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Applied Sciences
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Innovative Methods of Cleaning Polychrome Works of Art
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Innovative Methods of Cleaning Polychrome Works of Art

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 August 2024 | Viewed by 2326

Special Issue Editors

Prof. ANTONELLA CASOLI

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
university of parma;department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability,
Interests: chemical of cultural heritage, painting materials, pigments, binding media, cleaning of painting works of art; Innovative Methods of Cleaning Polychrome Works of Art, ancient paper characterization, ancient paper cleaning
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Laura Bergamonti

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43121 Parma, Italy
Interests: cultural heritage materials; polychrome works of art; cleaning spectroscopic characterization; heterogeneous photocatalysis; organic and inorganic pollutant adsorption; eanvironmental chemistry; nanomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The preservation of the historical memory of a population is strictly bound to the activation of suitable conservation restoration strategies. This project focuses on the first phase of the restoration process, the cleaning of works of art, proposing an innovative approach to the cleaning of painted surfaces. The ideal cleaning process should be selective, effective and controlled. Selective to act only and exclusively on unwanted substances. Effective to be able to remove a great variety of deteriogen agents. Controlled to prevent our action from affecting the original materials. The operation must not proceed beyond the desired level that is considered optimal. Scientific researchers are aware that the materials used until now during the cleaning phase are often effective in cleaning, but responsible for the leaching of organic components present in the product (binders, paints), thus causing removal of original materials.

Dr. Antonella Casoli
Dr. Laura Bergamonti
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polychrome works of art
  • cleaning
  • original components of the work of art
  • innovative materials
  • conservation activities
  • mural paintings
  • canvas
  • “green” chemistry systems
  • diagnostic techniques
  • nanoscience
  • colloids
  • microemulsions
  • surfactants
  • gels

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

26 pages, 90168 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) as a Green Alternative to Common Solvents in Conservation Treatments
by Camilla Zaratti, Livia Marinelli, Irene Angela Colasanti, Francesca Irene Barbaccia, Helene Aureli, Fernanda Prestileo, Tilde de Caro, Mauro Francesco La Russa and Andrea Macchia
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1970; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051970 - 28 Feb 2024
Viewed by 664
Abstract
This study investigates the potential of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents for the removal of low-polarity materials commonly found in cultural heritage artefacts. Recognizing the environmental and health concerns associated with conventional solvents, this research focuses [...] Read more.
This study investigates the potential of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) as environmentally sustainable alternatives to traditional solvents for the removal of low-polarity materials commonly found in cultural heritage artefacts. Recognizing the environmental and health concerns associated with conventional solvents, this research focuses on FAME to remove low/non-polarity or non-polar substances used in cultural heritage preservation. Laboratory samples coated with low molecular synthetic resins (LMW) such as Regalrez 1094 and microcrystalline wax were treated with FAME applied in gel to prevent solvent–substrate interactions. Photographic documentation under UV-vis light, optical microscope observations, and spectrocolorimetric analysis were used for assessing surface “cleanness”, while FTIR-ATR spectroscopy was used to detect possible residue from treatment. Moreover, SEM analysis was used for a better understanding of the results. The best results were obtained using FAME base on methyl stearate according to Hansen-RED. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Methods of Cleaning Polychrome Works of Art)
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18 pages, 6142 KiB  
Article
Hydrophobic and Photocatalytic Treatment for the Conservation of Painted Lecce stone in Outdoor Conditions: A New Cleaning Approach
by Laura Bergamonti, Marianna Potenza, Federica Scigliuzzo, Sandro Meli, Antonella Casoli, Pier Paolo Lottici and Claudia Graiff
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1261; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031261 - 02 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 517
Abstract
Self-cleaning and hydrophobic treatments based on TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles are widely applied for the preservation of cultural heritage materials, to improve their resilience in polluted environments. Excellent results have been obtained on stone materials, but experiments on painted stone surfaces, [...] Read more.
Self-cleaning and hydrophobic treatments based on TiO2 and SiO2 nanoparticles are widely applied for the preservation of cultural heritage materials, to improve their resilience in polluted environments. Excellent results have been obtained on stone materials, but experiments on painted stone surfaces, such as wall paintings and polychrome plasters used in historic buildings, are still limited. In this work, we present a study on the use of water dispersions of TiO2 nanoparticles obtained via sol-gel and organically modified silica (OrMoSil) for cleaning and protective purposes on Lecce stone, a carbonate stone, widely used for its excellent workability but easily attacked by atmospheric agents and pollutants. First, we evaluated the harmlessness of the treatment on Lecce stone through colorimetric tests, water absorption by capillarity and permeability to water vapor. The photocatalytic activity of the TiO2 nanoparticles was assessed by photo-degradation of methyl orange and methylene blue dyes. The dispersion was then applied on painted samples prepared according to ancient recipes to confirm the effectiveness of the cleaning. The proposed TiO2/OrMoSil-based coating can act as a self-cleaning and protective treatment on lithic surfaces to prevent degradation phenomena and preserve the original appearance of the monument. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Methods of Cleaning Polychrome Works of Art)
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16 pages, 13286 KiB  
Article
“A Woman Clothed with the Sun”: The Diagnostic Study and Testing of Enzyme-Based Green Products for the Restoration of an Early 17th Century Wall Painting in the Palazzo Gallo in Bagnaia (Italy)
by Claudia Colantonio, Luca Lanteri, Ramona Bocci, Valeria Valentini and Claudia Pelosi
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(23), 12884; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132312884 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 852
Abstract
A 17th century wall painting, representing the Virgin between two Saints, in a noble Italian renaissance palace, the Palazzo Gallo in Bagnaia (Viterbo, Italy), was restored in 2021 in the context of a wider restoration campaign involving the main room of the palace [...] Read more.
A 17th century wall painting, representing the Virgin between two Saints, in a noble Italian renaissance palace, the Palazzo Gallo in Bagnaia (Viterbo, Italy), was restored in 2021 in the context of a wider restoration campaign involving the main room of the palace built by cardinal Sansoni Riario. Diagnostic analyses performed using traditional characterization techniques (optical microscopy on micro-stratigraphic sections, X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) provided the identification of both the original painting and its restoration materials, while imaging investigations using the ultraviolet fluorescence photography, false color images and multispectral mapping provided by the hypercolorimetric multispectral imaging (HMI) technique enabled the evaluation of the state of conservation, the location of restoration interventions and supported the monitoring of the cleaning procedure. An altered protective Paraloid®-based coating dating from the early 2000s had to be removed due to the unpleasant glossy finishing it had given to the painted surface, making the scene barely readable. To pursue a restoration protocol based on environmental sustainability and green chemistry, enzyme-based gels marketed by the Nasier-Brenta© and CTS© companies were tested in different protocols for the cleaning of the mixture (known as beverone) covering the painting. Although some interesting results were observed, the enzymatic cleaning had limited effectiveness, and was more timing-consuming than was reasonable. Traditional chemical solvents such as Dowanol PM (methoxy propanol) and benzyl alcohol were necessary to complete the cleaning of the painting surface. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovative Methods of Cleaning Polychrome Works of Art)
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