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Recent Scientific Advances on Renewable Energy Applications

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 July 2024) | Viewed by 5308

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza 60020-181, Brazil
Interests: renewable energy; remote sensing; applied numerical methods for the environment; artificial intelligence; machine learning; deep learning
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There has been an increasing concern regarding the decarbonization of the world and the minimization of fossil fuel usage, aiming at environmental sustainability and the well-being of our society. In this process, renewable energies become a strong ally. Therefore, scientific research is essential for this transition to occur as appropriately as possible, from the basic aspects of production until its application. Among the renewable energy sources that are abundant in the world and deserve to be highlighted, we can mention wind, solar, and biomass, which are available to be used in the most varied fields of industry, automotive, and energy generation, as well as be used to obtain green hydrogen, an energy vector that recently has been widely researched and studied in the most diverse countries of the world. As such, we defend the study and research in the area of renewable energies, including their applications in the most varied fields they can reach. The main objective of this Special Issue is to improve knowledge about what has been studied, investigated, and assessed in relation to renewable energies worldwide, in the most varied research centers, permitting interactions between researchers while reliable information is interchanged. Our aim is to provide science-based knowledge, innovative ideas/approaches, solutions, and applications related to renewable energy. We invite authors to share their perceptions, knowledge, investigations, and findings on renewable energies in general, as well as their applications, with the intention of making available rich material to serve as a guide related to the subject.

In particular, the following topics are of significant interest:

  • Energy resources—bioresources (e.g., biomass, waste), fossil fuels (including natural gas), geothermal resources, hydrogen, hydropower, nuclear, marine and ocean, solar, and wind;
  • Applications—buildings, industry, and transport, including information communication systems in addition to specific apparatus/processes;
  • Use and storage—batteries, conversion technologies, fuel cells, storage technologies, technical developments, and technology scale;
  • Environment—impacts, both positive and negative, on various aspects of our planet;
  • Sustainability—generation of carbon credits and reduction of impacts on the environment and society.

Prof. Dr. Paulo Rocha
Prof. Dr. Bahram Gharabaghi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • renewable energy
  • energy storage
  • solar energy
  • wind energy
  • biomass
  • green hydrogen
  • applied energy
  • computational fluid dynamics
  • machine learning
  • deep learning
  • forecasting

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 7444 KiB  
Article
Effect of Atmospheric Stability on Meandering and Wake Characteristics in Wind Turbine Fluid Dynamics
by Bendik Peter Løvøy Alvestad, Leon Fevang-Gunn, Balram Panjwani and Tania Kalogiannidis Bracchi
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 8025; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178025 - 8 Sep 2024
Viewed by 750
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of atmospheric stability on wind turbine flow dynamics, focusing on wake deflection and meandering. Using the high-fidelity large-eddy simulation coupled with the Actuator Line model, we explore three stability conditions for the Vestas V80 turbine, both with and [...] Read more.
This study investigates the impact of atmospheric stability on wind turbine flow dynamics, focusing on wake deflection and meandering. Using the high-fidelity large-eddy simulation coupled with the Actuator Line model, we explore three stability conditions for the Vestas V80 turbine, both with and without yaw. The results indicate that wake meandering occurs predominantly along the deflected wake axis. Despite varying wake deficits and meandering behaviors, neutral and stable conditions exhibit similar wake deflection trajectories during yawed turbine operations. Spectral analysis of meandering reveals comparable cutoff and peak frequencies between neutral and stable cases, with a consistent Strouhal number (St=0.16). The unstable condition shows significant deviations, albeit with associated uncertainties. Overall, increased stability decreases both oscillation amplitude and frequency, highlighting the complex interplay between atmospheric stability and wind turbine wake dynamics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Scientific Advances on Renewable Energy Applications)
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18 pages, 1062 KiB  
Article
A Switching Observer for State-of-Charge Estimation of Reconfigurable Supercapacitors
by Heng Li, Zitao Zhou and Chao Hu
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 8005; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14178005 - 7 Sep 2024
Viewed by 515
Abstract
While State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation for supercapacitors has been extensively studied, most research focuses on single units. However, the recent introduction of reconfigurable circuits significantly alters system dynamics, rendering existing SOC estimation techniques inadequate. This paper addresses this challenge by employing a switching systems [...] Read more.
While State-of-Charge (SOC) estimation for supercapacitors has been extensively studied, most research focuses on single units. However, the recent introduction of reconfigurable circuits significantly alters system dynamics, rendering existing SOC estimation techniques inadequate. This paper addresses this challenge by employing a switching systems approach to estimate the SOC of supercapacitors with reconfigurable circuits. We first establish an RC model for the supercapacitor integrated with the reconfigurable circuit and thoroughly analyze the state continuity and observability of the resulting switched system. Subsequently, we propose a switching observer and evaluate its convergence properties by comparing its performance against other observer techniques. Experimental validation on a hardware platform demonstrates the superiority of our proposed observer for accurate SOC estimation in this context. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Scientific Advances on Renewable Energy Applications)
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13 pages, 3769 KiB  
Article
Effect of Time and Voltage on the Electrophoresis Deposition of Zinc Oxide Thin Films for Photovoltaic Applications
by Vanja Fontenele Nunes, Manuel Pedro Fernandes Graça, Imen Hammami, Ana Fabíola Leite Almeida and Francisco Nivaldo Aguiar Freire
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1202; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031202 - 31 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
Electrophoretic deposition is a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technique for depositing and synthesizing nanomaterials, particularly nanofilms of semiconductors. Key parameters in electrophoresis include deposition time and voltage. Zinc oxide, a semiconductor of significant interest in solar energy research, possesses favorable characteristics, notably, [...] Read more.
Electrophoretic deposition is a straightforward, environmentally friendly, and cost-effective technique for depositing and synthesizing nanomaterials, particularly nanofilms of semiconductors. Key parameters in electrophoresis include deposition time and voltage. Zinc oxide, a semiconductor of significant interest in solar energy research, possesses favorable characteristics, notably, a band gap value of approximately 3.33 eV. In the realm of dye-sensitized solar cells, which represent the third generation of solar cells, zinc oxide has emerged as a compelling choice for a photoanode. This study focused on depositing thin films of zinc oxide through electrophoresis and applying them as photoanodes in dye solar cells. The results demonstrated that the electrodeposited films exhibited good reflectance in the visible spectrum (~60–90%), a band gap energy of 3.28 eV, and an incident photon conversion efficiency of approximately 4.48% for the electrodeposited film at 80 V for 5 min. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Scientific Advances on Renewable Energy Applications)
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19 pages, 1809 KiB  
Article
Estimation of Power System Inertia with the Integration of Converter-Interfaced Generation via MEMD during a Large Disturbance
by Maja Muftić Dedović, Adnan Mujezinović, Nedis Dautbašić, Ajdin Alihodžić, Adin Memić and Samir Avdaković
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020681 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2173
Abstract
The decrease in overall inertia in power systems due to the shift from synchronous generator production to renewable energy sources (RESs) presents a significant challenge. This transition affects the system’s stable frequency response, making it highly sensitive to imbalances between production and consumption, [...] Read more.
The decrease in overall inertia in power systems due to the shift from synchronous generator production to renewable energy sources (RESs) presents a significant challenge. This transition affects the system’s stable frequency response, making it highly sensitive to imbalances between production and consumption, particularly during large disturbances. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel approach using Multivariate Empirical Mode Decomposition (MEMD) for the accurate estimation of power system inertia. This approach involves applying MEMD, a complex signal processing technique, to power system frequency signals. The study utilizes PMU (Phasor Measurement Unit) data and simulated disturbances in the IEEE 39 bus test system to conduct this analysis. MEMD offers substantial advantages in analyzing multivariate data and frequency signals during disturbances, providing accurate estimations of system inertia. This approach enhances the understanding of power system dynamics in the context of renewable energy integration. However, the complexity of this methodology and the requirement for precise data collection are challenges that need to be addressed. The results from this approach show high accuracy in estimating the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) and system inertia, with minimal deviation from actual values. The findings highlight the significant impact of renewable energy integration on system inertia and emphasize the necessity of accurate inertia estimation in modern power systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Scientific Advances on Renewable Energy Applications)
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