Next Issue
Volume 3, September
Previous Issue
Volume 3, March
 
 

Astronomy, Volume 3, Issue 2 (June 2024) – 5 articles

  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
28 pages, 658 KiB  
Article
Landau Tidal Damping and Major-Body Clustering in Solar and Extrasolar Subsystems
by Dimitris M. Christodoulou and Demosthenes Kazanas
Astronomy 2024, 3(2), 139-166; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy3020010 - 4 Jun 2024
Viewed by 799
Abstract
Major (exo)planetary and satellite bodies seem to concentrate at intermediate areas of the radial distributions of all the objects orbiting in each (sub)system. We show that angular-momentum transport during secular evolution of (exo)planets and satellites necessarily results in the observed intermediate accumulation of [...] Read more.
Major (exo)planetary and satellite bodies seem to concentrate at intermediate areas of the radial distributions of all the objects orbiting in each (sub)system. We show that angular-momentum transport during secular evolution of (exo)planets and satellites necessarily results in the observed intermediate accumulation of the massive objects. We quantify the ‘middle’ as the mean of mean motions (orbital angular velocities) when three or more massive objects are involved. Radial evolution of the orbits is expected to be halted when the survivors settle near mean-motion resonances and angular-momentum transfer between them ceases (gravitational Landau damping). This dynamical behavior is opposite in direction to what has been theorized for viscous and magnetized accretion disks, in which gas spreads out and away from either side of any conceivable intermediate area. We present angular momentum transfer calculations in few-body systems, and we also calculate the tidal dissipation timescales and the physical properties of the mean tidal field in planetary and satellite (sub)systems. Full article
Show Figures

Figure A1

17 pages, 50898 KiB  
Article
Deep Sky Objects Detection with Deep Learning for Electronically Assisted Astronomy
by Olivier Parisot and Mahmoud Jaziri
Astronomy 2024, 3(2), 122-138; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy3020009 - 13 May 2024
Viewed by 1364
Abstract
Electronically Assisted Astronomy is a fascinating activity requiring suitable conditions and expertise to be fully appreciated. Complex equipment, light pollution around urban areas and lack of contextual information often prevents newcomers from making the most of their observations, restricting the field to a [...] Read more.
Electronically Assisted Astronomy is a fascinating activity requiring suitable conditions and expertise to be fully appreciated. Complex equipment, light pollution around urban areas and lack of contextual information often prevents newcomers from making the most of their observations, restricting the field to a niche expert audience. With recent smart telescopes, amateur and professional astronomers can capture efficiently a large number of images. However, post-hoc verification is still necessary to check whether deep sky objects are visible in the produced images, depending on their magnitude and observation conditions. If this detection can be performed during data acquisition, it would be possible to configure the capture time more precisely. While state-of-the-art works are focused on detection techniques for large surveys produced by professional ground-based observatories, we propose in this paper several Deep Learning approaches to detect celestial targets in images captured with smart telescopes, with a F1-score between 0.4 and 0.62 on test data, and we experimented them during outreach sessions with public in Luxembourg Greater Region. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 588 KiB  
Brief Report
Constraining the Inner Galactic DM Density Profile with H.E.S.S.
by Jaume Zuriaga-Puig
Astronomy 2024, 3(2), 114-121; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy3020008 - 11 Apr 2024
Viewed by 950
Abstract
In this short review, corresponding to a talk given at the conference “Cosmology 2023 in Miramare”, we combine an analysis of five regions observed by H.E.S.S. in the Galactic Center, intending to constrain the Dark Matter (DM) density profile in a WIMP annihilation [...] Read more.
In this short review, corresponding to a talk given at the conference “Cosmology 2023 in Miramare”, we combine an analysis of five regions observed by H.E.S.S. in the Galactic Center, intending to constrain the Dark Matter (DM) density profile in a WIMP annihilation scenario. For the analysis, we include the state-of-the-art Galactic diffuse emission Gamma-optimized model computed with DRAGON and a wide range of DM density profiles from cored to cuspy profiles, including different kinds of DM spikes. Our results are able to constrain generalized NFW profiles with an inner slope γ1.3. When considering DM spikes, the adiabatic spike is completely ruled out. However, smoother spikes given by the interactions with the bulge stars are compatible if γ0.8, with an internal slope of γsp-stars=1.5. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Cosmology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 320 KiB  
Article
Cosmography of the Minimally Extended Varying Speed-of-Light Model
by Seokcheon Lee
Astronomy 2024, 3(2), 100-113; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy3020007 - 7 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1093
Abstract
Cosmography, as an integral branch of cosmology, strives to characterize the Universe without relying on pre-determined cosmological models. This model-independent approach utilizes Taylor series expansions around the current epoch, providing a direct correlation with cosmological observations and the potential to constrain theoretical models. [...] Read more.
Cosmography, as an integral branch of cosmology, strives to characterize the Universe without relying on pre-determined cosmological models. This model-independent approach utilizes Taylor series expansions around the current epoch, providing a direct correlation with cosmological observations and the potential to constrain theoretical models. Various observable quantities in cosmology can be described as different combinations of cosmographic parameters. Furthermore, one can apply cosmography to models with a varying speed of light. In this case, the Hubble parameter can be expressed by the same combination of cosmographic parameters for both the standard model and varying speed-of-light models. However, for the luminosity distance, the two models are represented by different combinations of cosmographic parameters. Hence, luminosity distance might provide a method to constrain the parameters in varying speed-of-light models. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

33 pages, 7491 KiB  
Review
Refracted Gravity Solutions from Small to Large Scales
by Valentina Cesare
Astronomy 2024, 3(2), 68-99; https://doi.org/10.3390/astronomy3020006 - 5 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1353
Abstract
If visible matter alone is present in the Universe, general relativity (GR) and its Newtonian weak field limit (WFL) cannot explain several pieces of evidence, from the largest to the smallest scales. The most investigated solution is the cosmological model Λ cold dark [...] Read more.
If visible matter alone is present in the Universe, general relativity (GR) and its Newtonian weak field limit (WFL) cannot explain several pieces of evidence, from the largest to the smallest scales. The most investigated solution is the cosmological model Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM), where GR is valid and two dark components are introduced, dark energy (DE) and dark matter (DM), to explain the ∼70% and ∼25% of the mass–energy budget of the Universe, respectively. An alternative approach is provided by modified gravity theories, where a departure of the gravity law from ΛCDM is assumed, and no dark components are included. This work presents refracted gravity (RG), a modified theory of gravity formulated in a classical way where the presence of DM is mimicked by a gravitational permittivity ϵ(ρ) monotonically increasing with the local mass density ρ, which causes the field lines to be refracted in small density environments. Specifically, the flatter the system the stronger the refraction effect and thus, the larger the mass discrepancy if interpreted in Newtonian gravity. RG presented several encouraging results in modelling the dynamics of disk and elliptical galaxies and the temperature profiles of the hot X-ray emitting gas in galaxy clusters and a covariant extension of the theory seems to be promising. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Cosmology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop