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Applied Sciences
Special Issues
Integrated Communication, Localization and Sensing towards 6G
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Integrated Communication, Localization and Sensing towards 6G

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Electrical, Electronics and Communications Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2024) | Viewed by 3955

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Tingting Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: wireless localization; integration of sensing and communication; UWB; autonomous vehicle and intelligent transportation systems
Prof. Dr. Jiancun Fan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China
Interests: key techniques for 5G and 6G systems; localization based on integration of satellite navigation and communication; network security based on data mining and machine learning; application of machine learning for wireless communication; design and development of cognitive radio systems
Prof. Dr. Qinyu Zhang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
Interests: wireless networks; cognitive radio; intelligent signal processing; biomedical electronics; deep space communications
Dr. Pan Cao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Physics, Engineering and Computer Science, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
Interests: 5G mobile communications; integration of radar sensing and communication; convex/non-convex optimization millimetre-wave communication, antenna array signal processing, localization and radar signal processing and imaging

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Investigations on 6G are now well underway and several large initiatives have been launched to define this new generation of wireless networks. Due to the wide variety of envisioned cases, 6G will not lead to a generalized one-fits-all solution, but rather generate a rich diversity in terms of devices, spectrum usage, and applications. In addition to communications, many emerging services in 6G are also based on localization and sensing. Accurate localization and tracking of active users, as well as passive objects, will be part of the core communications functionality, and will enable a wide variety of promising services, such as autonomous robotics, environment monitoring/surveillance, immersive augmented reality, etc.

Traditional communication and radio sensing (including radar sensing and wireless localization) systems are usually designed separately, and occupy different frequency bands. However, due to the wide deployment of millimeter wave and massive MIMO technologies, communication signals in future wireless systems will tend to have a high resolution in both the time and angular domains, thus enabling high-accuracy sensing using communication signals. As such, the integration of radio sensing, localization, and communications holds great potential in many spectrums and cost-limited scenarios by realizing dual/multiple functions besides communication, such as autonomous vehicle networking, Wi-Fi-based indoor localization, collaborative sensing, etc.

Research efforts are well underway to address the issues arising with communication, localization, and sensing, as well as the design of dual/multi-functional radar communications, to make full use of radio frequencies and hardware that are usually designed for only a single function. However, many challenges arise when wireless communication meets radio sensing and localization, such as unified theoretical frameworks, fundamental performance limits, waveform design, and signal processing in the integration of multi-functional systems, including localization, detection, imaging, and communication, as well as prototype implementations.

The goal of this Special Issue is to support a broad and diverse set of viewpoints from industry and academia on the development of specific technological enablers.

Prof. Dr. Tingting Zhang
Prof. Dr. Jiancun Fan
Prof. Dr. Qinyu Zhang
Dr. Pan Cao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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26 pages, 7114 KiB  
Article
Resource Optimization Using a Step-by-Step Scheme in Wireless UWB Sensing and Localization Networks
by Ruihang Zhang, Jiayan Yang, Mu Jia, Tingting Zhang and Yachuan Bao
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(6), 2665; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14062665 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 565
Abstract
Wireless localization and target sensing both rely on precise extraction of parameters such as signal amplitude, propagation delay, and Doppler shift from the received signals. Due to the high multi-path resolution and strong penetration, both localization and sensing can be achieved through identical [...] Read more.
Wireless localization and target sensing both rely on precise extraction of parameters such as signal amplitude, propagation delay, and Doppler shift from the received signals. Due to the high multi-path resolution and strong penetration, both localization and sensing can be achieved through identical UWB waveforms. In this paper, we try to properly allocate resources for localization and sensing to fully exploit the potential of UWB systems. Considering the complexity of the multi-slot networks, we derive the Fisher Information Matrix (FIM) expressions for single-slot and dual-slot integrated sensing and localization (ISAL) networks, respectively, and propose two resource optimization schemes, namely the step-by-stepscheme and the integrated scheme, respectively. The numerical results show that: (i) for the sensing-resource-limited networks with relatively uniform node distribution, the energy allocated to each step in the step-by-step scheme satisfies the relationship energy for clock offset < energy for radar localization < energy for target sensing; (ii) in the multi-slot ISAL networks, more energy will be allocated to the time slots where the networks are relatively sensing-resource-limited; (iii) the step-by-step scheme is more suitable for the sensing-resource-abundant networks, while the integrated scheme is more suitable for the sensing-resource-limited networks. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Communication, Localization and Sensing towards 6G)
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16 pages, 20664 KiB  
Article
Joint Azimuth, Elevation and Delay Estimation for Single Base Station Localization in 3D IIoT
by Zhuyin Li and Xu Zhu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10768; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910768 - 27 Sep 2023
Viewed by 743
Abstract
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) presents unique challenges in terms of localization techniques. While three-dimensional (3D) environments offer extra challenges to enhanced accuracy and realism, research in this area remains limited. To bridge this gap, we [...] Read more.
Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) presents unique challenges in terms of localization techniques. While three-dimensional (3D) environments offer extra challenges to enhanced accuracy and realism, research in this area remains limited. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel localization technique assisted by a single base station (BS) in 3D IIoT scenarios. Our approach employs the MUltiple SIgnal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm to jointly estimate the angle of arrival (AoA) in azimuth and elevation, as well as the time of arrival (ToA). Compared to conventional multi-BS-assisted or MUSIC-based algorithms, our technique offers flexibility, easy implementation, and low computational cost. To improve performance, we integrate the Taylor-series into the iterative process after a MUSIC-based joint azimuth, elevation angle and delay estimation (JAEDE), resulting in a significant 99% reduction in computational complexity compared to a two-step MUSIC-based approach utilizing coarse-fine grid searching. Through numerical simulations, we compare our algorithm with three other MUSIC-based joint or separate estimation approaches, demonstrating its superior performance in azimuth angle of arrival (AoAz), elevation angle of arrival (AoAe), TOA, and overall location estimation across varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Communication, Localization and Sensing towards 6G)
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17 pages, 7610 KiB  
Article
An Improved Visual SLAM Method with Adaptive Feature Extraction
by Xinxin Guo, Mengyan Lyu, Bin Xia, Kunpeng Zhang and Liye Zhang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10038; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810038 - 06 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1696
Abstract
The feature point method is the mainstream method to accomplish inter-frame estimation in visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods, among which the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) feature-based method provides an equilibrium of accuracy as well as efficiency. However, the ORB [...] Read more.
The feature point method is the mainstream method to accomplish inter-frame estimation in visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods, among which the Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF (ORB) feature-based method provides an equilibrium of accuracy as well as efficiency. However, the ORB algorithm is prone to clustering phenomena, and its unequal distribution of extracted feature points is not conducive to the subsequent camera tracking. To solve the above problems, this paper suggests an adaptive feature extraction algorithm that first constructs multiple-scale images using an adaptive Gaussian pyramid algorithm, calculates adaptive thresholds, and uses an adaptive meshing method for regional feature point detection to adapt to different scenes. The method uses Adaptive and Generic Accelerated Segment Test (AGAST) to speed up feature detection and the non-maximum suppression method to filter feature points. The feature points are then divided equally by a quadtree technique, and the orientation of those points is determined by an intensity centroid approach. Experiments were conducted on publicly available datasets, and the outcomes demonstrate the algorithm has good adaptivity and solves the problem of a large number of corner point clusters that may result from using manually set detection thresholds. The RMSE of the absolute trajectory error of SLAM applying this method on four sequences of TUM RGB-D datasets is decreased by 13.88% when compared with ORB-SLAM3. It is demonstrated that the algorithm provides high-quality feature points for subsequent image alignment, and the application to SLAM improves the reliability and accuracy of SLAM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Communication, Localization and Sensing towards 6G)
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