Aerospace Anti-icing Systems

A special issue of Aerospace (ISSN 2226-4310). This special issue belongs to the section "Aeronautics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2025 | Viewed by 2651

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
ASTRA (Additive Manufacturing for Systems and Structures in Aerospace) Group, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: anti icing systems; additive manufacturing; smart structures; on board system design; lattice structures; in situ resource utilization

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Guest Editor
College of Science and Engineering, University of Derby, Derby DE22, UK
Interests: computational mechanics; composite materials; aerospace structures; multifield interactions; smart sensors; optimisation algorithms; 3D printing; homogenisation techniques
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
ASTRA (Additive Manufacturing for Systems and Structures in Aerospace) Group, Politecnico di Torino, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
Interests: aerospace engineering; additive manufacturing; aerospace design; lattice structures; smart structures; anti-icing systems; multidisciplinary optimization; FBG sensors; safety analysis; contamination control; telemetry

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue of Aerospace will explore the important and evolving field of aerospace anti-icing systems. As aviation technology continues to advance, the importance of sophisticated anti-icing technologies, especially those that align with sustainability goals, cannot be overstated. Ensuring the safety, efficiency, and environmental compatibility of aircraft, particularly under adverse weather conditions, is paramount. This issue aims to highlight the latest advancements, challenges, methodologies, and sustainability considerations in the development and application of anti-icing systems for the aerospace industry.

Ice on aircraft surfaces, such as the wings, propellers, and engine inlets, poses a significant threat to flight safety and environmental sustainability. Ice accumulation can lead to reduced control and lift, increased drag, and even complete engine failure, while traditional de-icing methods often involve environmentally harmful chemicals or excessive energy consumption. The aerospace community is thus compelled to innovate to improve the safety and environmental sustainability of anti-icing technologies.

The goal of this Special Issue is to disseminate current research and developments while fostering dialogue and collaboration within the aerospace engineering community with regard to sustainable practices. By examining the multifaceted aspects of anti-icing systems, from their design and materials to operational strategies and regulatory considerations, we aim to contribute to the enhancement of aeronautical safety, performance, and environmental stewardship in icy conditions.

This Special Issue will bring together pioneering experimental and simulation-based research, as well as case studies and reviews, from leading experts and emerging scholars in the field. Contributions will cover topics including the mechanisms of ice formation, the latest advancements in thermal, chemical, and mechanical anti-icing systems, and the integration of advanced materials and coatings, with a focus on energy efficiency and environmental impact. Additionally, this issue will explore the role of simulations and modeling in predicting and analyzing ice accretion, and the effectiveness of anti-icing measures under the new paradigm of sustainability.

Dr. Carlo Giovanni Ferro
Dr. Stefano Valvano
Prof. Paolo Maggiore
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • anti-icing systems
  • aviation safety
  • ice accretion model
  • advanced materials and coatings
  • thermal anti-icing
  • chemical anti-icing
  • mechanical anti-icing
  • electro-expulsive anti-icing
  • ice formation mechanisms
  • de-icing chemicals
  • aircraft design
  • operational strategies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 1589 KiB  
Article
The Influence of Ice Accretion on the Thermodynamic Performance of a Scientific Balloon: A Simulation Study
by Qiang Liu, Lan He, Yanchu Yang, Kaibin Zhao, Tao Li, Rongchen Zhu and Yanqing Wang
Aerospace 2024, 11(11), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11110899 (registering DOI) - 31 Oct 2024
Abstract
A scientific balloon is the ideal platform for carrying out long-duration missions for scientific research in the stratosphere. However, when a scientific balloon ascends through icy clouds and reaches supercooled droplets, there is a risk of ice accretion on the balloon’s surface. Ice [...] Read more.
A scientific balloon is the ideal platform for carrying out long-duration missions for scientific research in the stratosphere. However, when a scientific balloon ascends through icy clouds and reaches supercooled droplets, there is a risk of ice accretion on the balloon’s surface. Ice accretion on the balloon can threaten flight safety and the accomplishment of missions and can even result in disastrous accidents. A comprehensive simulation platform was developed to simulate the influence of ice accretion on the thermodynamic performance of a scientific balloon to provide quantitative data support for balloon design and flight operations. The simulation platform consisted of two parts: one based on ANSYS software to solve the accretion model and the other a program developed with MATLAB software to solve the thermodynamic model. The results suggest that, in certain cloud environments, there is a risk of ice accretion on a balloon’s surface; the extra ice mass added to the balloon may prevent it from ascending through icy clouds and instead keep it floating at the base of these clouds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Anti-icing Systems)
30 pages, 1964 KiB  
Article
Modeling of Supercooled Large Droplet Physics in Aircraft Icing
by Serkan Özgen and Eda Bahar Sarıbel
Aerospace 2024, 11(10), 797; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11100797 - 27 Sep 2024
Viewed by 502
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate phenomena that are related to SLD conditions in aircraft icing including gravity, non-spherical droplets, droplet breakup and droplet splash using an in-house computational tool. The in-house computational tool involves four modules for the computation of the flow field, [...] Read more.
This paper aims to investigate phenomena that are related to SLD conditions in aircraft icing including gravity, non-spherical droplets, droplet breakup and droplet splash using an in-house computational tool. The in-house computational tool involves four modules for the computation of the flow field, droplet trajectories, convective heat transfer coefficients and ice growth rates. Droplet trajectories are computed using the Lagrangian approach, while ice growth rates are calculated using the Extended Messinger Model. In order to extend the capabilities of the computational tool to include SLD-related phenomena, empirical models that represent SLD physics are implemented. An extensive study has been performed using MS317 and NACA0012 airfoils, that aims to bring out the relative importance of the SLD-related phenomena, particularly on water catch rates and ice formation. The results of the study pointed to some important new conclusions that may shed further light on SLD physics. For example, multiple droplet breakup has been observed under certain conditions and droplet breakup emerged as a more important effect than previously reported. It was also seen that droplet splash influences both the energy balance and the mass balance in the icing process, which has been shown to have an important effect on the final ice shape, especially for very large droplets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Anti-icing Systems)
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22 pages, 9209 KiB  
Article
Structural Damage Assessment of an Airfoil Anti-Icing System under Hailstorm Conditions
by Carlo Giovanni Ferro, Alessandro Cellini and Paolo Maggiore
Aerospace 2024, 11(7), 520; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11070520 - 27 Jun 2024
Viewed by 930
Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of the resilience of leading edge anti-icing systems on business jets when exposed to severe hailstorm conditions. Using advanced simulation models correlated with experimental data, the study aims to determine the overall effectiveness of these systems [...] Read more.
This paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of the resilience of leading edge anti-icing systems on business jets when exposed to severe hailstorm conditions. Using advanced simulation models correlated with experimental data, the study aims to determine the overall effectiveness of these systems when exposed to the adverse effects of hail impact. Key aspects of the study include the examination of system structural response to varying sizes and densities of hailstones, and the impact on the leading edge structural integrity and on the overall aircraft safety. The simulations are designed to replicate realistic hailstorm scenarios, considering factors such as hailstone velocity, size, and impact angle. Results from the study reveal significant differences in the performance of piccolo-tube anti-icing system under hailstorm conditions. The study assesses the operational limitations and the energy absorption of a business jet anti icing system, providing valuable insights for anti-icing robust design in this category. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Anti-icing Systems)
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13 pages, 12441 KiB  
Article
Effects of Different Materials and Structures on Mechanical Properties of Hail Used in Aviation Testing
by Yewei Liu, Lifen Zhang, Xin Ge and Zhenxia Liu
Aerospace 2024, 11(7), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11070508 - 24 Jun 2024
Viewed by 620
Abstract
Hail absorption test of aeroengine is one of the important components of airworthiness certification. The accurate test data are closely related to the density and mechanical properties of the artificial hail used in airworthiness tests. Through experimental research, this study explores the impact [...] Read more.
Hail absorption test of aeroengine is one of the important components of airworthiness certification. The accurate test data are closely related to the density and mechanical properties of the artificial hail used in airworthiness tests. Through experimental research, this study explores the impact of distilled water, carbonated water and deionized water on the density and mechanical properties of artificial hail. The study addresses the significant differences between the density and mechanical properties of artificial hail and natural hail in existing studies. Based on this, a new method for preparing airworthiness test hail is proposed. The results indicate that artificial hail samples with distilled water as the hail core and carbonated water as the hail shell have densities ranging from 0.87 cm3 to 0.89 cm3. Furthermore, the estimated average maximum compressive strength of samples is 6.538 MPa, with some samples as low as 3.681 MPa. The mechanical properties of this artificial hail are more similar to those of natural hail. This method can more realistically simulate natural hail environments and can be used for the fine design of airworthiness certification criteria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aerospace Anti-icing Systems)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: Influence of ice accretion on the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon
Authors: Qiang Liu; Lan He; Yanchu Yang; Kaibin Zhao; Tao Li; Rongchen Zhu; Yanqing Wang
Affiliation: Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences
Abstract: Scientific balloon is the ideal platform to carry out long-duration missions for scientific research in stratosphere, when the scientific balloon ascending across the icy clouds and confront with super cooled droplet, there is a risk of ice accretion on the balloon surface, ice accretion on the balloon will threat the safe flight and the accomplishment of the designed missions, and even results in disastrous accidents. The present paper reports on efforts to investigate the influence of the ice accretion on the thermal-dynamic performance of the scientific balloon, to provide quantity data support for the balloon design and flight operate. A comprehensive simulation platform was developed to simulate the influence of ice accretion on the thermal-dynamic performance of scientific balloon, the simulation platform consists of two parts. One is a program developed with MATLAB software to solve the thermal-dynamic mode, the other is based on ANSYS software to solve the accretion model. The results suggest that under certain cloud environment, there exist the risk of ice accretion on the balloon surface, the extra ice mass added on the balloon may prevent the balloon from ascending across the icy cloud and keep it afloat at the bottom of the cloud.

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