues. | |
Welfare Monitoring | Behavior Sensors | Animal behavior sensor devices are sophisticated tools that use advanced sensor technology to observe and analyze animal behavior. These devices provide real-time insights into animal behavior, helping researchers, caretakers, and anyone involved in animal management better understand their well-being [80]. |
Robotic Herding | Robotic herding devices represent a technological leap in livestock management, autonomously guiding animals using sensors and intelligent algorithms. They streamline herding, minimize stress, and optimize overall herd management, combining the precision of robotics with practical herding for a modern approach to animal husbandry [81]. | |
Advantages | Continuous monitoring involves real-time data collection, behavior analysis, and tracking of health indicators. | |
Disadvantages | Necessitate constrained precision, risk of sensor-induced stress, and difficulties in interpreting behavioral data. | |
Decision Support | AI Equipment | AI-equipped animal devices integrate artificial intelligence into animal care, employing advanced algorithms to analyze health, behavior, and overall well-being data. These devices provide valuable insights and personalized solutions for individual animals or groups, contributing to enhanced decision-making and proactive health monitoring in animal care, improving overall efficiency in animal management [82]. |
Advantages | Provide data-driven insights, predictive analytics, personalized recommendations, and optimizes health. | |
Disadvantages | Necessitate restricted data precision, susceptibility to algorithmic biases, and reliance on accurate input data. | |
Remote Monitoring | Remote Monitoring Systems | Animal remote monitoring systems employ remote sensing technologies to comprehensively track and analyze various aspects of animal health, behavior, and environmental conditions. Equipped with sensors and communication capabilities, these devices enable real-time monitoring and data transmission from a distance. Whether used in wildlife conservation or animal care, they provide researchers and caretakers with valuable, timely information for proactive management and swift responses to changes in an animal’s conditions [83]. |
Advantages | Provide real-time tracking, environmental sensing, health parameter monitoring, and automated alerts. | |
Disadvantages | Require addressing connectivity issues, mitigating data security concerns, ensuring device reliability, and minimizing the potential for false alarms. | |
Security | Remote Cameras | Animal remote camera systems are advanced devices for observing animal activities. With high-quality cameras, motion detection, and night vision, these systems provide continuous monitoring in various environments. Transmitting live or recorded footage remotely, they offer insights into animal behavior, habitat use, and interactions. Whether in wildlife research, livestock management, or animal observation, these systems provide an efficient and non-intrusive way to study animals in their natural or domestic settings [84]. |
Advantages | Provide high-resolution imaging, infrared night vision, motion detection, and capabilities for remote viewing. | |
Disadvantages | Require addressing limited battery life, weather vulnerability, potential for signal interference, and upfront cost. | |
Inventory Management | RFID-tagged Systems | Animal RFID-tagged systems use specialized devices for animal identification and tracking through radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology. With RFID tags containing unique codes attached to animals, RFID readers wirelessly collect and process information for efficient and accurate identification. Widely used in livestock management, wildlife research, and animal tracking, these systems streamline data collection, enhance security, and contribute to the overall management and well-being of animals [85]. |
Livestock Trackers | Animal livestock trackers are specialized devices that utilize GPS or other tracking technologies to provide real-time location information for individual animals within a herd. With features like geofencing and activity monitoring, these trackers enhance overall herd management, prevent loss, and optimize grazing patterns, ensuring efficient livestock monitoring in various environments [86]. | |
GPS Management | Animal GPS management devices use GPS technology for monitoring and controlling animal movements. Equipped with GPS modules, they enable real-time tracking and location identification of individual animals. With applications in wildlife research, and animal management, these devices contribute to enhanced security, efficient herd management, and the overall well-being of animals by providing valuable insights into their locations and movements [87]. | |
Advantages | Provide automated record keeping, RFID tracking, real-time data updates, and analytics for inventory management. | |
Disadvantages | Require addressing the potential for RFID malfunctions, minimizing data entry errors, simplifying system complexity, and managing initial setup costs. | |
Farm Management | Livestock Management Software | Livestock management software devices generally simplify and improve livestock care through advanced applications for health monitoring, breeding records, and feeding schedules. Featuring user-friendly interfaces, these devices enable efficient data entry, analysis, and decision-making for ranchers. By centralizing information and automating tasks, they enhance productivity, resource utilization, and the overall well-being of the livestock. Whether on small-scale farms or large agricultural operations, these devices are crucial for modern livestock management [88]. |
Advantages | Provide livestock health tracking, feed optimization, breeding management, and analytics for production. | |
Disadvantages | Require addressing data security risks, reducing equipment dependency, and mitigating the potential for inaccurate data entry. | |
Environmental Control | Environmental Controls | Animal environmental controls devices optimize environmental conditions for animals, regulating factors like temperature, humidity, ventilation, and lighting within enclosures. By ensuring a comfortable environment, these devices contribute to the well-being, health, and productivity of animals, playing a crucial role in creating optimal living conditions in places such as livestock barns, poultry houses, or animal habitats [89]. |
Advantages | Ensure animals’ well-being through temperature control, humidity management, ventilation, and optimal lighting for comfort. | |
Disadvantages | Limited precision in environmental settings, adaptability issues across various species, potential energy inefficiency, and difficulty accommodating individual animal preferences. | |
Reproductive Management | Hormone Monitors | Animal hormone monitor devices track and analyze hormonal levels in animals, utilizing advanced technology to measure concentrations of various hormones. They provide insights into reproductive cycles, stress levels, and overall health, aiding in fertility management, breeding programs, and overall well-being. Whether in wildlife research, or veterinary care, these devices play a pivotal role in optimizing hormonal balance for improved animal health and reproduction [90]. |
Advantages | Key aspects include synchronizing estrus, implementing artificial insemination, optimizing breeding programs, and monitoring reproductive health. | |
Disadvantages | Challenges encompass fluctuating success rates in artificial insemination, precision concerns in estrus synchronization, limited adaptability across species, and potential health risks linked to intensive reproductive interventions. | |
Supply Chain Management | Smart Distribution Systems | Animal smart distribution systems devices use smart technology to optimize resource distribution, automating dispensing based on schedules or conditions for efficient delivery. Whether in zoos or animal care, they provide a technologically advanced solution for animal resource management. They also optimize the flow of animal products from farm to consumer, reducing costs and improving efficiency [91]. |
Advantages | Encompassing inventory tracking, logistics optimization, quality control, and streamlined distribution for efficient sourcing of animal-related products. | |
Disadvantages | Challenges encompass supply chain disruptions, insufficient temperature control during transportation, quality assurance issues, and obstacles in real-time inventory tracking. | |
Packaging | Automated Packaging Systems | Animal automated packaging systems devices use advanced technology to automate packaging, incorporating features like automated weighing, sorting, and sealing for accuracy and speed. Whether used in animal food packaging or other animal-related goods, these devices enhance productivity, reduce labor costs, and improve overall efficiency in the packaging phase of animal product manufacturing. They streamline the process, saving time and improving efficiency [92]. |
Advantages | Key features of animal product packaging include secure, durable, and hygienic designs to uphold product integrity, preserve freshness, and comply with safety standards. | |
Disadvantages | Packaging limitations may involve environmental concerns, inadequate protection against contamination, limited recyclability, and challenges in balancing cost-effectiveness with sustainability. |
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© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Dayoub, M.; Shnaigat, S.; Tarawneh, R.A.; Al-Yacoub, A.N.; Al-Barakeh, F.; Al-Najjar, K. Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture: Possibilities, Hurdles, Resolutions, and Advantages. Ruminants 2024, 4, 22-46. https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants4010003
Dayoub M, Shnaigat S, Tarawneh RA, Al-Yacoub AN, Al-Barakeh F, Al-Najjar K. Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture: Possibilities, Hurdles, Resolutions, and Advantages. Ruminants. 2024; 4(1):22-46. https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants4010003
Chicago/Turabian StyleDayoub, Moammar, Saida Shnaigat, Radi A. Tarawneh, Azzam N. Al-Yacoub, Faisal Al-Barakeh, and Khaled Al-Najjar. 2024. "Enhancing Animal Production through Smart Agriculture: Possibilities, Hurdles, Resolutions, and Advantages" Ruminants 4, no. 1: 22-46. https://doi.org/10.3390/ruminants4010003